高一英语教案：第4讲 不定式用法总结

1、辅导教案学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级：高一 辅导科目：英语 授课日期年月日时 间A / B / C / D / E / F段主 题不定式用法总结 教学内容（本次课的重点、难点以及达到怎样的情感目标）1.掌握不定式的基本用法及常考考点；2.能在具体的语境中灵活运用动词不定式。教学建议：1. 此部分主要让学生了解不定式的部分用法，尤其是不定式在句子中所充当的成分。2. 建议老师让学生来猜测句子所表达的含义3. 通过比较几个句子黑体部分不定式所在位置及含义总结出不定式在句子中所充当的成分。名句赏析1. To know everything is to know nothing 百事皆通，百事不能。

2、2. Learn to walk before you run. 循序渐进。 3. Never offer to teach fish to swim不要班门弄斧。 4. He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself. 正人先正己。 5. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. 早睡早起，令人健康，富有而且聪明。6. He who has a mind to beat his dog will find his stick

3、欲加之罪，何患无辞。教学建议： 1. 此部分内容较多，建议老师根据学生的程度选择使用；2. 对于程度中等及偏上的学生可采用以教带学的方式，每个学生负责一个知识点进行讲解，辅以对应的练习来检测学生掌握情况，对于学生错误较多之处老师进行重点讲解和拓展；3. 对于程度中等以下的学生，老师需要对没一个考点逐一进行讲解；4. 较简单的课堂练习可以采取边做边讲或者现场提问的形式以节约课堂时间。动词不定式i. 不定式作主语1. 不定式作主语和表语口语中常用it作形式主语。2. 若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加for sb.。3. 但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如kind，good

4、nice，wise，clever，silly，wrong9 right, foolish, stupid, careless, considerate, rude, naughty, polite, agreeable等），不定式前加of sb.。4. 不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。专项练习1.Howthe problem will be discussed some time later this afternoon.A. to solveB. to be solveC. being solvedD. solving2.Is it necessary th

5、e geography book at once?A. for her to returnB. that she must returnC. her returningD. of him to return3.It forty-five minutes there by bus.A. costs. to getB. costs. gettingC. takes. to getD. takes. getting4.This grammar point is later.A. to explainB. to have been explainedC. to be explainedD. to be

6、 explaining5.Tom seemed the good news.A. to learnB. to be learningC. to have learnedD. to have been learningKeys: 1-5 A A C C Cii. 不定式作宾语1. 只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有： （“希望”干）wish, hope, expect, long, desire; （早“打算”）plan, mean, prepare, attempt, intend; （“同意”“否”）agree, consent, refuse, decline; （“寻”“问

7、”看）seek, ask, beg; （“选”“定”了）choose, decide, determine, promise; （“尽”“自愿”）manage, volunteer, tend; (“称”“失败”）claim, fail; （“敢”“装蒜”）dare, pretend2. 可用于“动词+ it+形容词名词+to do sth”结构中的动词有feel, find, make, think, believe, consider等。3. 以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，will

8、ing等。4. 有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词but，about，except，save等。专项练习1.The flu is believedby viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. to have been caused2.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions

9、needA. that. . to be improvedB. which . to be improvedC. where. . . to be improvingD. when. . improving3.Rememberthe magazine when you have finished reading it.A. putting backB. having put backC. to put backD. will put back4.Im sorry I forgotyour dictionary.Lets use Li Huas.A. to takeB. takingC. to

10、bringD. bringing5.At the moment, Jason is considering next.A. to do whatB. what to doC. doing whatD. what doing6.I first consideredto him, but then I decided him.A. writing. phoningB. to write. . . to phoneC. writing. to phoneD. to write. . . phoning7.Tom is always forgetting things he has done. Yes

11、terday, he forgot and looked for it everywhere.A. to post the letterB. to have the letter postedC. to having posted the letterD. having posted the letter8.You didnt hear us come in last night. We tried noisy.A. to be notB. not to beC. not beingD. being not9.My brother regretteda lecture given by Pro

12、f. Wang.A. missingB. to missC. missedD. being missing10.I regretyou that we are unable to offer you a job.A. informingB. having informed C. to informD. to informing11.He felt tired with typing the lecture. So he stoppeda short break.A. havingB. to haveC. takingD. to taking12.In order to gain a bigge

13、r share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving their products more competitive.A. to makeB. makingC. to have madeD. having made13.She had no choice but in the corner of the room.A. to sit. weptB. to sit. . weepingC. sit. weptD. sat. . . weeping14.You have come just in tim

14、e to help us.Fine. What needs?A. I doB. doneC. to be doneD. to do15.That evening, he set aboutthe reportthe next morning.A. write. to hand inB. to write. . handing inC. written. to hand inD. writing. to be handed in16.There seemed nothingto do butfor the doctor.A. leave. send B. left. to sendC. left

15、. sendD. leaving. send17.Do you think it difficulta dolphin?A. to train. jumpingB. training. for jumpingC. to train. jumpD. to train. to jump18.I preferrather than.A. to do some reading. watching TVB. doing some reading. watching TVC. to do some reading. watch TVD. doing some reading. to watch TV19.

16、The two boys pretendedvery hard, though they did nothing.A. studyB. studyingC. to be studiedD. to be studyingKeys: 1-5 CACCB 6-10 CDBAC 11-15 BAB CD 16-19CDCDiii. 不定式作宾语补足语1. 常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有ask，allow，advise，beg，call on，expect，force, forbid, invite, teach, would like, depend on. wait for等。2. 以省略t

17、o的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一感），listen to，hear(二听)；have，let，make(三使”)；look at，see，watch，observe，notice（五看）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带to，let除外。专项练习1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.A. to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to be is

18、sued2.The girl is often listened to songs in the next room.A. practice to singB. practice singingC. to practice to singD. to practice singing3.What can we do to help Li Ming?All we can do is to try that he should study even harder.A. making him to realizeB. making him realizeC. to make him realizeD.

19、 to make him to realize4.Soon they saw the two strangers in the crowd.A. disappearB. to disappearC. disappearingD. disappeared5.Professor Smith has his students compositions every Friday.A. to writeB. writtenC. writeD. writing6.The boys were seen model ships in the room when someone rang the bell.A.

20、 madeB. to makeC. makingD. to be making7.I heard the guide so.A. saysB. sayingC. sayD. said8.Mr. Brown was made his teaching because of his poor health.A. give upB. giving upC. to give upD. to giving up9.Shall we go and listen to the reviewers on the new book?A. to commentB. commentC. to commentingD

21、. being commented10.Mrs. White made her pupils the text every day.A. reciteB. recitedC. recitingD. to recite11.The student asked the teacher .A. repeat the question againB. repeating the questionC. to repeating the questionD. to repeat the question12.The museum is said in a big fire five years ago.A

22、. to be destroyedB. to have been destroyedC. to be destroyingD. to have been destroying13.Jane wishes us with her.A. to go alongB. going alongC. went alongD. will go along14.My motor-cycle has broken down. Would you help me ?A. to get it to startB. get it startC. to get it startedD. getting it start

23、ed15.The boss ordered the hall .A. to sweepB. to be sweptC. should sweepD. being sweptKeys: 1-5 ADC AC 6-10 CCCBA 11-15 DBACBiv. 不定式作定语1. 不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应在动词后加上合适的介词。2. 数词和最高级后常接不定式，如the first，the second，the last，the best等。3. 有些名词后常接不定式，如time，way，right，chance，reason等。专项练习1.Id like to

24、 buy a car made in Shanghai.Okay, Sir. You have several models.A. to chooseB. to be chosen fromC. to choose fromD. for choosing2.Its timerice.A. for transplantB. of transplantingC. to transplantD. to transplanting3.It is a very difficult problem. I need a few days.A. of thinking over itB. to think i

25、t overC. of thinking it overD. to think over it4.People need homesand food.A. to live. to eatB. to live in. to eatC. live. . . to eatD. to live in. to eat for5.Columbus was the firstthe New Continent.A. to have discoveredB. to discoverC. discoveringD. having discoveredKeys: 1-5 CCBBBv. 不定式作状语1. 不定式作

26、状语主要表目的、结果和原因。2. 常用的表示目的短语有：to do，in order to do，so as to do，（so as to不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用in order not to或so as not to;不能只用not to do。3. 常用tooto，enough to，only to，so+形容词副词+as to，such a+名词+as to等结构表示结果。4. 常用表示情绪的动词surprised，joy，glad，pleased等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如to tell you the truth，to

27、be exaot，to be sure, to be frank (with you),to be honest, to cut a long story short, to start with, to begin with, to say nothing, to be brief等。专项练习1.The flat is much too small .A. for the family to liveB. for the family to live inC. that the family cant live inD. that the family cant live2.The teac

28、her didnt speak clearly enough .A. so everyone to understandB. for every one understoodC. for everyone to understandD. for understanding3.Do you think Julia is easy ?A. to get along withB. to get alongC. to be got along withD. to getting along with4.Prof. Bushs talk in English was easy .A. for us in

29、 followingB. for us to be followedC. to be followedD. for us to follow5.The water-melon juice is nice .A. to drink itB. to be drunkC. to drinkD. to be drinking6.The patients were waiting the doctor.A. to seeB. for to seeC. for seeingD. seeing7. , I dont want to argue with them about the matter.A. To

30、 tell you the truthB. Telling the truthC. Having told you the truthD. Out of the truth8.The soldier spoke to the boy kindly him.A. to not frightenB. so as not to frightenC. in order to not frightenD. for not frightening9.Would you be good enough to the bus station?A. showing me the wayB. as to show

31、me the wayC. to show me the wayD. so you can show me the way10. Tom was so careless his car unlocked.A. to leaveB. that he leavesC. as to leaveD. leavingKeys: 1-5 BCADC 6-10 AABCCvi. 不定式的时态与语态意义1. 不定式的时态意义 1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。 2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。 3)完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。 a. ha

32、ppen, seem, be reported, be said, be likely等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完成式。 b. 在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。 c. 完成式用在某些动词后，如pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，would like等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。2. 不定式的语态意义 1)当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。 2) be+easy/ difficult/ fit/ hard结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。 3) there be结构中不定式多用主动语态表

33、被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。 4)当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。专项练习1.Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told2.Robert is said abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to studyC. to be studyingD. to have b

34、een studying3.One of the salesman in this shop is .A. saying to have been firedB. said to have been firedC. saying to have firedD. said do have fired4.Mr. Brown is said for Italy last week.A. to have leftB. to haveC. to be leavingD. to have been left5.He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing

35、shopping yesterday.A. being badly treatedB. to be treated badlyC. treating badlyD. to have been treated badlyKeys: 1-5 DDBADvii. 省去to的动词不定式1. 并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的to要省略。2. 在had better, would rather, would ratherthan, rather than, would sooner, would soonerthan, cannot but, cannot help but, do not

36、hing but, might as well, do nothing besides, do nothing than( except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。3. 在（一“感）feel，（二“听”）hear，listen to，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五看）look at， see，watch，notice，observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to。4. 当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to；在cant help意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannot help

37、 but意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。5. rather than，sooner than位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。6. 主语是all，what引导的从句，或者主语受only，the first，one，least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。7. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。专项练习1.Id rather lose the game .A. not to hurt himB. not hurt himC. than to hurt himD. than hurt him2.Has he any other choice but

38、 as you have told him?A. to doB. doC. doingD. hell do3.Tom did nothing else but back all he owned.A. takenB. tookC. takingD. take4.All the people in the hall couldnt but , hearing such an absurd story.A. to laughB. laughC. laughingD. to laughing5.You should have thanked her before you left.I meant,

39、but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A. to doB. toC. doingD. doing soKeys: 1-5 DADB Bviii. 带介词to的动词短语和不定式的省略1. 有些动词短语中的to是介词，后需要，接名词或动名词，注意要与动词不定式区分。这些动词短语有get down to，keep to，find ones wayto，put ones heart to，admit to, turn to, lead to, look forward to, put one-s mind to, stick to, be

40、 related to, be familiarto, be accustomed to, get used to, be faithful to, see to, be equal to，be object to, in addition to，be open to等。 2. 一些情态动词ought to，need to，dare to，would/ would like to, would love to，used to，have to，be going to，be able to后省略已提到的或已知的内容。3. 动词want, plan, decide, love, like, prom

41、lse, know, forget, prepare, hope, wish, try,refuse，hate，expect，fail，manage，agree，pretend，afford后省略已提到的或已知的内容。4. 疑问词接不定式作宾语时不定式后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。5. 形容词afraid, anxious, careful, eager, glad, happy, kind, lucky, proud，ready, sorry,able后可省略已提到的或已知的内容。6. 动词allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, force, g

42、et, order, permit, teach, prefer, want，warn，wish，command，forbid后作主补或者宾补的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。 7. 作名词time，chance，duty，right，way定语的不定式可省略已提及或已知的内容。8. it作形式主语，不定式作逻辑主语时，可省略已提及或已知的内容。9. 如果重复的不定式是to be或者to have时，通常保留be或have。10. 作有些感官动词（feel，hear，listen to，let，have，make，see等）的宾补时，to,必须省去。专项练习1. Have you got us

43、ed here now?A. to liveB. livingC. to livingD. to be living2.Those who were object the suggestions were asked to put up their hands.A. to acceptingB. to acceptC. for acceptingD. for3.Would you like to go with us for an outing tomorrow?Yes,.A. Id likeB. Id like to goC. Id loveD. Id like to4.Thomas wan

44、ted to buy a sports car, but he .A. wasnt able toB. wasnt able to affordC. wasnt ableD. didnt able to5.Will you show me a guide book?A. where to getB. where to getting C. where gettingD. where in gettingKeys: 1-5 CAD A A（教学建议：1 规定学生必须在20分钟内完成；2 相互交换批改，表扬正确率最高的学生；3 做对的学生给做错的学生讲题；4 让每个学生简单总结一下错误原因及应该注

45、意的问题。A. 选择最佳答案。(高三12年一模)1. A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need _ . (12宝山区一模) A. make B. to make C. to be made D. made2. Many farmers in the countryside have gone to cities to look for work and left their children behind _ by

46、 their grandparents. (12崇明区一模) A. to be raised B. raised C. being raised D. raising3. _ global temperature rising, the UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun, Mexico last year. （12奉贤区一模） A. Prevented B. Preventing C. Having prevented D. To prevent4. I have tried everything I can _ him to st

47、ay, but without success, so I wish him good luck. （12虹口区一模）A. persuade B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade5. Your job is to make my work easier, _ it more difficult. （12黄浦区一模）A. not make B. not to make C. not to making D. not making6. The first black president of the United States of Ame

48、rica, Barack Obama, won the election in the end, but it remains, of course, _ whether he can overcome the present difficulties. （12金山区一模）A. to see B. seen C. seeingD. to be seen7. You should allow two weeks for your visa application . （12静安区一模）A. to process B. to be processed C. processed D. to be p

49、rocessing8. Medical experts say the most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is for people _ their hands with soap and water. （12卢湾区一模）A. to wash B. washed C. washing D. being washed9. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the clouds around me. （12卢

50、湾区一模）A. enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to enjoy10.The little girl showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed _ for it pretty well. (12闵行区一模)A. to prepare B. to have preparedC. having prepared D. to be preparing11. Studies show that daydreaming contributes significantly to concentration po

51、wers and the ability with others. (12浦东新区一模)A. communicating B. to be communicated C. to communicate D. to communicating12. Although parents seem _good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with lifes difficulties. (

52、12普陀区一模)A. given B. giving C. to be given D. to be giving13. Mr. Wang made up his mind to devote all he could_ his oral English before going abroad. (12普陀区一模)A. improve B. to improve C. improving D. to improving 14. The plan _ by 2012 will expand the citys telephone network to cover as many users as possible. (12青浦区一模)A. accomplished B. being accomplishedC. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished15. The flu is believed _by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells