考研英语大纲词汇解析

1、考研英语大纲词汇解析单词和词组难度分类：这里把考纲要求的词汇分为容易，中等，难三类。划分的依据有三个。 一是根据笔者对近十年来的真题进行分析，按其词汇在考试中出现的频率进行划分。 二是根据这个词在英语运用中的使用频率。三是根据单词中文解释的难易程度。 四是根据考生记忆单词时的困难程度。本书中列为容易的单词在以往的考试中出现的次数较多，今后在考试中可能出现的机率也就比中等和难词要大，依次类推 (本书中共有：容易词4700个，中等词1734个，难词140个)。音标英文解释翻译词性单词中文解释例句词频A *6b#nd*n 完全放弃（特别是指已开始的事物）v.abandon放弃因为下雨比赛停止了。Th

2、ey abandoned the game because of rain.难从某人，某物或某地离开而不返回v.抛弃他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.行为符合某事物，忠于某事物abide by坚持，遵守你得遵从裁判得决定。Youll have to abide by the referees decision.容易 *6biliti8 从事体力、脑力或机械工作的能力或力量n.ability能力，智力“要致富，光靠能力是不够的，还得看机遇”（伊哈拉塞科古）To make a fort

3、une some assistance from fate is essential. Ability alone is insufficient. (Ihara Saikaku). 中等智慧，天分,才智,能力n.才能，才干我们为他找到了更容易发挥他才能的工作。We found him work more suited to his abilities. 6eib*l 有能力、办法或机会做某事，有知识或技能的a.able有能力的，能干的，显示出才华的他是一位能干的律师。He is an able lawyer容易有能力、办法或机会做某事able to能，会明天我能来。I shall be ab

4、le to come tomorrow. #b6n%8rm*l 与正常的，日常的或所希望的不同（特别是以人所不希望的方式）a.abnormal反常的，不正常的我们认为这样的反常现象不会持续很久。We do not think such an abnormal phenomenon will last long.容易 *6b%8rd, *6bourd 在船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上（在美语中尤指在公共汽车上），上船、飞机、火车或公共汽车ad.aboard在船（飞机，车)上，上船（飞机，车)我们切不可带易燃物上车。We must not take combustible goods aboard.容

5、易上船、飞机、火车或公共汽车上（在美语中尤指在公共汽车上），上船、飞机、火车或公共汽车prep.在船（飞机，车)上，上（船，飞机，车)他已上船飞机、车了。He was already aboard the ship. *6b%li. 结束某种习俗，某种制度的存在v.abolish废除，取消立法机关通过了一项废除附加税的法令。The legislature passed a law to abolish the surtax.难 *6baut 到处，在各个方向，处处，附近，不远处，在周围ad.about在周围，附近，到处他一定就在附近。He must be somewhere about.中等比

6、稍多或稍少，比稍前或稍后，左右ad.大约，差不多面试延续了近一个小时。The interview lasted about an hour.某事物的主题，与有关prep.关于，对于请告诉我一些关于你旅行的情况。Tell me something about your trip.在附近，离不远处prep.在周围，在附近在我四周环绕着一个英式花园。I found an English garden all about me.准备a.准备谣传说他要辞职。Rumors are about concerning his resignation.打算马上要做某事be about to 即将合唱团就要开始唱

7、了。The chorus is about to sing.容易 *6b(v 比某物高，级别、地位、重要性等高于prep.above在上面，超出，高于太阳已经升到地平线之上。The sun rose above the horizon.中等在书或文章中的前文中写到的或描述过的a.上面的，上述的关于那条信息请参照上文。Refer to the above for that information.在书或文章中的，前文中写到地或描述过地ad.在上面，以上前面所引用的问题引起许多关于改革的建议。The problems cited above have led to a number of sugg

8、estions for reform最重要的，尤其above all首先，尤其他尤其渴望再见到家里的人。He longs above all to see his family again.容易 *6br%8d 在或者去一个或几个外国的国家，离开自己的国家ad.abroad到国外，在国外，你喜欢还是讨厌出国？Do you like abroad or hate it?中等广泛流传ad.到处美国正大规模流行疾病。An epidemic is abroad in America. *6br(pt 意想不到的a.abrupt突然的，意外的由于价格趋势的突然转变，买主已退出市场。Buyers have

9、 withdrawn from the market in view of the abrupt turn of the trend of prices.中等（指行为）粗鲁的,令人吃惊且无理的a.（举止、言谈等）唐突的，鲁莽的一个人应该对自己的粗鲁举止感到羞愧。One should feel ashamed of ones abrupt manner. 6#bs*ns 远离，离开，不在现场的状态n.absence缺席，不在场他一再缺课使人担忧。His repeated absence (from school) is warrying.中等不足，不存在n.缺乏，没有黑暗就是缺乏光亮。Darkn

10、ess is the absence of light.不出现在某处，在别的地方absent from缺席，不在场辩论时他们不在场。They absented themselves from the debate.中等显得并不是真正地在思考正在提到的话或做的事情a.漫不经心的他茫然地望着我。He looked at me in an absent way. 6#bs*7lu8t, 7#bs*6lu8t 在范围或程度上绝对的a.absolute绝对的，完全的美是没有绝对的标准的There is no absolute standard for beauty.难 *b6s%8rb, -6z%8rb

11、 吸进某事物，吸收某事物v.absorb吸收读懂一篇文章比较吃力,因为需要高度的脑力活动。To follow and absorb a newspaper article is a little bit hard as it requires a high level of mental involvement.中等完全吸引住了某人的注意力或兴趣v.吸引，使专心作家全神贯注地进行写作,忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.完全把某人的注

12、意力抓住be absorbed in专心于他专心读书。He is absorbed in study.中等 *b6s%8rp.*n, -6z%8rp- 专心致志，全神贯注n.absorption吸收他专心研究使人敬佩。His absorption in study is wonderful.难 #b6str#kt, 6#b7str#kt 存在于想象中或是一个想法并没有一个具体的物理存在a.abstract抽象的她的思想有点儿让人费解。Her ideas seem a little abstract.中等对书籍内容的简要概括n.摘要，提要这是一篇演说的摘要。This is an abstract

13、 of a speech.除去某物，从某物中提取，抽取或分离处某物v.提（抽）取这篇文章是从一本篇幅较长的书中摘录出来的。The article was abstracted from a longer book. *b6s*8d, -6z*8d 不合理的，荒谬的a.absurd荒唐的他们的要求是荒谬的。Their request is absurd.难 *6b(nd*ns 数量远远大于所需要的n.abundance丰富，充裕可供地毯货源充足。Carpets are available in abundance.中等富有某事物，富于某事物a.abundant in丰富的，充分的，充裕的这个国家

14、天然资源丰富。The country is abundant in natural resources.中等 *6bju8z 过分的，错误的使用某物v.abuse滥用我们滥用土地，因为我们把它当作属于自己的商品。We abuse land because we regard it as a commodity belonging to us. 难对某事物的错误过分的使用n.滥用他们谈论在政治上使用和滥用数字论证事物的问题。They talked about the uses and abuses of figures to prove things in politics.十分恶劣地对待某人v

15、.虐待那些被捕的人曾遭受肉体上的摧残。The arrested men have been physically abused.对某人的虐待n.虐待虐待配偶。spousal abuse.说某人的坏话v.谩骂你们必须停止互相辱骂。You must stop to abuse each other.侮辱人的话，骂人的话，恶言n.谩骂他说了一些粗话。A stream of abuse came from his lips. 7#k*6demik 有关学院教育学习的a.academic学院的这是一个纯学术性的问题。The question is purely academic.中等 *6k#d*mi8

16、 专科学院，培养专门技术的学校n.academy学院人们倾向于采用来自白宫和学术界的道德标准。 When theres moral leadership from the White House and from the academy, people tend to adjust.中等 #k6sel*7reit 使某物运动的更快或更早发生v.accelerate加速，促进他决定增加广告的数量。He decided to accelerate his advertising.中等 #k7sel*6rei.*n 速度的增加n.acceleration加速（度）这辆公共汽车的加速性能很好。This

17、 bus has good acceleration.中等 6#k7sent 民族、地方或个人的口音n.accent腔调，口音他说话带有很浓的南方口音。He speaks with a strong southern accent.中等用重读或提高音调的方法使一音节或词突出n.重音（符号）today一字的重音在第二个音节上In the word “today” the accent is on the second syllable.#k6sept欣然接受他人提供的事物v.accept接受，认可科学家们已接受了这个新理论。Scientists have accepted the new the

18、ory.中等愿意就某事达成一致意见v.同意，承认这样的风俗是被普遍认同的。Such customs are widely accepted. #k6sept*b*l 值得接受的，受欢迎的a.acceptable可接受的他的提议是可以接受的His proposal is quite acceptable.中等 #k6sept*ns 接受或被接受的行为n.acceptance接受，验收她由于超人的勤奋才得到王室家族的喜爱She won acceptance by the King family only through extraordinary diligence.中等对既成的事实表示认可的行为

19、n.承认，认可他从教40年一直很受欢迎。He taught with great acceptance for 40 years. 6#kses （使用某物或接近某人的）的机会或权力;使用途径,接近、进入、出去或使用的方法手段或通道n.access接近（或进入）的方法，入口，通路到达那农舍的唯一通路是穿过田间。The only access to the farm-house is across the fields.容易可以获得接近或进入某地（的方法）have/gain access to可以获得市民可以自由使用图书馆Citizens may have free access to the

20、library.容易 #k6ses*ri8 有用或者有装饰作用的物件但不是关键的物件n.accessory附件，配件她买了一个时尚手提包来搭配她的礼服。She bought an attractive handbag as an accessory for her dress.中等附加的，额外的a.附属的附属物永随主物。The accessory thing follows the principal thing. 6#ksid*nt, -7dent 不希望发生的会带来危险和伤害的事情n.accident事故约翰出事了，他被一辆小汽车撞倒了。Johns had an accident: hes

21、 been knocked down by a car.容易意料之外的事情，偶然发生的事情n.意外的事，偶然的事这是一桩偶发的事件。It was quite an accident.作为一个意外事件的结果发生的by accident偶然我偶然在电影院遇到了雅各布。I met Jacob by accident in the cinema.容易 7#ksi6dentl 意料之外发生的，偶然发生的a.accidental偶然的，意外的偶然的相遇使他们重续前缘。Their accidental meeting led to a renewal of their acquaintance. 容易 *6

22、k%m*7deit 提供给某人住宿或房间v.accommodate留宿，收容他在国外期间将把他的住宅供我使用。He will accommodate me with the use of his house, while he is abroad.中等提供给某人某事物v.供应，供给不管到哪儿,他都能迅速适应新环境。Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates to new circumstances. *7k%m*6dei.*n 尤指提供给居住者的房间或住所n.accommodation住宿，留宿这个城市住房昂贵。Accommodation is expe

23、nsive in this city.难提供住宿者的房间和食物n.accommodations膳宿供应旅游的学生们感到那儿的膳宿费是公道的。There travelling students found accommodations at moderate terms.难 *6k(mp*ni8, *6k(mpni8 作为一个陪同或帮助者和某人一起走路或旅行v.accompany陪同，伴随她和她的同事一道去欧洲。She went to Europe accompanied by her colleague.难给某人伴奏v.为伴奏那位著名的歌唱家的小学老师用电子风琴为他伴奏。The well-kn

24、own singer was accompanied at the electronic organ by his school teacher. *6k%mpli. 成功的做成了某件事情，成功完成，实现v.accomplish完成我在吃饭前完成了两小时的工作。I accomplished two hours work before dinner.容易 *6k%8rdns 符合，没有分歧n.accordance一致根据条例行事。act in accordance with the rules中等按照或依据某事物，与某事物一致in accordance with与一致在这件事情上，我同他是一致的

25、。I am in accordance with him in this matter.中等根据某事，按照某事物的方式according to按照，根据他所受到的惩罚将视其犯罪的严重程度而定。He will be punished according to the seriousness of his crime.中等 *6k%8rdi0li8 按照已知的的或所说的情形，因此，于是ad.accordingly因此，从而，相应地，照着（办）你可以权宜处理。You may arrange accordingly.中等 *6kaunt 关于货物或服务的钱款往来的记录n.account帐（目，户）账目

26、表明我们支出多于收入。The accounts show we have spent more than we received.中等 记述，报告一叙述事件或事件的记录n.叙述，说明报纸对所谓的财政部人事改组的报导完全是捏造的。The newspapers account of the so-called reshuffle of the financial ministry was a complete fiction.分析说明，解释清楚v.说明，解释你怎么解释这接二连三地发生的事故呢?How do you account for all the accidents in series?作为

27、某事物的解释，解释某事物的原因account for说明（原因等）嫌疑犯不能说明那天晚上他的时间安排The suspect couldnt account for his time that night.中等因为某事物，为了某事物，为了某种原因on account of因为，由于由于天气不好，我们将启程的时间推迟了。We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.容易把某事物列入某人的考虑、体谅、斟酌范围，take into account考虑评定他的表现时，不必考虑他的年龄。When judging his performance

28、,dont take his age into account.中等 *6kju8mj*7leit 渐渐地聚积某物的数目v.accumulate积累，积蓄，堆积我们如果不打扫房间, 灰尘很快就会积聚起厚厚的一层。Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room.中等 6#kj*si8 精确，准确（尤指用心的结果）n.accuracy准确，精确度我怀疑你的话的正确性。I doubt the accuracy of your statement.容易 6#kj*it 没有错误的，正确无误的a.accurate精确的，准确的这只表准吗?Is thi

29、s watch accurate?难指责某人有错、犯罪或犯法accuse of控告，遣责警方控告他犯有盗窃罪。The police accused him of stealing.容易使自己、某人或某物习惯于某事物accustom to使习惯我已习惯于长时间工作I have accustomed myself to working long hours.中等 *6k(st*md 通常的，经常被实践、使用或经历的a.accustomed惯常的，习惯的我习惯于睡得很晚。I am accustomed to sleeping late.中等习惯于某事物be accustomed to习惯于我不习惯这

30、么早起床进行晨练。I am not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercise.中等 eik 持续地隐隐作痛v.ache痛我头痛得厉害。My head aches terribly.容易持续而隐约的疼痛n.疼痛，酸痛他胸部疼痛。He has an ache in his chest. *6t.i8v 做完某事物，实现v.achieve完成这个大学今年已经实现了所有的奋斗目标。The university has achieved all its goals this year.中等通常通过努力、技巧、勇气等获得或达到某事物v

31、.达到，达成，获得他希望尽快达到所有目标He hopes to achieve all his aims soon. 6#sid 酸味物质n.acid酸醋中含有醋酸。Vinegar contains acetic acid.容易有一点刺激性的味道，酸味的a.酸的柠檬是一种酸的水果。A lemon is an acid fruit. #k6n%lid/ 承认（某事物）属实，供认（某事物）v.acknowledge承认他承认购买那东西是个错误之举。He acknowledged that the purchase had been a mistake.难为了（某事物）表示感谢v.致谢她的理论被人引

32、用而未向她致谢。Her theory was quated without acknowledgement.使某人熟悉或了解某事物acquaint sb with使认识，使了解请让你认识一下我的家人。Let me acquaint you with my family.中等 *6kweint*ns 相互认识但不是亲密朋友关系的人n.acquaintance熟人，相识他有很多相识的熟人。He has a large circle of acquaintances.中等 *6kwair 取得（某事物），收到（某事物）v.acquire取得，获得抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好,并不是生来就有的。S

33、ome smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.容易（靠自己的能力、努力或行为而）获得，得到（某事物）v.学到她认真学习而精通英语。She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 7#kwi6zi.*n 获得的行为n.acquisition获得他是球队中一个不可多得的(新)队员。He is a valuable acquisition to the team.中等获得的事物（尤指有用的东西）n.获得物这辆摩托车是我最新购置的。

34、This motor-scooter is my latest acquisition. 6eik* 英美制地积单位，1英亩等于4840平方码或约4050平方米n.acre英亩这里曾经有一个有大量藏书的图书馆There was a library with acres of books.容易 *6kr%8s, *6kr%s 从某物的一边到另一边，横过某物prep.across横断，穿过他走过这条街。He walked across the street.容易在某物的另一边，与某物相交叉prep.在对面，在交叉他从房间的另一边向我喊。He shouted to me from across th

35、e room.从一边到另一边ad.横过，穿过，横断当我跑过天桥时，桥晃个不停。The footbridge swayed when I ran across.从这边到那边之间ad.宽，阔河宽50米。The river is 50 metres across. #kt 做某事，采取行动v.act行动，做事我们马上行动。州长还没有按照法案行事。We acted immediately. The governor has not yet acted on the bill.中等在戏剧或电影中充当一个角色，当演员v.表演她计划在夏季剧团中扮演马克白夫人。She plans to act Lady Ma

36、cbeth in summer stock.做的事情，行为n.行为，动作帮助盲人过街是善良的行为。It is an act of kindness to help a blind man across the street.戏剧中任何一个主要的片断n.（一）幕哈姆雷特共有五幕。“Hamlet” has five acts.立法机关所立的法案、法令n.法令，条例国会通过了一项法令，禁止捕杀珍稀动物。Parliament has passed an Act forbidding the killing of rare animals.对某事物起作用act on起作用酒精对大脑有影响。Alcohol

37、 acts on the brain.容易 6#k.*n 所做的事情，举动n.action行为，动作做比说更重要。Actions are more important than words.容易动作的过程，运用力量或影响力的过程n.动作，活动做比说更重要。The time has come for action.一个物质对另一个物质所起的作用action on作用盐作用于冰而使其融化。The action of salt on ice causes it to melt.容易 6#kt*7veit使（某事物）活动activate使活动，起动他的崇高精神大大地吸引并且激励了别人。His loft

38、y spirit has greatly attracted and activated others.中等 6#ktiv 惯于做某事，精力旺盛的，积极的，a.active有活动力的，活跃的，敏捷的，在活动中的他是俱乐部的积极分子。He is an active member of the club.容易 #k6tiviti8 繁忙的或充满活力的活动n.activity活动课外活动太多,占去了我们很多宝贵的学习时间。Too many extracurricular activities take up too much of our precious time for study.容易具有积极

39、的，充满活力的n.活性，活力教室里充满了活跃的气氛，每个孩子都忙个不停。The classroom was full of activity; every child was busy. 6#kt* 在舞台上，电视里，电影中扮演角色的男人n.actor男演员他是一个专业演员。He is a professional actor.容易 6#ktris 在舞台上，电视里，电影中扮演角色的女人n.actress女演员我的詹妮弗姨妈是一位女演员。My aunt Jennifer is an actress.容易 6#kt.u8*l 事实上存在的，实在的，真实的，确实的a.actual实际的，现实的实际

40、的修理费用比我们预期的要低得多。The actual cost of repairs was a lot less than we had expected.容易 *6kju8t 指感觉或感官敏锐的，深刻的，剧烈的a.acute敏锐的，尖锐的尽管她已经八十岁了,但她的听觉仍然很灵敏。She still has very acute hearing, though she is eighty years old.中等指疾病很快就发展到了最严重或最关键的阶段a.（疾病）急性地肺炎是一种急性病。Pneumonia is an acute disease. 即公历纪元。以传说耶稣的诞生年为公元元年，相

41、当于我国西汉平帝元始元年。这年以前称公元前。因为世界多数国家所采用，故称公元。缩写源自拉丁文的anno dominiADA.D.公元莎士比亚生于公元1564年。Shakespeare was born in 1564 AD.容易 7#dv*6taizm*nt, #d6v*8tis, -tiz- 登、出广告的行为、活动n.ad=advertisement广告墙上贴满了广告。The wall was covered with advertisements.中等 *6d#pt 为电视、舞台等改编或改写稿本v.adapt 改编，改写这部电影是由小说改编的。The movie was adapted f

42、rom a novel.中等适应新环境adapt to（使）适应，合适他移居加拿大后孩子们很能适应变化。When he moved to Canada, the children adapted to the change very well.中等 7#d#p6tei.*n 从其他事物改制过来的事物，尤指为舞台演出、无线电广播等而源自其他材料的改编本n.adaptation改编这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。The play is an adaptation of a short novel.中等尤用于生物学指去适应或适应性的反应性的活动或行为n.适应这是因地制宜的原则。Its the pri

43、ciple of adaptation to local conditions. #d 继续说，进一步充实说话的内容v.add补充说，又说我要补充的是我们非常高兴。I should add that we are very pleased.容易增加某事物add to加，增加焰火使节日的夜晚更加生色。Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.容易总计共达add up to合计，总计这部电影赚了不少眼泪。This movie adds up to a lot of tears.中等 *6di.*n 加，尤指计算两个或两个以上的数

44、目的总和n.addition（增）加，加法这男孩会加法，但不大会乘法。The boy is good at addition, but not at multiplication.中等增加或加入的人或事物n.附加物新出生的弟弟使我们家多了一口人。Our baby brother is an addition to our family.加上另外的人或事物in addition另外除此（名单上的名字）之外，还有六个申请人。In addition (to the names on the list), there are six other applicants.容易不计算在内in additio

45、n to除之外除了遗传基因外,智力的高低还取决于良好的营养,良好的教育和良好的家庭环境。In addition to gene, intelligence also depends on an adequate diet, a good education and a decent home environment.容易额外加上的，超出定额或范围的a.additional附加的，另外的，额外的在圣诞节航空公司增加了几次航班。The airline runs additional flights at Christmas.容易 *6dres 某人的详细住址，工作地点或能找到他的地方，邮件等能送达

46、的地方n.address地址，通讯处如果你的地址改变了，请告诉。Tell me if you change your address.中等对听众所讲的演讲n.致词欢迎词。an address of welcome在信件、包裹等上写收件人或公司等的名字及地址v.致函，写姓名地址信封上写着杰克约翰逊先生收。The envelope is addressed to Jack Johnson, Esq.向某人或听众讲话（尤指正式的）v.向讲话足球队长向队员讲话。The football captain addressed him team. 6#dikwit 数量或质量上令人满意的，充分的a.adeq

47、uate足够的，充分的，恰当的滑冰者的技术只能说是差强人意。The skaters technique was only adequate.中等 #d6hi* 保持与某事物的黏着状态，固着与某事物v.adhere 粘附，胶着这两个表面相互粘附在一起,我们无法把两者分开。The two surface adhered to each other, and we couldnt get them apart.中等对某事物保持忠实，坚持某事物adhere to坚持如果没有相反的事实,我将坚持我的意见。I will adhere to this opinion until contrary facts

48、 appear.中等坐落在与某事物相邻或最近的地方，相接触的adjacent to邻近的，毗邻的这花园与一座教堂相连。The garden is adjacent to a church.中等 6#d/iktiv 表示作为名词的人或事物的性质的词n.adjective形容词在短语“一扇绿色的大门”中，“大的”和“绿色的”都是形容词。In the phrase “a big green door”, “big” and “green” are both adjectives.容易关于形容词的a.形容词的形容词从句。an adjective clause容易 *6d/%in 与某事物最靠近或毗邻v

49、.adjoin毗邻，靠近我们的房子跟他们的毗邻。Our house adjoins theirs.中等 *6d/(st 把某事物作细微的调整使它能够被正常的利用v.adjust调整，调节，校正他使自己很快适应了这个国家炎热的气候。He adjusted himself very quickly to the heat of the country.中等 #d6mini7streit /#d6minist*掌管的有关事务，治理v.administrate/administer掌管，料理的事务他经管过一项信托基金。He administered a trust fund中等使某事物运行起来，施行v

50、.实施，执行政府治理国家。The government administers a country.正式发给或给予某事物，供给v.给予，投（药)她心地善良,每天都来给这位孤寡老人服药。She was so kind that she came to administer the medicine to the lonely old sick woman. #d7mini6strei.*n 美国总统任期，美国总统任期内的政府n.administration政府历届政府均未能解决国家的经济问题。Successive administrations have failed to solve the

51、countrys economic problem.容易公共事务的管理，经营企业事务n.管理，经营他从事医院管理工作。He works in hospital administration.公共事务的管理及相关部门n.行政（机关，部门）校长的行政工作比教学工作多。Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. 7#dm*6rei.*n 钦佩的感觉，十分的赞同或满意n.admiration钦佩，赞美玛丽亚怀着羡慕的心情看着这条裙子。Maria looked at the skirt with admiration.中等 #d6mai