2010届中考英语宾语补足语

1、宾语补足语. 在句中补充说明宾语的成分叫做宾语补足语. 宾语补足语主要有以下形式: 1.形容词 eg: Keep the baby warm. Dont get your clothes dirty.,Grammar,注意: 形容词作宾语补足语,只用在某些动词之后,如 keep 保持, get 使, think 认为, find认为, make 使, push 推. 2.动词不等式 eg: Mum always tells me to study hard.,注意: 动词不定式作宾语补足语,只用在某些动词之后,如tell 告诉, want 想要. wish希望, get 使, ask要求, t

2、each 教.,3.现在分词. eg: I heard someone singing in the next room. Look! Can you see a boy running towards us? 注意: 现在分词作宾语补足语,只用在某些动词之后,如see 看见, hear 听见, feel 感觉, watch 看等感官动词.,4.名词 eg: They call him Jim. The parents named their baby Sanmao. 注意: 名词作宾语补足语,只用在某些动词之后,如make 使得, call 称呼, name 命名等.,练练手吧: 1. Id

3、 like something new to you. A. say B. to say C. saying D. said 2. I wanted your friend, but my car broke down on the way. A. meet B. meeting C. to meeting D. to meet,3. The boy made his mum very . A. angry B. angryly C. angrily keys: B. D. A.,宾语补足语 某些及物动词要带复合宾语。复合宾语的第一部分通常由名词或代词充当，做宾语成分.第二部分表示第一部分的名

4、词或代词发出的动作或身份、特征等，称为宾语补足语。,宾语补足语有以下几类。 1). 由动词不定式充当。多数是带to的不定式，也有不带to的不定式。要求带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有tell, ask, invite, force, get, beg，allow, wish, want, like, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, permit, order, warn, cause 等。,如： I would prefer you not to change your plan 我宁愿你不要改变计划。 They encouraged m

5、e to try again 他们鼓励我再次尝试。,某些动词 如: think, consider, believe, know，find等后面作宾语补足语的不定式常用to be + adj的结构。 如： We believed him to be stupid 我们认为他很笨。,He didnt consider himself (to be) important 他并不认为自己重要。 某些动词如 make，have，let，see，hear，watch，notice，feel 等后作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。,He made us stay for tea 他使我们留下来吃茶点。 Let

6、 me introduce you to Miss Li 让我介绍你和李小姐认识。 Did you notice me leave/leaving the house 你注意到我离开了（正在离开）那房子吗？,变为被动语态时,不定式符号 to 必须保留 如： People who wont work should be made to work 必须要求不愿工作的人工作。 The middle-aged man was seen to enter the building 人们看见那中年男子走进大楼。,2). 由-ing形式或过去分词充当。当宾语补足语的动作由作宾语的名词或代词发出时，宾语补足语

7、用-ing形式。 如： He could hear his heart beating fast 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。 Do you smell something buring? 你闻到烧焦的气味了吗？,当宾语是宾语补足语发出的动作对象时，宾语补足语用过去分词形式。 如： Youd better have the desk painted. 你最好请人把课桌漆一下。 Ive never heard the song sung 我从未听见那首歌被人唱过。,3).由名词充当。某些动词如 call, name, make, elect, think, find, consider, ap

8、point 后接名词或代词作其宾语，再接 名词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的身份。 如： He made her secretary 他挑选她当秘书。,Her parents died, leaving her an orphan 她父母双亡，使她成了孤儿。 They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country 他们把巴黎看作国家的大脑和心脏。,4). 由形容词充当。某些动词 如:make, paint, keep, find, like, want等后接名词或代词作宾语，再接形容词作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语的状态、特征等。有的已构成固

9、定词组。,如： Do you like your tea weak or strong? 你喜欢把茶泡浓一点还是淡一点？ You must keep the classroom clean 你应该保持教室清洁。 The boy was beaten black and blue 男孩被打得青一块紫一块。,Grammar 定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。,关系代词有： who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：

10、 when, where, why等。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。,关系词有两个作用： 一. 引导定语从句。 二. 代替先行词在其引导的定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。 理解和牢记这两条概念，弄清楚关系词在定语从句充当什么成分，是掌握定语从句的关键。,关系词的选用 1.先行词为all,everything,nothing等不定代词，代替物时，定语从句用that引导。 注：something 后一般用which。,Is there anything that you want to explai

11、n? In 1898 they declared that they believed there was something in nature which gave out radiation.,2.先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词或only, very, none, no, little, few, much等修饰时定语从句用that引导。 This is the only reason that I can say. This is the first step that can be taken. It is the best one that you may choose.,3.wa

12、y后面的定语从句，引导定语从句有三种情况： a. 在比较正式的文体中用 in which； b.一般情况下用that； c. in which和that省去。,a. I was struck by the beauty of the way in which she stood. It was clear that the speaker now trusted Tom from the way in which these words were said.,b. Lincoin asked the people to think of slavery in the way that thes

13、e men did. Mary, there is one way that you could stop others talking about you and criticizing you.,c. Thats the way I looked at it. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed.,4.先行词是表示地点的名词时（country, school, room), 而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当地点状语，一般用where引导定语从句。也可以用介词which的结构。值得注意的是whi

14、ch前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。,The room where(=in which)he used to live has now been turned into a museum. The desk where(=on which)I put my bag is his. This is the school where(=in which)I joined the Party.,5.先行词是表示时间的名词（year, month, day, night），而关系词代替先行词在定语从句中充当时间状语，一般用when引导定语从句。也可以用介词which的结构。值得注意的是which前介词的选择是根据先行词与介词的搭配关系而定。,在掌握第4、第5条时应特别注意： 介词的位置变化以及相应的关系词的变化。 请分析下面两个句子。 那就是他工作的大学。, at which he works.