秘书文秘相关外文翻译(节选)

1、中文中文 30003000 字，字，16501650 单词，单词，95009500 英文字符英文字符 出处：出处：Institute of Research, Development and Commercialization, UniversitiTeknologi MARAInstitute of Research, Development and Commercialization, UniversitiTeknologi MARA 原文原文 THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SECRETARIAL JOB FUNCTIONS AND COMPETENCIESTHE DIFF

2、ERENCES IN THE SECRETARIAL JOB FUNCTIONS AND COMPETENCIES BETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVBETWEEN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORATE SECTOR N Zulkifli，R Hj. Ehsan，Z Abdul Rahman Abstract This study was conducted to identify the differences of the secretarial job functions and competencies between public and privat

3、e sectors in Malaysia. Additionally, from the results obtained, the needed changes to improve the implementations of public sector service and productivity are also examined and suggested for improvement. The scope of the study was the secretarial staffs in the public and private sector employed in

4、Ipoh, Kinta Valley, Perak. The secretarial staffs position in the public sector is under the title Administrative Assistant (Secretarial). A set of questionnaires consisted of close-ended questions were used to gather the needed information. The main instruments used for this study is the questionna

5、ire. The questionnaires were tested for face and content validity. The questionnaires were personally distributed to all the respondents in the public and private sectors in Ipoh, Perak and specific time was given for them to answer the questionnaires. From the results obtained via questionnaires, t

6、he finding shows that there are significant differences in the job functions and job competencies aspects between the public sector and private sector. Most of the respondents agreed regarding the essentiality of the job qualification which consists of skills, knowledge and abilities (SKAs) to perfo

7、rm the job functions. It was also found that several aspects such as the secretarial job governance are discussed and emphasized. Finally, the discussion retrieved from the data analysis suggested several recommendations includes the perspective of change to the public sector from the relevant and r

8、evised entry level requirements, salary scheme restructuring, career advancement opportunities and the systems to improve and organized the secretarial job functions within the public sector organizations based on the successful story and criteria implemented by the private sector organizations. Bac

9、kground of the StudyBackground of the Study With the advent of office technologies in recent years, the secretarial job functions have widely expanded and showing increase responsibility not only to their job functions and competencies, hence also to their organizational commitment. A lot of article

10、s today elucidate the essentiality of how the title secretary has expanded and growing; from the normal office assistant or managers assistant to the office manager and become one of the most important person in the organization. Hellerstein (1995) noted that secretaries working in pools support one

11、 or more departments and office technologies act as a bridge to mid-management jobs. Furthermore, their salaries and career opportunities now compete with other executive level positions. It clearly defined that secretarial functions were growing rapidly and encountered enormous changes. Unfortunate

12、ly, the emergence of changes frequently occurred mostly in the private sectors which enable managers and professionals to operate more independently and the technology redefined the secretarys roles and career path. Enormous comparison can identified with regards to the practices and implementation

13、of the secretarial position between the Malaysia public sectors (i.e. Government Agency) and the private sectors. The private sectors offered the secretarial staffs with interesting salary schemes and opportunities due to the emerging variety of secretarial functions and tasks involving the office a

14、nd organizations. Secretarial duties were not only limited to the basic traditional functions such as dictating and typing only, but they also performed managerial functions such as planning, organizing, directing and controlling in assisting the management. However, the Malaysian public sectors sti

15、ll overlook the evolution to these secretarial job functions. The Malaysian public sectors classified the secretarial post as a clerical service with minimum job descriptions which can lead to unprofessional workforce. The entry requirements necessitate for this job is only SPMholder with minimum qu

16、alification. In fact the Shorthand/Trengkas speed tests are still the qualifying tests for acceptance into the public sectors. With reference to the .my, the secretarial position still undertaken by the public sectors is Administration Assistant (Secretarial) with low salary scheme. The job s

17、pecification enlisted dictation, typing and handling records as their main tasks. Statement of the ProblemStatement of the Problem The evolution of the secretarial job functions was expanded and they will no longer single-tasking involving secretaries in the organization. The private sector demanded

18、 secretaries or executives to function proactively, while the public sector still seeks and used the service of typical secretarial functions. Recently, the demand of labor that is capable of handling, synthesizing and creating new knowledge was increased, while the space for traditional manual work

19、 is replaced by automation and mechanization (Pyoria, 2005). The secretarial duties were performed very differently in public and private sectors.The secretarial functions in the public sector were quite insignificant although Aziz Husain (2002)stated the importance of secretaries in the public sect

20、or to be professional in their career for the betterment of the organizations and departments. Yet, it is still unaccomplished. In the world towards global agenda and IT concentration, the organizations needed to embrace themselves with a multitalented and knowledgeable workforce, especially in the

21、secretarial position. This study attempted to compare the secretarial job functions and competencies between public and private sectors and to determine whether there is a need for change in the secretarial job functions and competencies in the public sector. Research ObjectivesResearch Objectives T

22、he purpose of this study was to make a comparison of the secretarial job functions and competencies between public and private sectors in Kinta Valley, Perak and to determine whether changes are needed in the secretarial job functions and competencies in the public sector. The specific objectives we

23、re to: 1. determine the issues regarding the secretarial job functions in the public and private sectors; 2. determine the levels of secretarial competencies required by the public and private sectors; 3. identify the levels of secretarial job governance applied by the public and private sector; 4.

24、examine the differences in the secretarial job functions between public and private sectors; 5. examine the differences in the secretarial competencies between public and private sectors. Research QuestionsResearch Questions 1. What are the secretarial entry requirements that appear to be relevant i

25、n meeting the job functions required by the public and private sectors? 2. What are the levels of secretarial job functions among public and private sectors? 3. What are the levels of secretarial competencies required by the public and private sectors? 4. What are the levels of secretarial job gover

26、nance applied by the public and private sectors? 5. Are there any differences in the secretarial job functions between public and private sectors? 6. Are there any differences in the secretarial qualifications between public and private sectors? Definition of Secretarial Job Functions and Competenci

27、es Secretarial job functions were defined as the list of tasks to perform the responsible and administrative duties for the supervisors. The secretary and administrative assistant also provide high level of administrative support for an office in the organizations. According to Raja Munirah (2001),

28、the roles of administrative support personnel such as secretaries and administrative assistant have changed significantly recently due to the corporate downsizing, economy politics, workplace diversity and technology. The secretarial job functions have become wider, which several conventional job du

29、ties such as dictation and transcription have already diminished. The staffs were encouraged to participate in multiple tasks to reinforce their professionalism and skills. The title secretary also is slowly diminished and rise to more standard and high level position in the organization. Meanwhile,

30、 secretarial competencies referred to the listed requirements and qualifications that embodied the knowledge, skills and ability performing the secretarial jobs. (NCSC, 2008). The ability to acquire appropriate knowledge, skills and abilities in order to do the jobs has become essential necessity to

31、 enhance jobs effectiveness in recent era. However, in Malaysia there were differences in delivering and applying the information regarding job functions and also competencies between public and private sectors. It appeared that the public sectors are having very limited descriptions and demands reg

32、arding the functions and requirements of secretarial and administrative functions. It was very contrast with the public sectors in westernorganizations, whereby they have a very detailed explanation and it was published for public reference. According to Razali Mat Zin (1997) the Malaysian Public Se

33、ctors must not only discharge its responsibilities with excellence, but must continue to increase its capabilities to function effectively. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONSFINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS Rate of Survey Return Questionnaires were personally distributed to 135 respondents. 65 were the Administrative

34、 Assistant (Secretarial) Grade N17, N22 and N32 meanwhile another 70 were the Secretarial staffs in private sectors engaged in legal businesses in Ipoh, Perak. From this number of questionnaire distributed to the respondents of public sector, 30 questionnaires or 46% were received before the due dat

35、e while another 10 questionnaires or 15% were received after the first follow up. Meanwhile, for the private sector, 45 questionnaires or 64% were received before the due date while another 15 questionnaires 2 1 % were received after first follow up. The total questionnaires analyzed for the public

36、sector were 40 out of 65 (61.5%) which consists of 20 questionnaires from Grade N17 staff, 8 questionnaires from Grade N22 staff and 12 questionnaires from Grade N32 staff. Furthermore, the total questionnaires analyzed for the private sectors were 60 out of 70 (86.5%) from various secretarial job t

37、itles. Descriptive Statistics of the Secretarial Job FunctionsDescriptive Statistics of the Secretarial Job Functions Table 4.11 shows the overall summary of the descriptive statistical analysis for all statements involved in the secretarial job functions in the public and private sector. The analys

38、is involved the use of the minimum, maximum values, the mean, the median and the standard deviation scores. Based on the 5-point scale used, the findings indicated that the range was between 2.00 to 4.56. The mean score for the job functions was 3.5344 (SD=.97022), which represented that the respond

39、ents agreed that the secretarial job functions listed are important. From the respondents opinion, they agreed to the listings of secretarial job functions given in the questionnaire, and majority of the public and private sectors respondents awareness regarding the implementations and essentiality

40、of the job functions to their daily work schedule are increased. 译文译文 公共部门和私营部门中秘书的工作职能和能力方面的差异公共部门和私营部门中秘书的工作职能和能力方面的差异 作者：Zulkifli N, Abdul Rahman Z. 摘要摘要 本研究旨在识别马来西亚的公共和私营部门中秘书的工作职能和能力之间的差异。 此外， 通过本文的研究结果， 试图为改善公共部门服务水平和提高效率提供一些建议。 研究的范围 是马来西亚霹雳州近打谷的怡保市， 受雇于当地公共和私营部门的秘书人员。 在公共部，门 中，秘书人员的职位头衔为行政助理

41、(秘书)。在这项研究中，使用的主要工具是问卷调查设 计了一套由封闭式问题组成的调查问卷， 被用来收集所需要的信息。 问卷被用来测试外在和 内在的有效性。 个人问卷被分发给霹雳州近打谷的怡保市中受雇于公共和私营部门的所有受 访者，并给予特定的时间让他们回答问卷。 通过问卷调查获得的结果， 发现在公共部门和私 营部门中， 秘书的工作职能和工作能力方面有着显著的差异。 大多数的受访者都一致同意关 于任职资格的重要性， 该任职资格包括执行本职工作所需具备的技能、 知识和能力(简称 SKA)。 本文还对其他一些方面，比如秘书工作管理等进行了探讨。最后， 根据数据分析的结果，本 文提出了一些建议，包括对公

42、共部门秘书岗位任职资格的修订、重新安排秘书人员的工资、 秘书岗位的职业发展机会， 以及借鉴私营部门中实施的成功案例和秘书工作标准， 来对公共 部门组织的秘书工作职能进行一个系统的改进。 研究背景研究背景 近年来，随着办公技术的不断进步， 秘书的工作职能得到了进一步的扩展， 秘书岗位增 加的责任不仅包括从业人员的工作职能和能力， 还包括他们对组织的承诺。 目前，已经有很 多文献都阐明了秘书岗位的重要性，以及“秘书”岗位职责的不断扩大和增长，从普通的办 公室文员或办公室经理的助理都可以称为秘书，他们也正成为组织中最重要的人之一。 海勒斯坦于 1995 年指出， 在一个或多个部门和办公室中， 秘书的

43、工作起着部门支持辅 助作用，他们的工作直接与中层及更高层级的管理者的工作乡关联。 此外，他们的工资和职 业机会也能够与组织内其他主管级别的职位相竞争。 秘书的职能得到了迅速发展， 并发生了 巨大的变化。不幸的是， 这些经常发生的变化主要出现在私人部门，在私人部门中，秘书职 能的变化使管理者和秘书从业人员能够更独立的做好本职工作， 重新定义了秘书的角色及其 职业道路。 通过对马来西亚公共部门(政府机构)和私营部门中秘书岗位的比较，可以发现两种类型 组织中的秘书岗位之间存在巨大的差异。 私人部门为秘书人员提供了有吸引力的薪金方案和 职业发展机会。秘书的职责不仅仅限于传统的基本功能， 如口述和打字，

44、他们还执行管理的 一些功能，比如计划、组织、指导和控制，协助中高层管理者的工作。然而，马来西亚的公 共部门仍然忽视这些秘书工作职能的演变。 马来西亚公共部门对秘书的职务定位为一个办事员的角色。 认为秘书岗位是组织中最低 一级的职位， 通常被描述为组织内部非专业的员工。 秘书岗位的任职资格仅仅要求员工具备 职业资格证书即可。 事实上， 速记的速度测试仍然是公共部门中秘书从业人员的一个要考核 的必备技能。秘书岗位的角色仍然是公共部门的行政助理(秘书)，其工资也比较低。其岗位 职责主要是听写、打字和处理档案。 问题陈述问题陈述 秘书的工作职能正不断地扩大， 他们将不再涉及在组织中的秘书单一职责。 私

45、营部门主 动要求秘书积极地与高管互动。 而公共部门仍在使用典型的秘书的服务功能， 秘书的职责基 本也未发生改变。最近，工作的技术已发生了巨大的变化， 而传统的手工工作活动也被自动 化和机械化所取代(皮奥瑞亚，2005)。 公共部门中秘书的职责和私营部门的秘书职责表现出非常大的不同。 公共部门中的秘书 职能是相当微不足道的， 组织也不是很重视秘书岗位， 将之视为一个低级岗位， 只从事简单 的辅助性工作，但阿齐兹侯赛因(2002)指出，在公共部门中的秘书，其职责也是很重要的， 他们的工作可以改善专业组织和部门的绩效。 然而，很多公共部门都没完成这一转变。 当今 世界，正走向全球化进程，组织需要更多的多才多艺、知识渊博的员工，尤其是在秘书岗位 方面。 本研究试图比较公共和私营部门之间秘书的工作职能和工作能力， 以决定是否需要改 变公共部门中秘书的工作职能和工作技能。 研究目的研究目的 本研究的目的是比较马来西亚霹雳州近打谷地区的公共和私营部门之间秘书的工作职 能和工作能力差异， 以决定是否需要改变公共部门中秘书的工作职能和工作技能。 具体目标 是: 1.确定公共和私营