高三英语语法总复习介词

1、专题十 介词和介词短语,语法专题,介词 ( preposition ),一 介词的分类与语法功能,介词是虚词， 不能单独做句子成分， 必须与名词、 代词（ 或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、或从句 ） 构成介词短语，在句子中充当一个成分。,介词分为： 简单介词: at, in, on, for, to,合成介词: within, inside, onto, throughout,短语介词: according to, out of , because of, by means of, in spite of, instead of,双重介词 ： from behind /above / under

2、 , until after,分词介词 ：considering , including , judging from /by,1、表示时间的介词 (1) at，on，in I will have lunch _ 12:00. I have a meeting _ the afternoon of his arrival. There was a poet called Li Bai _ the Tang Dynasty.,二、 核心介词用法解析,at,on,in,It rained heavily in last night.,(2) for，during，through I have st

3、udied _ 4 years. He died _ the war. She kept quiet all _ breakfast.,for,during,through,for： 指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间 during：在期间 through：一直（从开头到结束）,(3) from，since I work _ 7:00 am to 5pm. Ive been waiting _ ten oclock from: 只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，不表示什么时候结束。 since：既可用作介词，也可用作连词，常表示某动作或情况自某时开始，一直持续到说话时刻。,since,fro

4、m,(4)till，until _ 2004, she lived in Canada. It is not _ then that he realizes the importance of health. Keep up the struggle _ you succeed. till (until)与持续动词连用一般用于肯定句中，与短暂动词连用一般用在否定句中。 注意：在句首出现或强调句型中一般不用till而用until。,Until,until,until/till,(5) in，later，after I will go to Shanghai _ three weeks. Ten

5、minutes _ she looked again and saw a body on the road. He left there _ two oclock that afternoon,in,later,after,in + 一段时间, “在之内”，常用一般将来时。 after “在之后”，其后既可接时间点，又可接时间段。 一段时间 later,2、表示地点、方位的介词 at，in he works _ a shop. she lived _ the UK. at 在较小的场所，in在较大的场所 (2)on，at，in，off还可以表示两地的相对位置。 若A地属于B地，用in；A地位于

6、B地的外面且有边缘衔接，用on；无边缘的衔接，用to；A在B附近，用off。,at,in,(3)across, through across在物体表面“穿过”；through则表示在三维空间内部“穿过”。 (4) over，above, under，below over，above译作“在之上”；under，below译作“在的下面”，其区别在于over，under表示一种直接的、垂直的上下关系；而above，below则表示一般的“高于”或“低于”，不一定是垂直“在上”或“在下”。,(5) in front of，in the front of She spent hours _the mi

7、rror, combing through her long hair. There is a window _ my room. in front of通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在前面”； in the front of通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在的前部”。,in front of,in the front of,(6) near, beside, by , next to,三个词都是“在旁边，在附近，靠近”的意思： 但是表示远近时候还是有区别的。从近到一般近到最近为到：near beside/by next to,3、表示方

8、式、手段、 工具 的介词 ：by, through, with, in He moved the huge stone _ hand. Please retell the fairy story _ English. We can see _our eyes. I want to go to Beijing _ plane. He got his job_ this advertisement.,by,in,by,through,with,by表示泛指的方式或手段，也常指交通工具 with常与工具或人体器官连用 in常与语言、材料、文字等连用 through 常指通过某种中介,at a spe

9、ed price of “以 速度 价格”,4、表示“除之外”的常用词。 besides 除以外(还有)。作副词时意思是“而且，更何况”。 except除去，除之外(不再有)。 except for除了(对句子主题进行细节校正或附加说明)，后接名词、代词或what从句。 except that 句子.除了一点以外。 but与except but和except在表示“除了以外”时可以通用。 apart from, in addition to 除以外(还有),5、among 表示“在之中”，三者或以上 between 表示“在之间”，强调两者之间,6、表原因的介词 for，because of，

10、due to, owing to ,thanks to , on account of,7、不定式复合结构中的for，of 表语形容词能够说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特征与面貌时用of，如果说明不定式行为本身的性质、状态等则用for。,8、 兼类词 （ 兼作连词和副词） after，since，till / until，before,9、介词的省略 某些动词短语之后的介词可以省略 prevent (from) doing; spend (in) doing 等,10、某些名词与介词构成的固定搭配。 用to的表示所属的名词有：key，answer，visit，entrance，apology，in

11、troduction，road，path, note 等。 要求接in 的名词有：interest，satisfaction，expert等。,介词是语法填空的一个必考点, 请做以下近年高考语法填空题中与介词相关的题吧。 1. I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either.,介词与高考,on,2. His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet w

12、ater. The young man went home _a happy heart.,with,3. Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes _sale.,on,4. Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life. _ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.,Beh

13、ind/In,5. He was very tired _doing this for a whole day.,after,6.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honor of receiving me _ a guest in their house.,as,7. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to re

14、ward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her.,for,一、单句填空请填入一个适当的词。 1. So, I just looked at her _a questioning expression on my face.,灵活运用,with,2. During the winter, they remind themselves, “This wont last long; well soon be out of here.” And _ the first warm day, the ants are out.,on,3. He aske

15、d me to feed the birds for him and said that he would leave the key _ his front door in my mailbox.,to,4. I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk, _a Pepsi can in my hand. 5. She stared at me _a few seconds and handed back the money.,with,for,6.It was a cold and cloudy afternoon. I wa

16、s on the bus with my children， aged four and two, heading home when it started to rain. I realized this would mean a wet walk home _ the bus stop.,from,7. Dudley has a history dating back over 1, 000 years, and its famous castle has been there _the 8th century. 8. We should take some measures to fig

17、ht _pollution.,since,against,9. Seated in your home you are capable _ finding a lot of sources. 10. To pay for the high-tech health care， people can buy health insurance _their pets.,of,for,11. Some high school students may be required to have an interview _people from the university. 12. During one