The Dangling Modifier悬垂修饰.ppt

1、A,1,Dangling Modifier（悬垂修饰）,演讲人：孙文静,Dangling Modifie （悬垂修饰） 演讲人 ：孙文,A,2,Team members： 胡丽萍 马飞 孙文 杨庆,A,3,Content,一、Whats the Dangling Modifier 二、The types of Dangling Modifier 三、How to revise the Dangling Modifier 四、The application of Dangling Modifier,A,4,一、Whats the Dangling Modifier Example: Hearin

2、g the bad news, her heart broke. 听到这个坏消息，她的心碎了。 hearing the bad news的逻辑主语she，而句子的主语为 her heart 。即句子的逻辑主语与主语不一致。,A,5,一般而言，修饰语都必须有被修饰的对象 ,倘若某个从句或短语在句中找不到自己要修饰的词语 ,或者与任何词语都没有逻辑上的联系 , 初看好像修饰某个词语，但实际上什么也没有修饰，而是处于悬浮状态，无处着落。那么这种修饰语就被称为悬垂修饰语 。,A,6,二、The types of Dangling Modifier,Dangling Participle (悬垂分词)

3、Dangling Gerund(悬垂动名词) Dangling Infinitive(悬垂不定式) Dangling Elliptical Clause(悬垂省略从句) Dangling Prepositional Phrase (悬垂介词短语),A,7,Dangling Participle (悬垂分词),It is very common for a sentence to begin with a participle phrase that modifies the subject of the main clause ,but problem arise if the subject

4、 is a word to which the participle cannot logically apply. 一般来说。分词结构如果出现在句首，通常是以句子的主语作为自己的主语的。但有时分词的主语与其所在句中的主语并不一致。如果一种分词结构无法确定其逻辑主语，就会引起悬垂修饰语。,A,8,Dangling Present Participle ： Arriving at Beijing , my friend was waiting for me at the station. revised： One is to increase participle logic subject,

5、and the second is to change participial phrase into clauses 一是增加分词的逻辑主语， 二是把分词短语变成从句。 Arriving at Beijing ,I found my friend was waiting for me at the station. When I arrived at Beijing , my friend was waiting for me at the station.,A,9,Dangling Past Participle ： 1.Flattened by the impact, Jane surv

6、eyed her wrecked bike. revised： Jane surveyed her wrecked bike, which was flattened by the impact. 2. Discouraged by low grades, dropping out made sense. revised: Discouraged by low grades, I thought dropping out made sense.,A,10,Dangling Gerund(悬垂动名词),The dangling gerund phenomenon is limited, but

7、we should make a distinction between it and dangling participle. The dangling gerund show a state, and the dangling participle show an action. Use the dangling gerund, please pay attention to the confused logic. 悬垂动名词作状语的现象不太多，但要分清它和悬垂现在分词的区别。悬垂动名词多表示一种状态,而悬垂现在分词多表示一种动作。使用悬垂动名词时，请注意逻辑关系的混乱。,A,11,例如：

8、 1. Approaching the guard rail on Lookout Mountain, a vast expanse of farmland could be seen. When we approached the guard rail on Lookout Mountain, a vast expanse of farmland could be seen. 2. In talking with my students, they told me of their suggestions. When I was talking with my students, they

9、told me of their suggestions. ,A,12,Dangling Infinitive(悬垂不定式),The dangling infinitive is hard to be accepted generally. Because we cant tell the logical relationship between them. 一般来说。不定式短语作悬垂修饰语时,很难让人接受。因为我们分不清它们之间的逻辑关系。如： 1. In order to keep fit , doing morning exercises every day is necessary.

10、revise: Reserves the front part of the sentence保留前半部分 In order to keep fit ，we must do morning exercises every day .,A,13,Reserve the rest part of the sentence保留后半部分 Doing morning exercises every day is necessary for us to fit . Change the infinitive form of verb into clauses把动词不定式变成从句 In order that

11、 we may keep fit , we must do morning exercises every day . 2. To keep good time , you must oil the watch regularly . To keep good time ,the watch must be oiled regularly. In order for the watch to keep good time , you must oil the watch regularly . ,A,14,Dangling Elliptical Clause(悬垂省略从句),If the pr

12、esent participle expresses its on-going action, we can also add when or while in front. 现在分词如果表示正在进行的动作,其前也可加when或while，构成悬垂省略从句。如： 1.While eating my sandwich , five mosquitoes bit me. revise: We can expand the dangling elliptical clause to complete clauses, then get the following sentences 可以把悬垂省略从

13、句扩展为完整的从句,得到如下句子： While I was eating my sandwich , five mosquitoes bit me. 或：,A,15,While eating my sandwich , I was bitten by five mosquitoes. 2.while reading the newspaper, my dog sat with me on the front steps. while reading the newspaper, I sat with my dog on the front steps. while I was reading

14、the newspaper, my dog sat with me on the front steps. ,A,16,Dangling Prepositional Phrase(悬垂介词短语),The dangling prepositional phrase phenomenon is limited. but as long as we can learn from the context of the structure, the significance is easy to understand. 悬垂介词短语的存在现象在英语句子结构中较为稀少。但只要用心体会其上下文的结构,其意义

15、也不难理解。例如： 1.He is interested in English and he is good at English.,A,17,The sentence does not have the grammatical error, but appears too burdensome. We can reduce the sentence to the following two forms. 这个句子语法上没有错，但显得过于累赘。我们可以把句子简化成以下两种形式： He is interested in English and good at English. He is int

16、erested in and good at English. In the second sentence, after we know the second object of a preposition ,we can get the significance and role of the wordin。Such a preposition is called dangling prepositions. 在第二句中，介词in的意义和作用要等第二个介词at接上宾语后才清楚。像in这样的介词就叫做悬垂介词。,A,18,三、How to revise the Dangling Modifi

17、er,悬垂修饰语把修饰语放在句首，它的修饰对象必须紧跟其后，否则，修饰语就失去了“依靠”。而作者的表达意思也会被歪曲，变得模糊不清。 纠正这种错误。一般可用两种方式进行修正 ,一是保留原修饰语 ,同时重新组织主句 ,使其主语同修饰语的逻辑主语取得一致 ;二是保留原主句不变 ,而将原修饰语扩展成一个完整的从句。,A,19,(一) 修改主句 Looking out of the window of our hotel room , there were lots of mountains. Looking out of the window of our hotel room ,we found

18、there were lots of mountains. ,A,20,(二) 修改从句 Although only a boy , my father expected me to do a mans work. Although I was only a boy , my father expected me to do a mans work. ,A,21,四、The application of Dangling Modifier,The application of dangling modifier is a general phenomenon，it has weakness，a

19、lso it has use. Dangling modifier always represents the action of sentence subject(句子主语).When it act as sentence adverbials(句子状语)to express the speakers opinion,it has become a fixed usage(固定用法).,A,22,eg：generally (strictly，etc) speaking，judging from，talking of ，allowing for，considering，counting，ass

20、uming，supposing，barring， These seemingly looks like dangling modifiers,but their expression is not limited to the rule,in fact thet has been often use。,A,23,Judging from his expression，hes in a bad mood Strictly speaking，that school is not very old 也有动词不定短语成为固定用法作为悬垂修 饰语。如：to be frank，to name a few, to tell the truth等。 To be frank, he is not the right man for this important job We have to study courses：Chinese, English， math，physics，chemistry，history, geography，just to name a fe