高等学校研究生英语综合教程上Unit_10

1、高等院校研究生英语系列教材,综合教程（上） INTEGRATED COURSE,Unit 10,The Role of Education,Content,Starting out Reading Focus Reading More Practical Translation Focused Writing Final Project,Task 1 The following is a list of the core courses offered by colleges or universities. Select what you think are the three most i

2、mportant core courses from the list below. Compare your choices with those of your partners and give reasons for your choices. (P276),Starting out,Economics,Geography,History,Physiology,Psychology,English, dancing, etc),Arts (music, painting,Math,Philosophy,Chinese,P.E.,Computer,Management,Religion,

3、Law,Task 2 In the mid 1980s, Chinas college enrollment rate stood at about 3% of the population, lower than that of many other developing countries. In the early 1990s, the number rose to 5%. In 1999, universities enrolled 1.59 million students, which was a 41.2 percent rise from the previous year.

4、Since then, the numbers have just kept climbing. In 2002, the college enrollment rate reached 15% percent. It rose to 19% in 2005. Some people think the expansion policy is necessary to improve the quality of the nations education while others believe that the expansion is responsible for a decline

5、in the quality of teaching as well as the intense competition in the job market. What is your opinion on this issue? Use examples, facts or figures to support your ideas. (P276),Starting outTask 2,Task 2 Useful words and expressions:,Starting outTask 2,a just, equitable and productive society qualit

6、y of education skilled workforce low-income areas minority students rising tuition fees heavy financial burden meet the demands of the workplace incapable of tackling practical problems boost economic development increase the skill base of the country,Task 3 In most parts of China, when students rea

7、ch the second grade at senior high school, they are required to specialize in either science or arts courses. The two courses are very different and some people dislike being streamlined so early in their educational career. What do you think of this practice? Talk to your partner and tell them abou

8、t your experience. (P277),Starting outTask 3,Starting out,Now watch a video about Princeton University. Listen carefully and complete the blank-filling exercise.,1. Princeton University is located in Princeton, New Jersey in the suburban historic town of_ including farmlands and forests. 2. One of t

9、he things that weve seen in the last years is _in the class. 3. Princeton offers one of the strongest financial aid programs in the country. Thats why 58% of undergraduates receive financial aid thats not needed _. 4. Some of the most popular majors in Princeton are politics, history, _. 5. Our facu

10、lties are leaders in their fields and theyre pushing back _ in terms of their research.,Starting out,diverse surroundings,the gender balance,to be paid back,molecular biology and engineering,intellectual limits,The Role of the Academy in Times of Crisis,Reading Focus,Reading Focus,Listen to a talk o

11、n education and educational system, and answer the following questions. 1) Whats the purpose of education? 2) Whats thought to be fashionable in many modern countries? 3) Why do some people refuse to do what they think of as low jobs? 4) Why is the work of a completely uneducated farmer far more imp

12、ortant than that of a professor? 5) What kind of education is valuable to the society?,Background Information,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Task 1 Its important to be able to find the main idea in a paragraph. The main idea tells the reader what the paragraph is mostly about. All of the other s

13、entences in a paragraph are details that tell the reader more about the main idea. The main idea is usually stated in a topic sentence. The topic sentence is often the first sentence or it may come a little later in the paragraph or even at the end. Its important to be able to distinguish the main i

14、dea from the supporting details in reading materials. Sometimes the main idea is not written explicitly but rather suggested. Sometimes it may be expressed in more than one sentence. There are seven paragraphs in this text. Write down the main idea of each paragraph. (P283),Para 1: Para 2: Para 3: P

15、ara 4:,Reading Focus Global Understanding,Our societys confidence in its institutions of higher education is clear from the generosity of government investment in research but it comes with expectation.,Modern academic study relates to the world; it is not apart from it as in the past.,American soci

16、ety has a long-standing consensus about the value of education.,We have an obligation to search for new ideas and knowledge.,Para 5: Para 6: Para 7:,Reading Focus Global Understanding,We have an obligation to disseminate new idea and knowledge.,We have the third obligation to educate the next genera

17、tion of citizens and leaders.,We should cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students.,Task 2,Choose the sentence that best expresses the meaning of the sentence from the text. (P284),Key: 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10,B,C,B,B,C,C,A,C,C,C,Reading Focus Detailed Information,Critical Thinkin

18、g,Reading Focus,Step One Read the following sentences from the text and decide whether you agree with the author. Work in groups to provide examples to support or argue against the authors opinions.,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,The search for new ideas and knowledge is not and cannot be motivated

19、by utilitarian concern. We should first and foremost cultivate the qualities of thought and discernment in our students.,Step Two Discuss with your partner the following questions. What do you think is the purpose of education? Do you think the idea of a liberal arts education as preparation for a p

20、rofession is a narrow one? Why or why not?,Reading FocusCritical Thinking,Our societys confidence in its institutions of higher education is expressed through the generous investments of the federal and state governments in basic and applied research, investments that wisely couple support for resea

21、rch with support for graduate education. (Para 2) couple with: if one thing is coupled with another, they happen or exist together and produce a particular result 并提；加上 e.g. 1) Lack of rain coupled with high temperatures caused the crops to fail. 2) His energy and intelligence, coupled with her skil

22、l and patience, overcame all difficulties.,Reading Focus Language Point,2. In times of trouble, it is especially important that we live up to these expectations. (Para 2) live up to: if something or someone lives up to a standard, reputation, or promise, they do as well as they were expected to, do

23、what they promised 符合（标准）；不负（盛名）；履行（诺言） e.g. 1) He works hard and will probably live up to his parents expectations. 2) The bank is insolvent and is unable to live up to its obligations.,Reading Focus Language Point,3. The medieval image of the university as an ivory tower, with scholars turned inwa

24、rd in solitary contemplation, immunized from the cares of the day, is an image that has been superseded by the modern university constructed not of ivory, but of a highly porous material, one that allows free diffusion in both directions. (Para 3) contemplation (n.): quiet, serious thinking about so

25、mething 沉思 e.g. 1) He is lost in contemplation about his future. 2) The monks spend an hour in contemplation each morning. supersede (v.): to replace 代替，取代 e.g. Television superseded radio in the fifties.,Reading Focus Language Point,diffusion (n.): spreading ideas orinformation among a lot of peopl

26、e 传播，散播 e.g. 1) The diffusion of ideas across borders is one reason for Europes success. 2) The diffusion of news by radio and TV may be affected by the Internet. 翻译：中世纪大学的形象是一座象牙塔，学者们远离社会进行孤独的沉思，不关心窗外之事这一形象已被现代大学所取代现代大学不是象牙构筑的，而是高度开放的机构，允许内外自由交流。,Reading Focus Language Point,4. We also have learned

27、 that it is unwise to search only in predictable places, for new knowledge often depends upon preparing fertile ground in obscure places where serendipity and good luck, as well as deep intelligence, can sprout. (Para 4) serendipity (n.): the natural ability to make interesting or valuable discoveri

28、es by accident 翻译：同时，我们也得知，只在可预知的领域来挖掘知识是不明智的，因为新知识往往依赖于在未知领域准备好肥沃的土壤，在那些领域，好运气同深奥的智慧一样能 开花结果。,Reading Focus Language Point,5. Freedom of inquiry, which is one of our most cherished organizing principles, is not just a moral imperative, it is a practical necessity. (Para 4) imperative (n.): an essen

29、tial or urgent thing 需要 e.g. 1) Tackling malaria is now an international imperative. 2) Distributing food aid is an important moral imperative in that society. imperative (adj.): extremely important and needing to be done or dealt with immediately 急需的 e.g. 1) It is imperative that politicians should

30、 be good communicators. 2) It is imperative to meet face to face with the client.,Reading Focus Language Point,6. It consists in the power to distinguish good reasoning from bad, in the power to digest and interpret evidence, in the habit of catholic observation and a preference for the non-partisan

31、 point of view, in an addiction to clear and logical processes of thought and yet an instinctive desire to interpret rather than to stick to the letter of reasoning, in a taste for knowledge and a deep respect for the integrity of the human mind. (Para 6) catholic (adj.): including a very wide varie

32、ty of things 广泛的, 普遍的 e.g. 1) She has a catholic taste in music. 2) You have a catholic array of books on your bookshelf.,Reading Focus Language Point,non-partisan (adj.): not supporting the ideas of any political party or group 无党派的 翻译：它包括了：辨别正确推理与错误推理的能力，消化 与阐释论据的能力，广泛观察的习惯，对于持客观 见解的偏好，执着于清晰有条理的思维

33、过程，本能 地热衷于阐释内涵而不拘泥于推论的字面意义，对 知识的鉴赏力，对人类健全心智的无限尊重。,Reading Focus Language Point,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,Task 1 Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the sentence. (P287),Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,A,C,D,B,B,B,C,D,A,B,Task 2,1. To solve a problem you h

34、ave to understand its _ causes. 2. Once weve had the disease, were usually _ for life.,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the form if necessary. (P288),impart eloquent immunize illumination scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlie,Reading Foc

35、us Vocabulary in Action,underlying,immune,3. I was rather quiet as I didnt feel I had much wisdom to _ on the subject. 4. A broad and balanced education is a(n) _ for raising standards. 5. The fort was _ to attack from the north. 6. Their ideas _ quickly across Europe.,impart eloquent immunize illum

36、ination scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlie,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,impart,imperative,vulnerable,diffused,7. Economic concerns are _ in many voters minds. 8. I went to a(n) _ lecture this morning. 9. The report _ the difficult issues at the heart of scientific pol

37、icy. 10. He is a man of ambition and _ .,impart eloquent immunize illumination scholar imperative diffusion vulnerability foremost underlie,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,foremost,scholarly,illuminated,eloquence,Task 3,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word from the box. Change the

38、form if necessary. (P288),Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,deeper,contribute,explore,potential,how,productive,likely,produce,Nationally,dedicated,Reading Focus Vocabulary in Action,Americas Failure in Science Education,Reading More,Reading More,Global Understanding,Critical Thinking,Language Point

39、s,Vocabulary in Action,1,2,3,4,Complete the following extract with information from the text. When it comes to educating the next generation in subjects of science and technology, US students have fallen far behind their competitors in much of Western Europe and 1) _. According to the Third Internat

40、ional Mathematics and Science Study, by the time US students reach their senior year of high school, they rank below 2) _ in 17 other countries in 3) _. This trend has disturbing implications not just for the future of American technological leadership but for 4) _. Federal Reserve Board Chairman Al

41、an Greenspan warned that the country has developed a shortage of highly skilled workers and 5) _ lesser-skilled workers and the National Science Board has expressed the same concern in a recent report.,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,Asian nations,their counterparts,math and science literacy,the br

42、oader economy,a surplus of,A number of factors contribute to the situation. Firstly, until now, America has compensated for its lack of educated scientists by 6)_. But it may not be able to continue to rely on this as brilliant young scientists in overseas countries find they have 7)_ in their home

43、countries. Secondly, President Bushs education-reform initiative, No Child Left Behind, may be 8) _, because NCLB currently requires that students be tested only in 9) _. Finally, there is a severe shortage of 10) _. A large number of science teachers in high schools dont even have 11)_ in science.

44、Moreover, even those who have a science degree are often teaching outside 12) _.,Reading MoreGlobal Understanding,importing brainpower,better working opportunities,exacerbating the problem,reading and math,qualified science teachers,a major or minor,their area of expertise,Critical Thinking,Reading

45、More,Discuss the following questions with your partner and then report your ideas to the class.,Reading MoreCritical Thinking,Do you want to further your study in an overseas country? Why or why not? If yes, which overseas country will you consider first? Why?,Reading MoreCritical Thinking,The autho

46、r thinks that bright young Indian or Chinese scientists may well have better opportunities at home than in the US as globalization accelerates. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?,1. But brace yourself for what youll find. (Para. 1) bracefor： to mentally or physically prepare for something unplea

47、sant that is going to happen 使准备迎接（困难） e.g. 1) The city braced itself for the possibility of another earthquake. 2) Nancy braced herself for the inevitable arguments.,Reading More Language Point,2. .“the future strength of the US science and engineering workforce is imperiled,” (Para.3) imperil (v.)

48、: to put something or someone in danger 危及 e.g. The whole project was imperiled by a lack of funds.,Reading More Language Point,3. “the global competition for science and engineering talent is intensifying.” (Para. 5) intensify (v.) : to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this 加

49、强，增强 e.g. 1) His mothers death intensified his loneliness. 2) Economic conditions intensified the pressure on industry to raise prices.,Reading More Language Point,4. But Hanushek figures that the 4% annual increase alone would be enough to offset the entire cost of Americas public K-126 school syst

50、em for the same year. (Para. 7) offset (v.): if the cost or amount of something offsets another cost or amount, the situation is balanced ie it remains the same 补偿，抵消 e.g. 1) He was able to offset his travel expenses against tax. 2) The gains were offset by the losses so there was no profit.,Reading

51、 More Language Point,Reading More Language Point,5. “Ironically, President Bushs education-reform initiative, No Child Left Behind, may be exacerbating the problem. (Para. 9),exacerbate (v.): to make a bad situation worse 使加剧，使恶化 e.g. I dont want to exacerbate the situation.,6. You dont have to be a

52、 scientist to recognize that the status quo is a recipe for big trouble. (Para. 11) be a recipe for: to be likely to cause a particular result 很可能是造成的原因；是的秘诀 e.g. 1) Good friends, plenty of food and a warm atmosphere are a recipe for a successful party. 2) He said that five small boys on skis would

53、be a recipe for disaster; it would not be a holiday.,Reading More Language Point,7. As things stand now, science graduates simply have too many lucrative alternatives to teaching.(Para. 13) lucrative (adj.): profitable; a job or activity that is lucrative lets you earn a lot of money 赚钱的 e.g. 1)They

54、 negotiated a lucrative contract that helped to save the company from bankruptcy. 2) Thousands of ex-army officers have found lucrative jobs in private security firms.,Reading More Language Point,Task 1,Key 1- 2- 3- 4- 5- 6- 7- 8- 9- 10-,Choose the word that is closest in meaning to the underlined w

55、ord in the sentence. (P295),Reading More Vocabulary in Action,A,C,B,D,C,A,B,C,A,C,Task 2,1. sweep A. They want to make _ changes to education policies. B. Bert_ the path in front of the house. 2. address A. The new President delivered his inaugural _ in Creole. B. Our products _ the needs of serious

56、 users.,Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate form of the word given and explain its meaning. (P295),Reading More Vocabulary in Action,sweeping (adj.),swept (v.),address (n.),address (v.),Reading More Vocabulary in Action,3. stun A. Redfern _ the crowd with a last-minute goal. B. You look absolutely _ in that dress. 4. ironic A. Your car was stolen at the police station! How _! B. _; his cold got better on the last day of his holiday. 5. contend A. Three armed groups are _ for power. B. She is a strong _ for the Teacher of the Year.,s