chapter8黑大跨文化教学课件

1、大学英语 跨文化交际,Chapter 8 Cultural influences on Contexts,黑龙江大学外语部,Idioms,Live together like brothers and do business like strangers. Arab Proverb Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. Wiliam Butler Yeats There are some remedies worse than the disease. Publilius Syrus,Learni

2、ng objectives :,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences in the Contexts,In this chapter, students will learn how to: perceive the relationship between context and communication. Describe different views towards various contexts in different cultures. Understand the management concept and behavioral modes of b

3、usiness context. Summarize the different roles and behavioral patterns of educational context. Evaluate the different attitudes and conversational structures of health care context.,Lead-in case: How Do Students Learn?,Do you often behave the same way in class as the students in the case? Why? 2. Wh

4、at suggestions can you give to Karen about how to teach Chinese students well? 3. What kind of cultural phenomenon can be reflected in the case above?,Chapter 11Global Social Customs and Business Etiquette,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Chapter Outline,Communication is influenced by extern

5、al environment: all human interaction is influenced to some degree by the social, physical, and cultural settings in which it occurs. This is known as the communication context. Three basic assumptions about human communication: Communication is rule governed Contexts specify the appropriate rules R

6、ules are cultural diverse,TEXT A Communication and Context,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Communication is rule governed,People expect culturally determined patterns of behavior or rules to govern their interactions,the rules differ depending on the context.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences o

7、n Context,Contexts specify the appropriate rules,Contexts as a classroom, bank, church, hospital, courtroom, wedding, or funeral determine which communication rules apply,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,bank,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,funeral,Rules are culturally diverse,Altho

8、ugh cultures have many of the same social settings or contexts, they may employ different rules. Consequently, concepts of dress, time, language, manners, nonverbal behavior, and control of the communication flow can differ significantly among cultures. .,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,TEX

9、T B The Business Context,Cultures Influence on the Business Context Management Business Etiquette Norms,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Cultures Influence on the Business Context,Business negotiation is intertwined with cultural exchange. This really is due to globalization, which is a resu

10、lt of growth in U.S. and foreign multinational industries since the 1960s.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Management,“Management” can be viewed differently from culture to culture. 1. Management In China 2.Management in the United States 3. Management in Germany 4. Management in Japan 5.Ma

11、nagement in France 6.Management in Mexico and Latin America,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,1.Management In China,Chinese business values emphasize kinship, interpersonal connections, respect for elders, and hierarchy.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,2.Management in the United Stat

12、es,In the United States, the manager is a cultural hero. Dominant managerial values in the United States include “achievement and success, belief in hard work, pragmatism, optimism, Puritanism, rationality, impersonality in interpersonal work relationships, equality of opportunity, acceptance of com

13、petition, and individualism.”,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,3.Management in Germany,In Germany, the manager is not a cultural hero. In fact, Germans do not have a very strong concept of management.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,4.Management in Japan,the Japanese do not share a

14、strong sense of management. For them, the key component of the organization is the “worker group.” Managers, section chiefs or department heads, value “groupism, harmony, acceptance of hierarchy in work relationships, sense of obligation, debt of lower level personnel to superiors, and consensual de

15、cision making.”,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,5.Management in France,In France, managers act in very superior roles.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,6.Management in Mexico and Latin America,The Mexican and Latin American managerial style has often been characterized as autocratic

16、(独裁的) and paternalistic（家长式作风）.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Business Etiquette Norms,Appointment seeking The Date for Business Greeting behavior Gift giving,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Appointment seeking,When doing business in China, it is important to establish contacts b

17、efore investing in a trip. In much of Latin America, appointments must be made a month in advance by mail or telephone and then followed up one week before the meeting To do business in Saudi Arabia, you must have a sponsor act as an intermediary, make appointment, and arrange meetings.,Chapter 8 Cu

18、ltural Influence on Contexts,The Date for Business,In Saudi Arabia, no business is conducted during Aid-al-Fitrthe three-day festival of breaking fast at the end of the month of Ramadanand Aid-al-Adhathe three-day feast of sacrifice. In Japan, business is not conducted during New Years holidays, Gol

19、den Week (April 29 to May 5), and Obon (in mid-August), because many people travel to the graves of their ancestors. In Israel, the Jewish holy day, the Sabbath begins at sunset on Friday and ends at sunset on Saturday.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Greeting behavior,Chinese people usuall

20、y offer a brief handshake on meeting, but a more common form of greeting is a nod or bow from the shoulders In American, Both men and women shake hands on meeting and leaving. A small kiss on the cheek or a hug is appropriate between women or between men and women who have known each other for a lon

21、g time. In Saudi Arabia, greetings involve numerous handshakes and tend to be expressive and elaborate In Finland, firm handshakes are the normal greeting for men and women. In Finland, it is customary for women to be greeted first.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,The middle-level manager i

22、n a large company outranks a department head from a smaller company. The higher the rank of the person you are introduced to, the lower you bow. The person of lower rank bows first and lowest.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,hug,kiss,Gift Giving,Most

23、 Americans view gift giving in the business setting as a form of bribery, but for many cultures, gift giving is a standard part of business.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Gift giving in China,TEXT C The Educational Context,Cultural influence on the educational context Role behaviors of st

24、udents and teacher Classroom Participation Turn taking,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,A. Cultures Influence on the Educational Context,All participants in the educational context - teachers, students, parents, school administrators, and other staff - bring their cultures beliefs, values, n

25、orms, and social practices with them,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,B. Role Behaviors of Students and Teachers,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Cultures differ in the ways they choose to define activities, social relations, the self, the world, and the passage of time. All of these

26、 choices can influence preferences for how students and teachers relate to each other in the classroom. Within many Asian and Asian American cultures, teachers are highly respected. Students and parents would not openly and directly question the authority and statements of a teacher. .,C. Classroom

27、Participation,Some Native American children have a difficult time asking straightforward questions and looking directly at their teacher. Similarly, many Native American and Asian American students are unwilling to volunteer, speak out, or raise problems or concerns unless the teacher specifically c

28、alls on them by name. Korean students are often unwilling to talk with their teachers even when the teachers have incorrectly calculated the students scores on an exam,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,D. Turn Taking,Turn taking within the classroom is also governed by cultural expectations.

29、Watch how teachers in your various classes regulate the flow of conversations and contributions,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Cultures Influence on the Health Family and Gender Roles in the Health Care Context Conversational Structures and Language,D. The Health Care Context,Chapter 8 Cul

30、tural Influences on Context,Cultures Influence in the health,Microreligious Approach Naturalistic Approach Biomedical Approach.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influences on Context,Microreligious Approach,In the personalistic approach, health and illness are closely linked to supernatural forces. Mystical power

31、s, typically outside of human control, cause health and illness.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Naturalistic Approach,Illness is explained in systemic terms and occurs when organs in the body (such as the heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys) are out of balance with some aspect of nature.,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Biomedical Approach,People are thought to be controlled by biochemical forces,Chapter 8 Cultural Influence on Contexts,Family and Gender Roles in the Health C