高考英语语法复习课件(动词时态和语态)

1、高考语法复习,动词的时态,中学英语的常见时态：,教学大纲要求的常用的8种时态：,三、 时态特殊句式,动词的时态,二、易混时态辨析,一、热点时态,综合练习,1、现在时态 高考题点击： Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been called 2. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had t

2、ime to play since the new year. A. will play B. have played C. played D. play,B,D,说明：本题的干扰源为上下文的过去时，但“被称为太平洋”是客观现状，只能用一般现在时。,说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,3. Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasnt stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B.

3、will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly. A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change,说明：自从我赢了大奖，人们不停地打电话来问我将怎样使用这笔钱。此处的 are phoning 表示“不停的打电话”。,说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行

4、时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,D,A,5. _ my sister three times today but her line was always busy. A. Id phoned B. Ive been phoning C. Ive phoned D. I was phoning 6. - You havent been to Beijing, have you? - _. How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I have

5、nt,说明：此题的干扰源是后面的 was busy。今天打了三次电话是用来表示结果的，只能用现在完成时；而每次她都占线是表示过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。,说明：从补充的句子 “How I wish to go there!”可知“我”没到过北京。,C,D,7. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 8. Now that she is out of a job,

6、 Lucy_ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. A had considered B has been considering C considered D is going to consider,说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。,C,B,说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。,用于现在完成时的句型 1）It is the first / second time. that结构中的从句部分

7、，用现在完成时。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 注意比较 Its time that 结构： It is high time that we went to school. 2）This is the that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时. This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 This is the first time (that) Ive

8、 heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。,典型例题 (1) - Do you know our town at all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (2) - Have you _ been to our town before? - No, its the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come 注意：非延续性动

9、词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 （错）I have received his letter for a month. （对）I havent received his letter for almost a month.,B,D,2、过去时 高考题点击： 1. - Nancy is not coming tonight. - But she _! A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised 2. My uncle _ until he was forty-five. A. marri

10、ed B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry,说明：Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去，是过去作出的承诺。,说明：until 用在肯定句中时，主句的动词必须是延续性动词，表示该动作一直持续到 until 后的时间为止；短暂性动词只能用在否定句中，表示直到此时该动作才开始。本题中 marry 是短暂性动词，所以只能用在否定句中。,B,B,3. - You havent said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? - Im sorry I _ anything ab

11、out it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say,说明：本题的干扰源来自上下文中的时态，上文用的是现在完成时，下文用的是一般现在时，所以有些人就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现，没有说出自己的评价是在这段对话以前的事了，所以要用一般过去时。,D,4. As she _ the newspaper, Granny _ asleep. A. read was falling B. was reading fell C.

12、was reading was falling D. read fell 5. The manager had fallen asleep where he _, without undressing. A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D. had lied,说明：一般来说在复合句中的两个动作，延续性的动作大都用进行时，短暂性的动词用一般时，表示在某个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生了。,说明：该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了，衣服也没脱”。“躺”是一个不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay 是及物动词，过去式和过去分词为

13、laid；lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。,B,B,6. The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it. A. had cried, lost B. cried, had lost C. has cried, has lost D. cries, has lost 7. Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate. Oh! I thought t

14、hey _ without me. Awent Bare going Chave gone Dhad gone,说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。,说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。,B,D,3、将来时 高考题点击： 1. If a man _ succeed, he must work as hard as he can. A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should 2. - Youve left the light on

15、. - Oh, so I have. _ and turn it off. A. Ill go B. Ive gone C. I go D. Im going,说明：此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功，就必须尽力而为”。If 引导的是条件状语从句，不能用将来时。而 be to 结构虽然表示将来的动作，但它不属于将来时。,说明：本句的重点是“并行结构”，关键是看后面的 turn，所以B、C、D、都不符合。,B,A,3. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _for London to attend a meeting. A. will leave B. lea

16、ves C. will have left D. left 4. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left D. had left,说明：that 引导的宾语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were surprised” 之后，故需用过去将来时。,C,B,说明：by the time 表示“到为止”“在之前”，如果主句的动作发生在过去，一般需要用过去完成时；如果是将来，就需用将来完成时。,4、状语从句中的时态问题 高考题点击： 1. -

17、Can I join the club, Dad? - You can when you _ a bit older. A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got 2. In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive,说明：时间状语从句中没有将来时，需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。,说明：条件状语从句中不用将来时，但

18、be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。,A,B,3. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate 4. It _ long before we _ the result of the experiment. A. will not be, will know B. is, will know C. will not

19、be, know D. is, know,说明：by the time 引导的是时间状语从句，故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑，但 be to 结构大多用来表示“义务、决定、职责、约定”等，与句意不合。,说明：before 引导的是时间状语从句，无将来时，而主句应该用将来时。,C,C,5、几种时态的替代问题 A：一般现在时代替将来时 ： 除了在时间、条件、让步状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外，表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如： The museum opens at ten tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。) B：一般现在时代替

20、完成时： 句型 “It is since”代替“It has been since ” It is (= has been) five years since we last met C：一般现在时代替进行时： 在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如： Look, here comes Mr. Li.,1.The year 2002 _ remarkable changes in Shanghais landscape. (see),saw,时间状语,呀，不知道你在这儿！以为你在美国！,Oh, I didnt know you were here. I thought you were

21、 in America.,热点一：一般过去时,2.- Have you decided already? - Yes, I_ at once. A. have decided B. decided C. will decide D. had decided,1. I _ you not to move my dictionary -now I cannot find it. （2004全国II） A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked,Key word,context,B,- Yes, I_ already.,A,1.-The window is

22、dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clear C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned 2. - Would you like to go to the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon? - Id like to, Mum, but I _ to a party by Jane. Its her birthday. A. am invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. have been inv

23、ited,热点二：现在完成时,The news is no surprise to me, I _ for some time that the factory is going to shut down. (03北京) A. had known B. know C. have known D. knew,过去完成时不能孤立使用， 它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即“过去的过去”，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。,热点3：过去完成时,2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a

24、 Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that. (02 北京春) A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen;,3. 我原打算来的，但太忙了。（mean）,I had meant to come, but I was too busy.,had meant/planned/intended to do,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。,热点4：过去进行时,1.

25、The last time I saw Jane she _ cotton in the fields. (pick),was picking,2. -Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done,过去进行时表示在过去的某个时间点或某个时间段所发生的动作或持续的状态.,3. -What were you doing when Tony phoned you? - I had just finished

26、 my work and_ to take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting,过去进行时表示过去将来.,1. He _ a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _ it. A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish,2. As she _ the newspaper, G

27、ranny _ asleep. A. read; was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read; fell,1. 一般过去时和过去进行时,过去进行时表当时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态.,结论:长动作在进行时,被一个短动作打断,长动作用进行体,短动作用一般体.,易混时态辨析,2. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put;

28、put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put,1. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened,2一般过去时与现在完成时,易混时态辨析,3. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages but I _ all except a few wor

29、ds of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten,结论:一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在情况没联系.现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有联系,是过去事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响.,Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom. M: - It _ 2 months since I last saw you.(be) T: - I have just

30、returned from abroad. M: - Is it the first time you _ abroad?(be) T: - Yes. And hardly _ I _ there when I was struck by its beauty. (arrive) M: - How do you find your trip? T:- Very good. To tell the truth, its the most unforgettable trip I _. (ever have) M: Im glad to hear that. By the way, I am le

31、aving for a meeting now. It _ (be) 20 minutes before it_. (start),is/has been,have been,have ever had,时态的特殊句式,had arrived,will be,starts,Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom. M: - It is/has been 2 months since I last saw you. T: - I have just returned from abroad. M: - Is it the first time

32、 you have been abroad? T: - Yes. And hardly had I arrived there when I was struck by its beauty. M: - How do you find your trip? T:- Very good. To tell the truth, its the most unforgettable trip I have ever had. M: Im glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It will be 20 minut

33、es before it starts.,时态的特殊句式,被 动 语 态,高考题点击： 1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay,说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。,说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。,D,C,3. Books of this kind _ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. wi