供应链管理外文翻译

1、TheThe ImpactImpact ofof GreenGreen SupplySupply ChainChain ManagementManagement onon Transportation Cost ReductionTransportation Cost Reduction ABSTRACT:ABSTRACT: Supply chain management（SCM）has become an important competitiveapproachfororganizations.Theissueofgreensupplychain management is critica

2、l for the successful implementation of industrial ecosystems and industrial ecology. Organizations have a number of reasons for implementing these green supply chain policies, from reactive regulatory reasons, to proactive strategic and competitive advantage reasons. From an overall environmental an

3、d organizational perspective, it is important to understand the situation and what issues exist in this field. Many organizations worldwide have already experienced globalization and a shifting focus to competition among networks of companies in this environment. Multinational enterprises have estab

4、lished global networks of suppliers that take advantage of country-industry specific characteristics to build this competitive advantage. To success having this competitive advantage, logistics and supply chain managers have to balance efforts to reduce costs and innovate while maintaining good envi

5、ronmental performance. Therefore, today, competition is not between companies, between supply chains. This study brings us the effect of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) on the Transportation Cost Reduction (TCR). Keywords:Keywords: Green Supply Chain; Transportation Cost; Cost Reduction 1. 1. I

6、ntroductionIntroduction Global enterprises are permanently trying to develop new, flexible, applicable and innovative methods to enhance their success and competitiveness. Some of these organizations are enhancing their competitiveness through improvements in their environmental activities performan

7、ce to comply with environmental law and regulations. The main point of complying with environmental law and regulations is customer environmental concerns and environmental impact of production and serviceactivities.Besides,increasingofawarenessofthepropensityfor environmental pollution within organ

8、izations supply network to cost them in consumer complain, cleanup and punishment. To response the requirement of environmental law and regulations, minimum standards of environmental performance have become increasingly prevalent in the purchasing agreements of multinational corporations for their

9、local and global suppliers. This requirement has become a new customer expectation from suppliers therefore suppliers have to reduce costs and improve quality and service to complete their responsibility for their customers. It is generally thought that green supply chain management has a great effe

10、ct in increasing environmental performance, minimizing waste and achieving cost savings. Besides because of increasing synergy among business parties, green supply chain management enhances efficiency through partner and their supply networks. This synergy is expected to enhance the corporate image,

11、 competitive advantage and word 文档 可自由复制编辑 marketing exposure. However, if green supply chain management practices are to be fully adopted by all organizations, a demonstrable link between such measures and cost saving, specifically transportation cost saving is very necessary. Bowen et al. state th

12、at organizations will adopt green supply chain management practices if they identify that this will result in specific financial and operational benefits. Thus, there is a clear research need to establish the potential link between structure of green supply chain and effective transportation cost sa

13、ving, to provide an accelerator for enterprises to establish effective green their supply chains. Many enterprises have demonstrated significant efforts to establish green supply chain management initiatives. While there is not enough study which examine about cost reduction through Green Supply Cha

14、in Management and tested an empirical link between such efforts and Transportation Cost Reduction. Therefore, this paper presents the results of a survey of organizations to investigate the proposition that there is a significant relation between GSCM and TCR. 2. Literature Review2. Literature Revie

15、w This paper encompasses previous “functional” specific research on aspects of GSCM, to develop a conceptual model of GSCM and TCR. In this paper, the structure of green supply chain management encompasses environmental parameters as: (1) Purchasing and In-Bound Logistics, (2) Production or the Inte

16、rnal Supply Chain, (3) Distribution and Out-Bound Logistics, (4) Reverse Logistics. 2.1 Purchasing and In-Bound Logistics2.1 Purchasing and In-Bound Logistics From the purchasing - the beginning point of supply chain- perspective of the supply network it is under discussion that GSCM has several ben

17、efits, ranging from cost reduction to integrating suppliers in a participative decision-making process that promotes environmental innovation). Green purchasing strategies which the largest part of inbound logistics side is adopted by the companies to response global concern of environmental stabili

18、ty. Greenpurchasingmightenhanceissuessuchasusingenvironmental transportation, cost reduction, material substitution and waste minimization of hazardous materials. The involvement and support of suppliers is crucial to achieving such goals. Therefore, companies are increasingly managing their supplie

19、rs environmental performance to ensure that the materials and equipments supplied by them are environmentally-friendly in nature and are produced using environmentally friendly processes. Integration of suppliers into environmental management system could be completed in two steps. First step, Walto

20、n et al suggest that environmental issues become main part of strategic planning toresponse regulations and the demands of environmental accountability. In second step, organizations integrate their supplier to their supply chains to make reduction operational costs and improve customer service. 2.2

21、 Greening the Production Phase or the Internal Supply Chain2.2 Greening the Production Phase or the Internal Supply Chain word 文档 可自由复制编辑 There are several notions that could be explained about green supply chain in productionphase,suchascleanerproduction,designforenvironment, remanufacturing and le

22、an production. Lean production has an importance to decrease the environmental impact of the internal supply chain. Lean production improves environmental performance by reducing general waste and minimizing hazardous wastes. Besides, production phase has an important role in keeping same quality le

23、vel of organizationthat:havingenvironmentally-friendlyproduction;preventionof pollutionatsource;cleanerproductionpracticesareadopted;closedloop manufacturing (reverse logistics) is incorporated to the fullest extent possible, re-use and recycling of materials is maximized; material usage is reduced;

24、 the recyclable content of a product is increased; the production processes are optimized so that generation of waste, both hazardous or otherwise, is minimized; and products are redesigned (design for the environment). Also additionally design of the facility based on lean production is able to min

25、imize vehicle movement. 2.3 Greening the Outbound Function and Reverse Logistics2.3 Greening the Outbound Function and Reverse Logistics Ontheoutboundsideofthegreensupplychain,reverselogistics, environment-friendly packaging, and environment-friendly distribution, are all initiatives that might impr

26、ove the environmental performance of an organization and its supply chain. Management of wastes in the outbound function such as reverse logistics and waste exchange can lead to cost savings and enhanced competitiveness. Many of these initiatives involve compromises between various logistics functio

27、ns as reverselogisticsandenvironmentalconsiderationinordertoimprovethe environmental performance of an organization. In an eco-transportation system, required parameters of a transportation system such as type of transport, fuel sources, infrastructure, operational practices and organization, can be

28、 considered. These parameters and the dynamics that connect them, determine the environmental impact generated in the transportation logistics phase of the supply chain. 3. Model and Methodology3. Model and Methodology At this section, w investigate research question by using a questionnaire to coll

29、ect data. After collecting, I use SPSS software to control relation between our variables by regression analysis. Model has three phases. In first phase, five dimensions are used of all GSCM dimensions which affect fuel consumption & maintenance, repairing expenditure. In second phase, the well know

30、n relation with fuel consumption & maintenance, repairing expenditure and transportation cost reduction is used to get result for this study. Transportation cost reduction side is third phase in our model. One point about methodology should be clarified in second phase. The reverse relation between

31、fuel consumption & maintenance, repairing expenditure and transportation cost reduction. But the difficulties of finding fluctuation in transportation cost reduction in a direct way. To get result about transportation cost reduction, I use the second phase as a step phase. Through second word 文档 可自由

32、复制编辑 phase, I get effect of five dimensions into fuel consumption & maintenance, repairing expenditure, then using result and using reverse relation, I reach the point which explains the effect of five dimensions into transportation cost reduction. 3.1 Questionnaire3.1 Questionnaire To validate the

33、model given in the preceding section, regression analysis is used to determine the causal relationships between environmental transportation, suppliers by environmental criteria, helping suppliers to establish their own environmental management system, optimize internal process to minimize vehicle m

34、ovement, reverse logistics and transportation cost reduction. An empirical survey-based research approach was adopted, comprising of 38 items.Thequestionnairewasdistributedtotheenvironmentalmanagement representative or the logistics representative of ISO 14001 certified organizations. The justificat

35、ion for using a five-point scale served to understand that there might have been a tendency of having most negative responses loading heavily on the median level, the center point of the scale. The research instrument was distributed to corporations using an online survey website. Company representa

36、tives enter the website and response the questions through website. That website serves data as in SPSS file and SPSS estimates a series of separate but interdependent regression equations simultaneously. We have drawn upon the theory and the research objectives to determine which independent variab

37、le will predict which dependent variable. The proposed relationships are then translated into a series of structural equations for each dependent variable. The structural model expresses these relationships among independent and dependent variables. 3.2 Hypothesis3.2 Hypothesis At this section, ther

38、e are five different hypothesis e to examine the impact of GSCM on TCR. Five different hypothesis is coming from five different dimensions of GSCM. Of course, total dimensions are not only five but as representing in the preceding section, only five of all dimensions are used to create hypothesis. H

39、ypothesis are in representing as below. 3.3 Results3.3 Results Based on model and hypothesis, results have been gotten by using regression analysis method. In this analysis FCMRE and TCR is dependent variables and the other five dimensions of GSCM(Using more environmental transportation, Reverse log

40、istics, Choice of suppliers by environmental criteria, Helping suppliers to establish their own EMS, Optimize internal process to minimize vehicle movement) are independent variables. 4. Conclusion4. Conclusion This study concludes that green supply chain management encompasses potential to make cos

41、t saving in transportation. From production firm perspective, specially, main concerns of firms are continuously tracking, controlling and thinking how to manage their all kinds of cost, especially transportation cost. As mentioned in preceding sections, there is a relation as in formula mode betwee

42、n fuel consumption & maintenance, repairing expenditure (FCMRE) and word 文档 可自由复制编辑 transportation cost. Because of the difficulties to collect and get the transportation cost data, model has fuel consumption & maintenance, repairing expenditure as a connection variable. This study proves the existi

43、ng relation between GSCM and FCMRE. After proving this relation and using the relation between FCMRE and TCR, this study explains the impact of GSCM on transportation cost. Also, these research findings suggest that green their supply chains management affect not only fuel consumption, maintenance a

44、nd repairing cost, but also through these variables affect transportation cost indirectly. word 文档 可自由复制编辑 绿色供应链管理对降低运输成本的影响绿色供应链管理对降低运输成本的影响 摘要：摘要：供应链管理（SCM）已成为一种重要的竞争手段。绿色供应链管理的成功 实施对工业生态系统和工业生态学问题是非常重要的。 实施这些绿色供应链的政 策原因除了被动监管之外还有很多。从整体环境和组织的角度来看，重要的是了 解这一领域的情况并知道其存在的问题。世界各地的许多组织已经经历了全球 化， 并且已把焦点转

45、移到这种环境下的企业网络之间的竞争。跨国公司的企业已 经建立了全球供应商网络，利用国家行业的具体特点，建立这种竞争优势。为了 拥有这种竞争优势， 供应链和物流经理必须在降低成本和保持良好的环境性能之 间保持均衡。因此，今天的竞争不是企业与企业之间，而是供应链与供应链之间 的竞争。这项研究给我们带来的是绿色供应链管理（GSCM）对于降低运输成本的 （TCR）的影响，。 关键词：关键词：绿色供应链；运输成本；降低成本 1.1.引言引言 全球企业都将尝试开发新的，灵活的，适用的和创新的方法，以提高他们的 竞争力。 一些组织通过改善对环境的活动以表现符合环保的法律法规，借此来加 强他们的竞争力。 遵守

46、环境法律法规的主要观点是客户环境问题和环境影响的生 产和服务活动。 此外，通过增加企业供应网络内对环境污染的认识来减少他们对 顾客的抱怨和处罚。 为了响应环保法律法规的要求， 当地和全球的供应商最低标准环保性能已成 为越来越普遍的跨国公司的采购协议。这已成为客户对供应商一个新的期望，因 此供应商必须通过降低成本，提高产品质量和服务来达到客户的要求。 人们普遍认为，绿色供应链管理对提高环保性能，减少浪费，实现成本节约 有很大的影响，。此外，绿色供应链管理也通过合作伙伴和供应网络增加了企业 各方之间的协同作用，并提高了效率。这种协同作用提升了企业形象，竞争优势 和营销曝光。 但是， 如果绿色供应链

47、管理的做法完全是通过所有的组织，那么采取的措施 和成本节省之间就有一个明显的联系，尤其是在运输成本的节省方面。 Bowen 等人组织采用绿色供应链管理的做法，如果他们确实这么做的话，那么在具体的 word 文档 可自由复制编辑 财务和运营方面是很有益处的。 因此，需要建立绿色供应链结构，有效节省运输成本之间的潜在联系，为客 户提供一个加速器，为企业建立有效的绿色供应链有一个明确的研究。 许多企业都尽量采取建立绿色供应链管理的措施， 虽然现在没有足够的研究 表明， 绿色供应链管理能降低成本， 并且做出的努力能达到减少运输成本的目的。 因此， 本文提出的调查结果，即是一个鲜明的绿色供应链管理和 T

48、CR 之间的关系 的结果。 2.2.文学评论文学评论 本文包括 “功能性”的绿色供应链管理方面的专门研究，制定绿色供应链 管理的概念模型和 TCR。在本文中，绿色供应链管理的结构，包括环境参数为： （1）采购和在绑定物流； （2）生产或内部供应链； （3）分布和出站物流； （4）逆向物流。 2.12.1 采购和入站物流采购和入站物流 从采购 - 供应链的开始点 - 供应网络的角度来看， 它是在讨论绿色供应链 管理的好处，包括降低成本，在参与决策过程整合供应商，促进环境创新。绿色 采购策略中，入站物流方面的最大部分是通过公司响应全球关注的环境稳定性。 绿色采购可能会在环保运输，降低成本，有害材料

49、替代和减少废物的方面有 所增强。供应商的参与和支持是实现这些目标的关键。因此，企业正越来越多地 管理他们供应商的环境绩效， 以确保由他们提供的材料和设备是环境友好型性质 和使用环保工艺生产的。 供应商纳入环境管理体系的整合可以分为两个步骤完成。 第一步，沃顿等人 建议， 环境问题成为主要的战略规划的一部分，以达到对法规和环境负责任的要 求。在第二个步骤中，企业整合他们的供应商和供应链，达到降低运营成本，提 高客户服务的目的。 2.22.2 绿色生产阶段或内部供应链绿色生产阶段或内部供应链 关于绿色供应链在生产阶段，如清洁生产，设计，环境，再制造和精益生产 等环节的概念可以解释。 精益生产对内部供应链很重要，它可以减少对环境的影 word 文档 可自由复制编辑 响，使一般废弃物及危险废物最小化。 此外， 生产阶段的组织保持同样的质量水平也起到很重要的作用。对环境友 好的生产源污染预防，需进行的清洁生产的做法是采用闭环制