初中语法复习：定语从句

1、I like quiet music.,I like music that is quiet.,定语从句,1. 什么是定语从句？ 2. 什么是先行词？ 3. 什么是关系代词和关系副词？如何确定？ 4. 如何把两个句子合并为一个定语从句？,Think about it,在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句。,定语从句,先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 定语从句一般放在先行词后面。,关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为 关系代词（that, which, who, whom, whose)和 关系副词（when, where, why)。关系代词在从 句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成

2、分，关系副词 在句中作状语。,I like music that / which I can dance to.,先行词,关系代词,定语从句,I like the singer who is beautiful.,I like the movie that is funny.,找一找,I still remember the first time when I met her.,I have an apple.,An apple is red.,I have an apple,that is red.,修饰先行词 an apple,I have some friends.,Some frien

3、ds like sports.,I have some friends,who like sports.,修饰先行词 friends,I like the movie. The movie is exciting.,I like the movie that is exciting .,that 修饰先行词movie,The woman who lives next door is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,The woman lives next door.,who修饰先行词woman,关系代词如何引导定语从句 普通代词与关系代词的区别 I hav

4、e a sister.She works in Shanghai. 代替 sister 普通代词：只起代替的作用（如上例she) I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai. 关系代词： （如上例who/that）,1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）,The building is our school. The building stands by the river.,关系代词的使用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常密切，因为关系代词在定语从句中代替主句中的先行词，所以

5、它在一般情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必须和先行词一致。,The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词 关系词 定语从句,which/that 是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接 起来。,关系词判 断 步 骤 : 1.要看先行词；2.要确定关系词在从句中的成分。,定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday

6、is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间), The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling., The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face.,The boy who/that is smiling is Tom. (主语),The boy who /that has a round face is Tom.,

7、The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me.,The boy who/that sits in front of me is Tom., The man is kind. Everyone likes him.,The man (who/whom/that) everyone likes is kind., The woman got the job. We saw her on the street.,The woman (who/whom/that) we saw on the street got the job., The teacher will g

8、ive us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday.,The teacher (who/whom/that) we met yesterday will give us a talk.,关系代词,1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）,The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2.whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如 介词提前则不能省),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr.

9、Li.,The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.,关系代词,3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。,Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.,I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is r

10、ed is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small,The apple which is green is big.,Can you find the pen? I wrote with it just now.,Can you find the pen with which I wrote just now?,Can you find the pen (which) I wrote with just now?,4.which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾 语可省略,如介词提前则不能省),

11、These are the trees which were planted last year.,The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.,Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,1)This is the hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is th

12、e hero(that) we are proud of .,2)The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big.,注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at ,关系代词与介词: 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 用whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略),The room where I live is very big.,定语从句只能用

13、 that , 不用 which的情况：,当先行词是 all, any, few, little, none, anything, everything, nothing , everybody, nobody, everyone, no one 等不定代词或被它们 修饰时。 Thats all that I know. Is there anything that I can do for you? He answered few questions that the teacher asked. 2. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 That is the most interest

14、ing book that I have read.,The first thing that I should do is to review my lessons. 3. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时。 Thats the only thing that I can do now. These are the very words that he used. 4. 当主句以 who 或 which开头时，定语从句的 关系词用 that, 而不用 which 或 who. Who is the girl that spoke to you jus

15、t now? Which is the pen that you lost ?,5. 先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that. The man and his dog that I always meet are standing by the gate. I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.,关系代词只用who,不用that 的情况： 1.先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign u

16、p here. Is there anyone who wants to go there? 2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you. There are many young men who are against him.,关系副词,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样,在从句中代替先行词,在句中作状语。,1.where:在从句中作地点状语,指代地点.,The hotel wasnt clean. We stayed at the hotel.,The hotel where w

17、e stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel (which) we stayed at wasnt clean.,2.when: 在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。 Ill never forget the day. I joined the Party on that day. Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party. Ill never forget the day on which I joined the Party . 3.why

18、 : 在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。 We wants to know the reason. He was late for school. We wants to know the reason why he was late for school. We wants to know the reason for which he was late for school.,Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空,The boy _ is playing ping-pong is my classmate. The e-mail _ I received yesterday was from

19、 my sister. I hate people _ talk much but do little. The car _ my father bought last month is very beautiful.,who / that,which/ that,who / that,which / that,5. The man _ hair is white is his grandfather. 6. Is there a student _ father is a business man? 7. This is the house in _ we have lived for 10

20、 years. 8.Ive never heard of the people and things _ you talked about just now.,whose,whose,which,that,当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.,1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whom D. this 2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. / 3. The gir

21、l _ you saw in the street is Mary. A. that B. whose C. which D. as,A,C,A,定语从句练习,4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. which C. who D. whom 5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday? A. the one B. that C. which D. / 6. The only language _ is easy t

22、o learn is the mother tongue. A. which B. that C. / D. it,B,A,B,定语从句练习,7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police. A. which B. in which C. that D. all 8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised. A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who 9. Please show me

23、the book _ you bought yesterday. A. which B. whom C. whose D. this,C,C,A,定语从句练习,10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year. A. who B. whom C. which D. / 11. This is the only article of these that _ written by him. A. was B. were C. is D. are 12. The man _ was here just now is

24、a doctor. A. whom B. who C. / D. he,D,C,B,定语从句练习,13. The boy _ has two lovely dogs. A. who live next door B. which lives next door C. whom lives next door D. that lives next door 14. Those _ made no mistakes in todays exercises please raise your hands. A. which B. whom C. that D. who 15. The farm _

25、we stayed last week is a lovely place for a holiday. A. when B. where C. that D. at that,D,D,B,定语从句练习,16. He is the most careful boy _ I know. A. what B. which C. as D. / 17. This is the school _ Mr. Smith once taught. A. in that B. when C. where D. there 18. Have you visited the house _ the famous

26、scientist was born? A. where B. in that C. that D. which,D,C,A,定语从句练习,19. The factory _ Mr. Li used to work was closed last week. A. when B. where C. that D. which 20. Do you still remember the day _ we first met? A. that B. when C. what D. on that,B,B,定语从句练习,21. October 1,1949 is the day _ well nev

27、er forget. A. when B. that C. where D. in which 22. October 1,1949 was the day _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. A. which B. when C. where D. in which 23. Is this the shop _ sells childrens clothing? A. which B. where C. in which D. what,B,B,A,定语从句练习,24. Is this museum _ they visited last month? A. that B. which C. where D. the one 25. I still remember the sitting-room _ my mother and I used to sit in the evening. A. what B. which C. that D. where,D,D,定语从句练习,26. Have you seen the girl _? A. that I told B. I told you of