初中英语被动语态ppt课件

1、被动语态,语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。,动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被动句时，原来的宾语变成了主语，原来的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动

2、句与被动句的结构虽然不同，但动作的执行者和承受者的关系并没有改变。,用法：口诀1,被动特点强调宾，（语） 用be加上过去分。（词） 行为对象作主语， 逻辑主语by来引。 1.English is spoken in Canada. 2.The blouse is made of silk. 3.English is spoken by many people.,口诀2,谁做的动作不知道， 说出谁做的没必要。 动作承受者需强调， 用被动语态莫忘了。 1.Some stamps were stolen last week. 2.The PRC was founded on October 1,19

3、49. 3.Football is played in most middle schools.,口诀3,被动语态须留意 P.P前面助动be. be+P.P am(is,are)现在时，am(is,are)+P.P was和were表过去。 was(were)+P.P 完成have(has)been. have(has)been+P.P 将来，情态，be原形。 will(can,may,must)be+P.P 进行时态两个be, 前表时态后加ing. am(is,are)+being+P.P,一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在

4、进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can / must / have tobe done,He is regarded as a brilliant. 他被认为很有才气。,This book was written in 1969. 这本书是1969年写成的。,The broken

5、bike is being repaired now. 那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。,He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。,The pen has been used for several years. 这支钢笔已经用了几年。,He said the factory had been opened . 他说这家工厂已经开张。,The work will be finished in three hours. 工作将于三小时后完成。,The baby must be looked af

6、ter well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。,在被动句中有时用by- 词组，有时不用。一般来说，当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚，不甚重要或难以说出时，通常不用by。但有时为了强调动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须使用 by 词组。例如：,(一) 主动句与被动句的转换,1含有单宾语的主动句的转换：,Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特是莎士比亚写的。,People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。,当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。,1) 用先行的i

7、t作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；,2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。,English is spoken almost all over the world.,People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。,2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换,I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be

8、 an honest one.,Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).,The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).,五.含双宾语的主动结构变被动结构： 可以将一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动 当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前加to或for 1.My mother gave me a pencil. -I was given a pencil by my mother. -A pencil was given to me by my mother. 2.Father bought me a

9、 new coat. -I was bought a new coat . -A new coat was bought for me. 口诀4：如遇双宾语，最好变间宾。 如若变直宾，be done后加to(或for),3. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换。,They have never listened to him.,人家从不听他的话。,表示被动意义的主动句：,Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。 Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的苹果容易摘下来。,He has never been listened to.,Rewrite the followin

10、g sentences in the passive voice.(用被动语态改写下列各句)：,1) They are serving breakfast between eight and ten oclock.,Breakfast is being served between eight and ten oclock.,2) People were talking about the unusually hot weather.,The unusually hot weather was being talked about .,3) His father allows him a li

11、ttle money every month.,A little money is allowed to him by his father every month.,4) The teacher will give you some instructions.,Some instructions will be given to you. You will be given some instructions.,II. Rewrite the following sentences in the active voice. (用主动语态改写下列句子),1) Many changes can

12、be seen by the year 2008.,People can see many changes by the year 2008.,2) This letter neednt to be typed.,You neednt type this letter.,注意：有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。,一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如：,School begins in September. The stores in this area open later

13、 at weekends than at weekdays.,二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run, lock等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：,The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. The bookshelf hardly sells.,三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：,Do you like the mat

14、erial? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,Your idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct.,四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1. 在need, require, want(需要)等动词后，表示某物(人)要进行处理时，后接动名词一般式的主动形式作宾语表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：,Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (

15、=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,C,2. be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,His suggestion is not worth considering.,五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,1. 不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。例如：,The next train to arrive was from New York.,2. 作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代词

16、有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。,Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today.,3. 用在作表语或宾语补足语的形容词后面的不定式，如果与句子的主语或宾语有动宾关系时，一般用主动形式。例如：,His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get along with?,(间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语),(主语I是to do的逻辑主语),(状语to follow与主

17、语有动宾关系),(不定式与宾语有动宾关系),1. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 2. On June 11th, 2013,Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful

18、launch. A. sent up B. are sent up C. was sent up 3. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 4. The sports meeting _next month. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held 5. Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The b

19、ook you ask for_ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 6. Annie to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D. has invited,7. Han Hans books are popular. They by many teenagers. A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read 8. Teen

20、agers allowed to drive. A. should not be B. should be not C. not should be 9. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. A. offer B. are offered C. have offered D. are offering 10. I want to borrow the book, but I dont know ho

21、w long it may _. For two weeks. A. keep B. be borrowed C. borrow D. be kept 11. Many trees _on the streets every year. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 12. Didnt you see the sign No Parking! on the right? Sorry, I didnt. But now I know parking here. A.

22、 wasnt allowed B. isnt allowed C. wont allow D. doesnt allow,13.Have you finished your project? Not yet. Ill finish it if I _ ten more minutes. A. give B. am given C. will give D. will be given,14.Alice some advice on how to improve her listening skills, and she gladly accepted Miss Greens. A. gave B. was given C. gives D. is given,15.The child without parents _ good care of by his teachers in this special school. A.