高中英语语法定语从句总复习

1、高中英语语法定语从句总复习定义：用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系带词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句代替人代替物代替人或物主语Whowhich主语Whomwhichthat宾语Whose (=of whom)Whose (=of which)that例：This is the detective who came from London.例：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Har

2、dy.关系代词的用法(1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。例如： All the people that are burst into tears.（所有人都迸出眼泪。）(2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, most, no, some, very等词修饰，关系代词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。 (3) 非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语

3、用的关系代词也不能省略。There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.(4) which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that可指人或物

4、，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。(6) which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有某种特征品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以是限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。(8) 先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that。(9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如：Is

5、 there anyone here who will go with you?（在这的所有人中谁和你一起去？）关系代词which重要用法说明关系代词which只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定语从句中主要用作主语或宾语。如：She was not on the train which arrived just now. 她不在刚才到达的那列火车上。(关系代词which指train，在从句中用作主语)He never got back the money which he had lent him. 他从未收回他曾借给他的那笔钱。(关系代词which指money，在从句中用作宾语) which

6、用于引导限制性定语从句外，还可以引导非限制定语从句。如：The ship struck an iceberg, which tore a huge hole in her side. 船碰在一座冰山上，船帮被撞出一个大洞。She gave me this jumper, which she had knitted herself. 她送给我这件羊毛衫，这是她亲手织的。This machine, which I have looked after for twenty years, is still working perfectly. 这台机器我已经照管了20年，现在仍然没一点儿毛病。whic

7、h有时也可用作定语，尤其用于“介词+which+名词”这类结构中，此时的which含有this或that的意味。如：He may be busy, in which case Ill call later. 他可能忙，如若如此，我以后再来拜访。I may have to work late, in which case Ill telephone. 我可能得晚点下班，那样我会打电话的。He lost his temper, at which point I decided to go home. 他发脾气了，这时我就决定回家了。He was appointed Lord Chancellor,

8、 in which post he spent the rest of his life. 他被任命为大法官，在这个职位上度过了他的后半生。The postman comes at 6.30 in the morning, at which time I am usually fast asleep. 邮递员早晨6点30分来，这个时候我通常还睡着大觉呢。It was derived from Posidonius, for which reason much of its information may well have been out of date. 它源于鲍森杜尼尔斯。由于这个原因，

9、它的大部分信息很可能已经过时。有时其前也可以没有介词。如：He is studying economics, which knoweledge is very important today. 他学经济学，这种知识现今很重要。He spoke in Greek, which language I could only follow with difficulty. 他说希腊语，我听起来很吃力。 关系代词which有时可用于指人。原则上说，which用于指事物，不用于指人。但以下情况属于例外：1. 用于在指人的名词之后，指不强调性别的婴儿：He was the last child which

10、was born. 他是最后出生的孩子。(which指小孩) 2. 当不是指具体的某人，而是指人的属性（如职业、身份、地位、职务、品质、特征等）时，则也用关系代词 which而不用 who。如：They accused him of being a traitor, which he was. 他们指控他是叛徒，他真是叛徒。She talked like a native, which she hardly was. 她说起话来像是个本地人，其实她不见得是。 在非常正式的文体中，代词that后可以接一个修饰它的定语从句，这个定语从句通常用which来引导。如：They say the only

11、 real knowledge is that which can be measured. 据说唯一真实的知识是可以检验的知识。在现代英语中，that which通常用what来代替。如：We have that which (=what) we need. 我们需要的东西都有了。That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人说的话并不表示一定是真的。 “介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构(1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, abou

12、t, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.(3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has t

13、aken care of.（这是她曾今照顾的孩子。）2011年高考英语代词练习题及答案代词在近几年高考英语试题中的复现率为100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考英语的必考点。以下搜集整理供大家学习参考：不定代词one，the one，ones与that，those，it的用法区别。考点一、 考查one（s）， that， those， it的用法考点解读one泛指一个人或物？其复数形式为ones？ one和the one作同位语时，如果与其同位的词语是特指，则用the

14、one；如果是泛指，则用one，？that指代前面提到过的名词，常有后置定语？ that的复数形式是those？ that可指代单数可数名词（= the one）， 也可指代不可数名词，或指代前面提到过的一件事？it可指代前面提到过的一 个名词，如例7；指代一件事，如例8；指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人，也可指代时间？天气？距离等0？考点二、考查all， both， either， neither， none， no one的用法考点解读both表示“两个人或物都”，具有肯定含义； either表示“两者中的 任何一个”，如例13； neither表示“两者都不”？all表示“全部”，指三者或

15、三者以上的人或物，；all也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”， none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”，在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none， no one表示“没有一个人”，考点三、考查another， the other， others， the others的用法考点解读another泛指 三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个，如例19？ another还可以作形容词，表示“另一个的”the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个others和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物”the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”，如例23？如果被

16、指代的名词是不可数名词，则用the rest替代，考点四、考查（a） little， （a） few， some， any的用法考点解读few和little可用作代词和形容词？ few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数？ few有否定含义， a few有肯定含义， little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词？ little有否定含义， a little含肯定含义，？some和any表示“一些”，可用作代词和形容词？ some用于肯定句，如例31； any用于否定句？疑问句和条件句中， some也可用于疑问句，如例32和例33； any也可用于肯定陈述句中，表示“任何一个”，考点

17、五、 考查something， somebody， someone， anything， anybody， anyone， nothing， nobody， everything， everybody的用法及它们与else的搭配考点解读由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致？nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定？无论在肯定句？否定句还是疑问句中， everything和everyone （everybody） 都表示“全部，所有”？不定代词后跟else时，表示“另外的，其他的”；形容词修饰so mething/anything/nothing时

18、，应置于不定代词之后？以上不定代词连写时，不和of连用，every one可和of连用？精选试题 名校模拟题及其答案1. I agree with most of what you said， but I dont agree with _.A. everything B. anything C. something D. noth ing2. “What do you think of them？” “I dont know _ is better， so Ive taken _ of them.”A. what， both B. what， noneC. which， both D. wh

19、ich， none3. “Would you like a cup of coffee or a glass of beer？” “_ will do， but milk is _ popular with me.”A. Neither，not B. Both，more C. Either， the most D. All， the most4. I read about it in some book or other， does it matter _ it was？A. where B. what C. how D. which5“Who told you？” “Oh， somebody

20、 or other， Ive forgotten _.”A. what B. when C. which D. who6.Some of the students were late for the meeting， but I cant remember _.A. what B. when C. which D. whom7. These trousers are dirty and wet Ill change into my _.A. another B. trousers C. others D. other8. Her lecture was hard to follow becau

21、se she kept jumping from one subject to _.A. other B. the other C. the others D. another9. There are four bedrooms， _ with its own bathroom.A. all B. each C. every D. either10. “ Its said that he is a wise leader.” “Oh， no， he is _ but a wise leader.”A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere11.I

22、didnt make clear when and where the sports meet would be held.A.this B that C it D one12 To tell you the truth.。really dont like when people talk with you with their eyes stating into the sky.A.which B that C it D.what13.一Which one can I take？一You can take of them；Ill keep none.A.both B.any C.either

23、 D.all14.一Which coat would you prefer.sir？一Ill take ，to have n change sometimes.A.allthem B.them dl C.both them D them b0Ih15.The movie is boring；it is，in fact，rather exeiting and interestingA anything but B nothing but C no more D all but16 Alan sold most of his belongings.He has hardly left in the

24、 houseA.everything B.anything C.nothing D something17.I have been lived in Shanghai for two years.butI havent covered of the cityA.anything B.much C many D plenty18.She kept looking behind to see if she was being followedA her B.herself C.her own D.she19.All of us want very much to see these recomme

25、nded movies，especially you referred to jusl now.A as B which C the one D that20.If a studem can make what has been learned whether in class of from social practice ，he will make steady progress.A he B him C himself D his21.一Do you want tea or coffee？一 really dont mindA.None B Neither C Either D All2

26、2.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than four percent.A.any other B the other C another D other23.The manager was very angry，for he had sent his business partner two thousand machines yesterdy，half of unqualified.A.whom B what C them D.which24一Did you visit many places while you were

27、 in Canada？一Yes，A.afew quite B only few C .only afew D quite few25 In somecountries， is callede quality does not really mean equal rights for all peopleA that B what C which D how26一May I have a glass of beer.please？一Beer？Sorry，there is left，but would you mind having，some juice instead？A none B.no o

28、ne C nothing D few27.一When can we goto visit you？一Anytime you feel likeA.one B it C so D thal28 We need a more capable leader， with strong will as well as good humour.A who B.that C.one D.which29.The number 2008 is a special number， I think，that will be remembered hy the Chinese forever.A.which B wh

29、a t C one D.it30.一How do you like his wife？一She is like a good housekeeper，for the childrens room is always in a terrible mess.A Somebody B nobody C something D .nothing答案与解析1解析此题应选 A，注意前文的 I agree with most of what you said（我同意你说的大部分内容），其后的not 与 everything 构成部分否定，意为“不是所有的都同意”，前后两部分用转折连词 but 连接，语气通顺

30、、连贯。2解析最佳答案为C.做好此题的关键是要注意句中的 better 一词，由于better 用的是比较级，说明比 较的对象应是两者，由此可推知第二空应填both；另一方面，由于所谈论的是两者，说明选择范围比较窄、比较明确，所以第一空应填 which.3解析做对此题的关键是要注意到下文提到的 milk既不是 coffee 也不是 beer，而是除这两者外的第三者，故第二空应填 the most，即此题最佳答案为C.4解析此题答案选D，主要与上文的some book or other （某一本书）这一语境有关，全句句意为：“我在某一本书上读到过它，是哪一本书这很重要吗？”5解析此题最佳答案为D

31、.句意为：“谁告诉你的？”“噢，有个人，我忘记是哪一个了。”6解析此题最佳答案为C.句意为“有些学生开会迟到了，但我不记得是哪些学生了”。7解析最佳答案为C.是从语法上看，another 后通常接单数名词，而不接trousers 这样的复数名词（若用 another pair 则可以）；也不能选 trousers 是因为填它句子意思不通。最佳答案应选C，others 相当于 other trousers，其中的 other 与前面的 these 相对照。 8解析最佳答案为D.使用one the other 时，我们通常是针对两者而言的，即指“两者中的一个，另一个”；如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者

32、而言的，而是针对多者而言的，那么我们就不宜在 one 后使用 the other，而考虑用 another.9解析此题容易误选A，认为既然前面出现了 four bedrooms，故填 all 与之对应。其实，此题的最佳答案应为B，原因是空格后的隐藏信息 its，它表示空格处应填一个单数代词，但是不能选C，因为 every 不能这样单独使用。10解析正确答案应选A.因为 anything but 是习语，意为“根本不是”或“一点也不”，不仅可用于事物，也可用于人。如：Ill do anything but that. 我绝不会干那种事。The party was anything but a s

33、uccess. 晚会根本不成功。Her fathe r was anything but a poet. 她父亲根本不是诗人。Such a man was anything but a hero. 那样的人绝不算英雄。11 C.解析it代替后面的when and where引导的从句。其他选项均无此用法。12 C.解析考查代词。1t指代空格后面的内容。13 D.解析考查不定代词的用法。句中的none说明所拿走的东西至少有三个，而且后句表示可以全部拿走，所以答案选D.14 D.解析句中的prefer说明是在两者之间进行选择，排除A、B.both修饰代词或名词应为botll of them或the

34、y both.所以答案应为D.15 A.解析考查代词短语。anything but t表示根本不，决不；nothing but仅仅，只有，all but几乎，差不多。由下文实际上，这个电影相当令人兴奋和有趣可知，上句应为这个电影根本不乏味。故答案选A.16 B.解析从题意可知。Alan把大部分财产都变卖了，房里几乎没有什幺东西了。用anything与否定词连用，hardly anything=nothing，故答案选B.17 B.解析表示整体中的一部分，且这个整体是单数或不可数名词时，前面的代词用much.故答案选B.18.B.解析此处表示往自己身后看。故用反身代词作宾语。19 C.解析考查代

35、词的用法。The one特指you referred to jusl now.。20 D.解析句意为如果一个学生能将无论是通过课堂还是社会实践学到的东西变成自己的东西，他将会取得稳定的进步。此处是名词性物主代词，作宾语补足语。故答案选D.2l C.解析考查代词none，neither，either，all的用法。根据上句可知，此处是在两者之间进行选择，而且从后一句的我真的不介意可知回答者的意思是两者中哪一个都可以，所以答案选C.22 C.解析考查不定代词的用法。题干中的意思是价格不会再增长超过4。any other任一其他的；the other（两者中）另外一个；another另外。又，放在数

36、词前面；other表示另外，和more一样，要放在数字的后面。故答案选C.23 C.解析考查人称代词作独立主格的逻辑主语。句意：经理非常生气，因为他已发给他商业伙伴两千台机器，其中一半有质量问题。half of unqualified.是独立主格结构，half of 是unqualified的逻辑主语，of是介词，所以此处要用宾格。24 C.解析quite修饰名词时要放在冠词前，排除选项A，选项B、D都表示几乎设有的意思，只有选项c表示有几个。根据下句的肯定回答可知答案选c.25 B.解析此处为what引导名词性从句，what在从句中作主语。26 A，解析 此处none指代none of th

37、e beer，其他选项均不符合句意。27 B.解析lt用来指代上文所提到的内容。28.C.解析考查代词辨析。此处应用one作a more capable leader的同位语。句意：我们需要一个更有能力的领导，一个意志坚定又富有幽默感的领导。29 C.解析这里one指代前面的a special number，hat will be remembered hy the Chines e forever.是修饰one的定语从句，I think是插入语。30 D.解析根据下文for the childrens room is always in a terrible mess.可知，D为正确答案，考

38、生应注意对She is nothing like a good housekeeper的正确理解，其意思是：她完全不像是一个好主妇。二、关系副词引导的定语从句1关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间地点或原因，在 that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，引导词同先行词之间一

39、般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2关系代词和关系副词的选择依据(1) 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3.先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.四、As在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限

40、制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（）as 也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which。例如：The elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.(）the same that与 the same as在意思上是不同的。2As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is expected, the England

41、 team won the football match.定语从句专练习题讲解1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; thatB. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen. A. whenB. where C. that D. on w

42、hich3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. whereB. when C. whichD. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ . A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to as

43、k him D. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephonenumber is provided. A. whichB. in which C. of whichD. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget. A. when B. that C

44、. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely. A. whenB. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. whichB. where C. when D. what9. I hope that t

45、he little _ I have been able to do does good to them all. A. whichB. what C. thatD. when10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside. A. asB. when C. untilD. before11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it. A. I

46、t B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life. A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store. A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this

47、 of which 14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world. A. that B. what C. which D. as15. The people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross. A. all whose homes B. all of whose homes C. all their homes D. all of their homes 16. The humans are destroying natu

48、re day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. A. who B. when C. on which D. which17. Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year?A. where B. that C. the one that D. the one where18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the o

49、ld _ they swam in it. A. when B. that C. who D. where19. The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lift. A. that B. as C. which D. and20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken English. A. that B. this C. which D. same 答案与解析：1. A. 主语与run(延伸)是主动关系，所以用现在分词。Th

50、ose指街道，所以不用who而用that来引导定语从句。2. B. 因为在此题中where引导定语从句，表示“在这种种况下”，与in which相当。3. A. 因为先行词是Beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引导定语从句。4. B. 答案B是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，另外，to后还省略了动词原形paint。5. C. 因为of which引导定语从句，并在从句中作定语。of which the telephone number = whose telephone number。6. D. 因为这是个非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面一句话的内容。7. B. 因为表示

51、“阶段、程度、地步”的the point在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导定语从句。8. B. 因为先行词是research centers并在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。9. C. 因为当先行词是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等时，多用that引导定语从句。10. 因为先行词是the time，且在定语从句中作状语，所以用when引导。此题的先行词与定语从句被主句谓语分开了，要善于辨别。11. B. 先行词是Taiwan is a part of China整个主句，一般由as或which引导定语从句，但which引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which没有，所以用as。顺便说说，原句改为：It is known to everybody that Taiwan is= What is known to everybody is th