名词性从句高考七大考点.ppt

1、a,1,语法名词性从句,noun clause,a,2,英语句子的种类,简单句 (simple sentence),并列句 (compound sentence),复合句 (complex sentence),英语句子概论,a,3,简单句的五种基本句型,The weather is very cold. 主语+谓语（连系动词）+表语 He laughed. 主语+谓语（vi.） I like Chinese food. 主语+谓语(vt.)+宾语 She taught them physics. 主语+谓语(vt.)+间接宾语+直接宾语 We must keep the room warm.

2、主语+谓语(vt.) +宾语+宾语补足语,a,4,并列句 把两个或几个简单句用并列连词连接起来。,I turned on the TV. My sister and I watched it. I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it. I bought my sister a present. She didnt like it. I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词:,平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词:,and

3、, bothand, not only but also, neithernor,but, however, while, yet,or,eitheror,for, so,a,5,复合句:主句+从句,名词性从句 定语从句 状语从句,1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom,2.Because it is raining ,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know (that)he is from America,(宾语从句）,名词性从句-,a,6,Noun Clauses (名词性从句),Subject

4、Clause (主语从句),Appositive Clause （同位语从句）,Object Clause （宾语从句）,Predicative Clause （表语从句）,a,7,Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同

5、位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,a,8,名词性从句考点归纳,1. 引导词 2. 语序问题 3. 时态问题 4. 主谓一致问题 5. 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 6. it做形式主语、形式宾语的用法 7. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别,a,9,名词性从句的引导词,(1)从属连词,that,whether,if,只起连接作用， 不充当从句中的任何成分。,(2)连接代词,who(ever),whom(ever),whose(ver),which(ever),what(ever),既起连接作用， 本身又在从句中做成分,(3)连接副词,when,why,where,how，,how

6、 many，,how much，,既起连接作用， 本身又在从句中做状语。,a,10,一、that,从属连词that本身无意义，在名词性从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用。,1、宾语从句,Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.,Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. I think it necessary that you should read E

7、nglish aloud.,a,11,规则一： 1.当宾语从句由连词that引导，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。,2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略： （1）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省； （2）当that从句作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。 （3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句, that不可省掉。,a,12,温馨提示： 在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。,Im sorry (th

8、at) I dont know . Were sure (that) our team will win . Im afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .,a,13,_ is certain. （我们将迟到了） 2. _ is a pity. (你错过了这次机会) My dream is _ (我将来有我自己的公司) 4. Ive come from Mr Wang with a message _ (他今天下午不能来看你了),That we shall be late,That you missed the chance,that I will have

9、my own company,that he wont be able to see you this afternoon,主语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,a,14,规则二： 当主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句由连词that引导时，that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，但是不可以省略。,a,15,1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I dont know _ he is well or not. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well.

10、5. I dont know _ to go. 6. _ the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.,if / whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,二、whether/if,a,16,_ he is free now is certain . The problem is _ we can get there on time. He must answer the question _ he agrees to it or not.,Whether,whether,whe

11、ther,a,17,规则： 1.宾语从句由连词whether或if引导，表 “是否”，常可互换，不能省略。,2. if/whether的区别： 1)当有or not时就用whether,不用if. 2)介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. 3)whether 可与动词不定式连用，if 不能。 4)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中, 只能用whether,不能用if.,a,18,三、what,_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 2. He is no longer _ he was. 3. A modern city has b

12、een set up in _was a wasteland ten years ago. 4. After _ seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 5. Our income is now double _ it was ten years ago. 6. Do you know _ he said just now?,What,what,what,what,what,what,a,19,规则： what引导名词性从句，除了表示“什么”，还可以表示： 表示“的东西或事情”； “的人或的样子” （身份或地位） 的地方 的时间 的

13、数量或数目,a,20,Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ it is. 任何最后离开房间的人应该把灯关掉。 _ought to turn off the light. 他的问题是哪个学生英语最好。 His question is _ at English 哪个最喜欢就拿哪个。 Take _,who,Whoever leaves the room last,which student is the best,whichever you like,a,21,Could you show me _ I can reach the statio

14、n? 我们就是这样克服困难的. That was _ we overcame the difficulties I have no idea _ he has gone. 这就是我不同意的地方. This is _ I disagree . 这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因. This is _ she got up so early this morning. _ he didnt come is still unknown to us. _is under discussion 我们什么时候开始开会 Many students say that their time at unive

15、rsity is _ they can experience pure love.,how,how,where,where,why,Why,When well begin the meeting,when,a,22,规则： Wh-引导表语从句时，它们通常不含有疑问意 义，而是分别体现具体的地点、时间、原因和 方式。,a,23,名词性从句的语序,His brother asks _ the library . 他什么时候去图书馆 I dont know what is the matter the trouble wrong with him.,名词性从句中，除了连接词要提到句首之 外，一律要用

16、陈述句语序。,when he will go to,a,24,2. Our physics teacher once told us that light _ （ travel ） faster than sound.,travels,总结归纳：,c.主句的动词用一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用各种时态,1. He said that he will go to the station. .,3. Tom says that Mary _ (go) abroad last year and _ (be) there for nearly 5 months.,a.主句的动词用过去时，从句谓语动

17、词用过去的某种时态,b.主句的动词用过去时，从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语等 ，从句谓语动词用一般现在时,went,has been,would,名词性从句的时态,a,25,When the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown.,单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用_形式

18、。,总结归纳：,单数,复数,has,When they will start and where they will go_(be)still unknown.,When and where the meeting will begin _ (have) not been decided yet .,are,has,单数,名词性从句的主谓一致,a,26,名词性从句(主)的虚拟语气,It is ordered that he _(take) the examination. It is strange that he _ (tell) you this.,should take,tell,基本句

19、型：It is +形容词、名词、过去分词+ that . + (should) do a. It is important (necessary, natural, strange, advisable etc)+that b. It is a pity( a shame, no wonder etc)+that c. It is suggested (ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted etc)+that,a,27,We suggested that the meeting _(put off),总结归纳：,表

20、示建议、要求、命令,坚持等动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order后的从句谓语动词用 _,注意suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示 “坚持认为”之意时，从句按需要来选择时态,(should) + do/be done,The smile on his face suggested that he _(was/be/is)satisfied with our work.,was,名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气,be put off,a,28,a. I wish I _(know)

21、the answer now.,b. I wish he _(pass) the exam yesterday.,c. I wish I _ (fly) to the moon in a few years.,对现在虚拟时，that从句中谓语用过去时,对过去虚拟时，用had过去分词,对将来虚拟时，用would (might等)动词原形,knew,had passed,would fly,总结归纳：,名词性从句（宾）的虚拟语气,a,29,在 suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice 等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即_,His

22、 suggestion that you _ (try)once more sounds reasonable. 2. The order given by the commander was that they _ (not stop)until the commander allowed they to.,总结归纳：,(should) + do/be done,名词性从句（表、同）的虚拟语气,(should) try,(should) not stop,a,30,名词性从句中it做形式宾语、形式主语,找出下列句子中的错误,1. I think that worthwhile that we

23、 spent so much money on these books. 2. That is hard to decide when and where we will hold our sports meeting.,it,形式宾语,It,形式主语,总结归纳：,当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用it作为形式主语置于句首。it 也可作形式宾语。,后置,a,31,用it 作形式主语的结构,(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2

24、) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It be+ 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说,a,32,We think it important that we learn a foreign language. We consider it

25、our duty to clean our classroom every day. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语。为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为： 6123结构 6 指主句中常用的动词：think, believe, make, find, consider, feel ； 1 指的是形式宾语it ； 2 指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词 ； 3 指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that 引导的宾语从句。,a,33,同位语从句和定语从句的区别,We expressed the hope that they had expected. We expressed the hope

26、 that they would come to visit China again.,定语从句,同位语从句,The question who helped us out of difficulty remains to be answered. The question which seems so strange remains to be answered.,同位语从句,定语从句,1、同位语从句: 说明名词的内容, wh-表示疑问, that不做成分, 不能省略 2、定语从句: 说明名词的性质特征, wh-不表示疑问。引导词做句子成分, 做宾语可以省略,a,34,判断:定语从句or同位语

27、从句,1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. 4.The news that we got last week is true. 5.The q

28、uestion that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),a,35,Thank you!,a,36,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,a,37,what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever,that, whether,as if/as though,when, where, how, why.because,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动

29、词有be, look, remain, seem,表语从句,The question is _we can rely on him. Thats _we were in need of money at that time . He looked _he was going to cry . Thats _I was late .,whether,because,as if,why,a,38,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable

30、 to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. when,a,39,appositive Clauses 同位语从句,a,40,同位语从句 1. 跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。 常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope

31、, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。Suggestion, suggest order demand wish等 2. 常用连词：that; when, where, why, how,e.g. 1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。,Word came that Napoleon would come and inspect his grand army.,Its the question how he did it.,3同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义，不可省。,2.问题是他如何做这件事的,4.在have no i

32、dea之后用wh-引导同位语从句,I have no idea where he has gone. I have no idea when he did it. I have no idea what he did.,a,41,1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./ The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./ We heard the news last

33、 night.,_,The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,_,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.,a,42,4.Time travel is possible./ There is no scientific proof for the idea.,5.Chinese students should be

34、 given more free time./ The suggestion is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./ Many British parents hold the view.,_,Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,_,There is no scientific proo

35、f for the idea that time travel is possible.,_,_,The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school.,a,43,1.We expressed the hope that they had expected. 2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.,定语从句,同位语

36、从句,3. 连词that在同位语从句中不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当宾语时可以省略。,区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：,1.引导同位语的连词that在句中不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中， that充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语等,2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为“.的”,3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.,1.The news that our team has won the game was true.,2.The news that he told m

37、e yesterday was true,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,a,44,判断:定语从句or同位语从句,1.The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is

38、true. 4.The news that we got last week is true. 5.The question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.,(定语从句),(同位语从句),(同位语从句),(定语从句),(定语从句),a,45,1. _made the school proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities . A What / because B What / that C That / what D

39、That / because 2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons . A What / why B That / what C What / because D Why / that,B,A,B,3. He is absent from school . It is _ he is seriously ill. A. why B. because C. that D. the reason,4 _has helped to save the drownin

40、g girl is worth praising . A Who B The one C Anyone D Whoever,5. Information has been put forward _ more graduates will be admitted into universities . A that B how C where D what,D,A,a,46,6 - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week . - Is that _you had a few days off ? A why B when C what D wh

41、ere 7 -Are you still thinking about yesterdays game ? - Oh ,thats _. A what makes me feel excited B whatever I feel excited about C how I feel about it D when I feel excited,A,A,a,47,._ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect . A What B That C Thi

42、s D Which 10. When you answer questions in a job interview ,please remember the golden rule : Always give the monkey exactly _ he wants . A what B which C when D that 11. We made the suggestion that he _ his work . A continues B continue C continued D had continued,B,A,B,a,48,12.There will be a spec

43、ial price for _ buys things in large number here. A. who B. whom C. whoever D. Whomever 13. Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game . why B. what C. who D. that (05) 14.The poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. (05) A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. wheneve

44、r,a,49,14.Many newspaper printed the governors statement _ would support a tax cut. and he B. was that he C which he D that he 15._ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. Which B. How C. What D. That 16.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. However B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever,a,50,16. Sh