考研英语模拟题

1、考研英语模拟题07Section Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) from each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Treasury could pocket 20 million a year in extra fines once the countrys speed camera network is expanded. Motoring organization

2、s warned that the _1_could become a poll tax on wheels, _2_huge number of drivers. There could be many more incidents of vandalism _3_cameras.The warnings came_4_a Daily Mail survey found almost all the 23 police forces in England and Wales were either_5_to expansion plans or considering _6_.Nationw

3、ide, the number of speeding tickets is expected to treble,_7_ 90 million a year._8_the scheme, police keep some of the cash from fines to _9_the costs of fitting and maintaining extra cameras and_10_that existing ones always have film in them. The rest will go to the Treasury. Both Ministers and pol

4、ice insist the scheme is aimed_11_at making roads safer. They point to trials in eight areas which cut collisions by a quarter and deaths and serious injuries by _12_a half. But motoring organizations fear cameras will be sited on relatively safe_13_fast stretches to catch as many drivers as possibl

5、e. Some forces are also expected to_14_the threshold speeds at which cameras are_15_to the absolute legal minimum-15 mph in a 10 mph limit, and 26 mph in a 20 mph zone. This could encourage drivers to stare at their speedometers instead of concentrating on the road, and _16_to more accidents. Sue Ni

6、cholson, head of campaigns at the RAC, said, We dont have a problem with speed cameras _17_. But we do have concerns about_18_they are sited. Police risk losing credibility _19_motorists if cameras are seen as revenue-raising _20_safety devices. 1. A promotions B punishments C penalties D payments2.

7、 A isolating B separating C alienating D detaching3. A towards B against C before D over4. A so B once C as D where5. A subjected B engaged C intended D committed6. A taking part B keeping silence C making exception D paying respect7. A financing B profiting C funding D netting 8. A From B Under C O

8、n D With9. A hide B cover C conceal D veil10. A pledging B assuring C confirming D ensuring11. A essentially B strongly C wholeheartedly D purely 12. A in all B fewer than C at most D up to13. A but B whereas C though D while14. A fit B put C set D fix15. A levered B geared C handled D triggered16.

9、A lead B add C contribute D resort17. A any less B by itself C after all D as such18. A who B when C where D which19. A in B with C against D for20. A in spite of B far from C rather than D by means ofSection Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions b

10、elow each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Passage 1BBC s Casualty programme on Saturday evening gave viewers a vote as to which of two patients should benefit from a donation. But it failed to tell us that we would not need to make so many life-and-deat

11、h decisions if we got to grip with the chronic organ shortage. Being pussyfooting around in its approach to dead bodies, the Government is giving a kicking to some of the most vulnerable in our society. One depressing consequence of this is that a significant number of those on the waiting list take

12、 off to foreign countries to purchase an organ from a living third-world donor, something that is forbidden in the United Kingdom. The poor have no option but to wait in vain. The Human Tissue Authoritys position on the retention of body parts for medical research after a post-mortem examination is

13、equally flawed. The new consent forms could have been drafted by some evil person seeking to stop the precious flow of human tissue into the pathological laboratory. The forms are so lengthy that doctors rarely have time to complete them and, even if they try, the wording is so graphic that relative

14、s tend to leg it before signing. In consequence, the number of post mortems has fallen quickly.The wider worry is that the moral shortsightedness evident in the Human Tissue Act seems to infect every facet of the contemporary debate on medical ethics. Take the timid approach to embryonic stem cell r

15、esearch. The United States, for example, refuses government funding to scientists who wish to carry out potentially ground-breaking research on the surplus embryos created by IVF treatment. Senators profess to be worried that embryonic research fails to respect the dignity of potential persons. Rare

16、ly can such a vacuous concept have found its way into a debate claming to provide enlightenment. When is this potential supposed to kick in? In case you were wondering, these supposedly precious embryos are at the same stage of development as those that are routinely terminated by the Pill without a

17、nyone crying. Thankfully, the British Government has refused the position of the United States and operates one of the most liberal regimes in Europe, in which licences have been awarded to researchers to create embryos for medical research. It is possible that, in years to come, scientists will be

18、able to grow organs in the lab and find cures for a range of debilitating diseases.The fundamental problem with our approach to ethics is our inability to separate emotion from policy. The only factor that should enter our moral and legal deliberations is that of welfare, a concept that is meaningle

19、ss when applied to entities that lack self-consciousness. Never forget that the research that we are so reluctant to conduct upon embryos and dead bodies is routinely carried out on living, pain-sensitive animals.1. What has caused the chronic organ shortage?A a decrease in donation rates. B ineffic

20、ient governmental policy.C illegal trade in human organs. D news medias indifference.2. The expression pussyfooting around (Line 3, Paragraph 1) might mean_.A unfair B hesitant C secret D strict3. The moral shortsightedness is revealed in the fact that _.A the government has stopped the experiment o

21、n human tissue B the donation consent forms are difficult to understandC the Human Tissues Act is an obstacle to important medical researchD embryonic research shows disregard for human life4. To which of the following is the author most likely to agree?A the rich and the poor are equal in the face

22、of death.B more scientists are needed for the medical advancement.C there is a double standard in medical ethics.D the dead deserve the same attention as the living.5. The author is most critical of_.A the media B doctorsC U. S. legislators D the British governmentPassage 2In the late 1980s, Akio Mo

23、rita, the co-founder of Sony Corp. , embarked on the most costly shopping expedition of his long career. A visionary who believed that Sonys future lay in the convergence of hardware and content such as music and film, Morita eventually set his sights on Columbia Pictures Entertainment, with its two

24、 studios and a vast library of movie titles and television series. In September, 1989, after months of on-again, off-again negotiations, Sony agreed to pay the inflated asking price of $3.2 billion and assume $1.6 billion in debt.What was the rationale for such a decision? According to John Nathans

25、Sony: The Private Life, it was motivated only by senior executives desire to please the company patriarch. Even Morita, then Sonys chairman and CEO, believed that Columbias price tag, originally $35 per share, was exorbitant. In a closed-door meeting in August, 1989, details of which have never been

26、 fully revealed, he told his seven top aides, who made up the decision-making executive committee, that he was abandoning the idea of the acquisition.That would have been the end of it had Morita not voiced regret over dinner that evening with the committee members. Its too bad, he lamented, Ive alw

27、ays dreamed of owning a Hollywood studio. The next day, the group reconvened and promptly decided that Sony would purchase Columbia after all. In the weeks that followed, Sony upped its bid from an initial $15 to $27 a share and, by late September, made a deal that was ridiculed by industry experts.

28、 In 1994, mismanagement forced Sony to write off $2.7 billion and assume a loss of $510 million for its Hollywood experiment.Sony: The Private Life is filled with such insiders tales, making it the most vivid and detailed account in English of the personalities who built the $50 billion-plus consume

29、r-electronics giant. Nathan, a professor of Japanese cultural studies at the University of California, got access to dozens of executives who had contributed to or witnessed Sonys development since its 1946 founding in war-devastated Tokyo. Nathan offers, however, only limited analysis of Sony, the

30、corporation. And he tends to go over well-trodden ground: how Sony established itself in the U.S. and how it developed famous products or devices. Much of this has appeared before in articles and, to a lesser extent, in books.This is not to say that Nathans book has no point of view. The companys un

31、derlying problem, as illustrated in the Columbia case, is that the environment in which the Sony Corporation has historically conducted its affairs is less public than personal, less rational than sentimental. In conclusion, Nathan says that, under the current leadership of President Nobuyuki Idei,

32、Sony is emerging as a rational company. Moreover, Idei and his practical-minded managers are intent on reinventing Sony as an Internet company. From now on, says Nathan, personal relationships are not likely again to figure decisively. But how will this Sony fare? Nathan admits that a dazzling futur

33、e is far from guaranteed.1. Which of the following is true of Sonys acquisition of Columbia Pictures?A It was motivated by Moritas desire to project an image of success.B Sonys top executives were quite convinced of its benefits for the company.C Entertainment industry insiders believed it was the f

34、ailure of Hollywood.D It was the expensive expansion from electronics into entertainment.2. The word patriarch (line 2, paragraph 2) most probably means_.A founder B monarch C elder D forerunner3. It can be inferred from the last two paragraphs that_.A Sony: The Private Life is the biography of Akio

35、 MoritaB Sonys Japanese leaders have been too practical-mindedC this management problem of Sony cannot be rectified overnightD Nathan did not write about how Sony established itself as the electronics giant4. Nathans attitude towards Morita seems to be of_.A strong distaste B implicit criticismC ent

36、husiastic support D reserved consent5. The best title for the passage may be_.A Sonys Shopping Expedition B Sony: the Private LifeC Who Drove Sony to Ground D Sony: Management by ImpulsePassage 3Not long after the telephone was invented, I assume, a call was placed. The caller was a parent saying, Y

37、our child is bullying my child, and I want it stopped! the bullys parent replied, You must have the wrong number. My child is a little angel.A trillion phone calls later, the conversation is the same. When children are teased or tyrannized, the parental impulse is to grab the phone and rant. But the

38、se days, as studies in the U.S.show bullying on the rise and parental supervision on the decline, researchers who study bullying say that calling moms and dads is more futile than ever. Such calls often lead to playground recriminations and dont really teach our kids any lessons about how to navigat

39、e the world and resolve conflicts.When you call parents, you want them to extract the cruelty from their bullying children, says Laura Kavesh, a child psychologist in Evanston, Illinois. But many parents are blown away by the idea of their child being cruel. They wont believe it. In a recent police-

40、department survey in Oak Harbor, Washington, 89% of local high school students said they had engaged in bullying behavior. Yet only 18% of parents thought their children would act as bullies.In a new U.S.PTA survey, 5% of parents support contacting other parents to deal with bullying. But many educa

41、tors warn that those conversations can be misinterpreted, causing tempers to flare. Instead, they say, parents should get objective outsiders, like principals, to mediate.Meanwhile, if you get a call from a parent who is angry about your childs bullying, listen without getting defensive. Thats what

42、Laura McHugh of Castro Valley, California, did when a caller told her that her then 13-year-old son had spit in another boys food. Her son had confessed, but the victims mom wanted to make sure my son hadnt given her son a nasty disease, says McHugh, who apologized and promised to get her son tested

43、 for AIDS and other diseases. She knew the chance of contracting any disease this way was remote, but her promise calmed the mother and showed McHughs son that his bad behaviour was being taken seriously. McHugh, founder of Parents Coach Kids, a group that teaches parenting skills, sent the mom the

44、test results. All were negative.Remember: once you make a call, you might not like what you hear. If you have an itchy dialing finger, resist temptation. Put it in your pocket. 1.The word bullying probably means _.A frightening and hurting B teasing C behaving like a tyrant D laughing at2. Calling t

45、o a bullys parent _.A has long existed but changed its contentB is often done with careful thinkingC often leads to blaming and misunderstandingD is used to warn the child not to do it again3. According to the surveys in the U. S., _. A bullying among adults is also risingB parents are not supervisi

46、ng their children wellC parents seldom believe bulliesD most parents resort to calling to deal with bullying4. When bullying occurs, parents should _.A help the bulling child get rid of crueltyB resort to the mediatorC avoid getting too protective D resist the temptation of calling5.Laura McHugh pro

47、mised to get the bullied boy tested for diseases because _.A her son confessed to being wrongB she was afraid to annoy the boys parentC he was likely to be affected by these diseasesD she wanted to teach her own son a lessonPassage 4One of the silliest things in our recent history was the use of Vic

48、torian as a term of contempt or abuse. It had been made fashionable by Lytton Strachey with his clever, superficial and ultimately empty book Eminent Victorians, in which he damned with faint praise such Victorian heroes as General Gordon and Florence Nightingale. Stracheys demolition job was clever

49、 because it ridiculed the Victorians for exactly those qualities on which they prided themselves-their high mindedness, their marked moral intensity, their desire to improve the human condition and their confidence that they had done so.Yet one saw, even before the 100th anniversary of the death of

50、Queen Victoria this year, that there were signs these sneering attitudes were beginning to change. Programmes on radio and television about Victoria and the age that was named after her managed to humble themselves only about half the time. People were beginning to realize that there was something h

51、eroic about that epoch and, perhaps, to fear that the Victorian age was the last age of greatness for this country. Now a new book, What The Victorians Did For Us, aims further to redress the balance and remind us that, in most essentials, our own age is really an extension of what the Victorians cr

52、eated. You can start with the list of Victorian inventions. They were great lovers of gadgets from the smallest domestic ones to new ways of propelling ships throughout the far-flung Empire. In medicine, anaesthesia (developed both here and in America) allowed surgeons much greater time in which to

53、operate-and hence to work on the inner organs of the body-not to mention reducing the level of pain and fear of patients.To the Victorians we also owe lawn tennis, a nationwide football association under the modern rules, powered funfair rides, and theatres offering mass entertainment. And, of cours

54、e, the modern seaside is almost entirely a Victorian invention. There is, of course, a darker side to the Victorian period. Everyone knows about it mostly because the Victorians catalogued it themselves. Henry Mayhews wonderful set of volumes on the lives of the London poor, and official reports on

55、prostitution, on the workhouses and on child labour-reports and their statistics that were used by Marx when he wrote Das Kapital-testify to the social conscience that was at the center of Victorian values.But now, surely, we can appreciate the Victorian achievement for what it was-the creation of t

56、he modern world. And when we compare the age of Tennyson and Darwin, of John Henry Newman and Carlyle, with our own, the only sensible reaction is one of humility: We are our fathers shadows cast at noon.1.According to the author, Lytton Stracheys book Eminent Victorians _.A accurately described the

57、 qualities of the people of the ageB superficially praised the heroic deeds of the VictoriansC was highly critical of the contemporary people and institutionsD was guilty of spreading prejudices against the Victorians2. The change in the attidues towards the Vcitorians is revealed in the fact that _.A the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria is celebratedB the media publicizes events or people about the Victorian ageC people begin to highly praise Victorian h