(通用版)2016高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 题型专题方略 专题一 阅读理解 第二讲 推理判断题课件

1、第二讲 推理判断题,专题一 阅读理解,命题分析 推理判断题属于难度较高的题目，要求在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对文中细节的暗示和语篇逻辑关系的分析做出一定的判断和推理，从而理解作者所要传达的信息、得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。它主要考查考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力和考生的识别能力。 纵观近三年新课标全国卷，可以看出每年推理判断题的考查比例都在45个小题。简单的推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话或某段落，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。而较复杂的题目常常在理解全文的内容和结构的基础上，进行逻辑推理。,专题一 阅

2、读理解,解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多余推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。,专题一 阅读理解,细 节 推 断 题,细节推断题是推理判断题中比较简单的一类试题，它要求考生根据语篇中具体的内容和信息点，推断出文章中具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。解答此类试题时，一般可根据短文所提供的信息或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生只要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，就可作出准确的推断。常见的命题形式有：,It can be inf

3、erred from the passage/text that_ It can be concluded from the passage that_ The author strongly suggests that_ The writer implies but not directly states that_ The writer/author indicates/suggests/implies that_ Which of the following statements does the passage support?,(2015高考天津卷)I never told my m

4、other about my “miraculous”(奇迹般的)experience that summer，but she saw a slow but remarkable improvement in my classroom performance during the next year.And years later，she was proud that her son had read thousands of books，was awarded a PhD in literature，and authored his own books，articles，poetry and

5、 fiction.The power of the words has held. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?_ AThe author has become a successful writer. BThe authors mother read the same book. CThe authors mother rewarded him with books. DThe author has had happy summers ever since.,A,【解析】 推理判断题。根据本段的倒数第二句话.she was pro

6、ud that her son.authored his own books.可以得知， 作者的妈妈对自己的儿子读了很多书、创作出版了自己写的 书、文章、诗歌和小说等感到很自豪，由此可以推知，作者成为了一名成功的作家，A项所述符合题干要求。B项“作者的妈妈读了同样一本书”、C项“作者的妈妈奖励给他 书”、D项“作者自那之后度过了很多快乐的暑期”均为干扰项。,名师点津 对于细节推断题来说，根据文章中的关键信息点进行推断是解答此类试题的关键。考生不但要理解文章的字面含义，还要运用逻辑判断能力，推断出文章更深层的含义。同时还要根据文章内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。考生要注意站在文章作者或文中人物的立场

7、上，设身处地地考虑实际情景，并据此展开合理的想象和推理。主观臆断是许多考生做这类题时普遍存在的一个问题。,作者态度或观点的推断,该类型题目考查考生是否了解文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度。要求考生具有在正确理解文意的基础上，对观点或态度倾向进行分析、识别的能力。该类型题目的选项一般含有以下三类词：中性词：uninterested(不感兴趣的)，neutral(中立的)等；褒义词：positive(积极的)，supportive(支持的)，humorous(滑稽有趣的)，enthusiastic(热情的)，admiring(赞赏的)等；贬义词：disgusted(厌恶的)，critic

8、al(批评的)，indifferent(漠不关心的)，negative(否定的，消极的)，disappointed(失望的)等。常见的命题形式有：,The attitude of the author towards something is_？ The writer of the passage seems to think that_ Whats the writers attitude towards.? What is the authors opinion on.? What does the author think about.?,(2015高考湖北卷)On the whole，

9、Brookss story is acceptable if uninspired.As one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest.I enjoyed，for instance，the chapter in which Harold discovers how to think on his own.While Harold and Erica are certainly not strong or memorable characters

10、，the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science. What is the authors general attitude towards the book?_ AContradictory. BSupportive. CCautious. DCritical.,D,【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段作者在评价这本书的时候说到“mostly clear a

11、nd，to be fair，some chapters stand out above the rest；are certainly not strong or memorable characters；the more serious problems with The Social Animal lie elsewhere.These problems partly involve Brookss attempt to translate his tale into science.从这些信息可知，作者对这本书持“批评的(critical)”态度，故选D。,名师点津 名师点津 如何解答“心

12、思难猜”的观点态度类推理判断题？ 1一般来说，作者对某一事物的态度往往较为明确，要么支持，要么反对，带中立色彩的词语通常是错误选项，作者既然写文章就不会不关心； 2正确把握文章字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的观点代替作者的观点； 3因为作者往往不直接提出自己的态度或立场，而且作者写作时也常带有某种倾向性，所以，考生在读文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词语，捕捉那些烘托气氛、表达情感的语句；,4要学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。考生要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语，出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。作者的观点一般用in my view，in my opinion，p

13、ersonally，I think，I hold等引出。,写作意图的推断,写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。常见的命题形式有：,What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to _ The writer of the story

14、wants to tell us that_ The writer talks about.in order to. The author writes the last paragraph in order to_,(2015高考天津卷) Once when I was facing a decision that involved high risk，I went to a friend.He looked at me for a moment，and then wrote a sentence containing the best advice Ive ever had：Be bold

15、 and braveand mighty(强大的) forces will come to your aid. Those words made me see clearly that when I had fallen short in the past，it was seldom because I had tried and failed.It was usually because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.On the other hand，whenever I had plunged into deep

16、 water，forced by courage or circumstance，I had always been able to swim until I got my feet on the ground again.,Boldness means a decision to bite off more than you are sure you can eatAnd there is nothing mysterious about the mighty forces.They are potential powers we possess：energy，skill，sound jud

17、gment，creative ideaseven physical strength greater than most of us realize.,Admittedly，those mighty forces are spiritual ones.But they are more important than physical ones.A college classmate of mine，Tim，was an excellent football player，even though he weighed much less than the average player.“In o

18、ne game I suddenly found myself confronting a huge player，who had nothing but me between him and our goal line，”said Tim.“I was so frightened that I closed my eyes and desperately threw myself at that guy like a bullet(子弹)and stopped him cold.”,Boldnessa willingness to extend yourself to the extreme

19、is not one that can be acquired overnight.But it can be taught to children and developed in adults.Confidence builds up.Surely，there will be setbacks (挫折) and disappointments in life；boldness in itself is no guarantee of success.But the person who tries to do something and fails is a lot better off

20、than the person who tries to do nothing and succeeds. So，always try to live a little bit beyond your abilitiesand youll find your abilities are greater than you ever dreamed.,What is the authors purpose in writing this passage?_ ATo encourage people to be courageous. BTo advise people to build up ph

21、ysical power. CTo tell people the ways to guarantee success. DTo recommend people to develop more abilities. 【解析】 写作意图题。本文首段提到论点“要大胆勇敢地去尝试”，行文从第二段开始通过列举事实对此论点进行论证，最后一段回扣主题：努力活得稍微超过你的能力，那么你会发现你的能力比你希望的更大。故本文作者主要的目的是“鼓励人们要勇敢”，A项所述符合题干要求。,A,名师点津 不同的文章有不同的写作意图，归纳起来通常有以下三种：1.to entertain readers(娱乐读者，让人发

22、笑)，常见于故事类的文章。2.to persuade readers，to sell a product or a service，to attract more visitors/readers/audience(说服读者接受某种观点，购买某种产品或服务，吸引游客、读者或观 众)，多见于广告类的文章。3.to inform readers(告知读者某些信息)，多见于科普知识类、新闻报道类或社会文化类的文章。 判断文章的写作目的时一定要对文章主题有正确的把握；阅读时务必找准文章的主旨句，准确归纳文章主题。,文章出处或读者对象的推断,推测文章的来源或者推测读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识，这

23、样才能把文章的内容与自己已经具备的常识结合起来作出准确推断。比如考生要对报纸、杂志、网络、小说、童话、广告、说明书、旅游指南、药品说明、操作指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座，选出最佳答案。常见的命题形式有：,This passage would most likely be found in_ In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed? The passage is probably taken out of_ Where does this text pr

24、obably come from? Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?,(2015高考广东卷)When I grew up and entered the business world，I remember hearing my first boss say，“We all need to think like salespeople.” But it didnt completely make sense.My dad never once said，“If you want to catch a fish you need to think like a fisherman.” What he said was，“You need to think like a fish.” Years later，with great efforts to promote longterm services to people much older and richer than me，I gradually learned what we all need is to think more like customers.It is not an easy job.I will