Unit 1 词性与成分――致用英语

1、Unit 1 Part of Speech and Component,Grammar,Outline,1. Part of Speech 2. Component 3. Sentence Stracture,noun pronoun adjective adverb verb numeral,n. pron. adj. adv. v. num.,1. Part of Speech,Notional Words,1.1 Noun,A noun is a word used to refer to a person or a thing. Little fish can not eat big

2、fish. Failure is the mother of success. Lily is a foodie.,Notional Word,1.2 Pronoun,a word that refers to someone or something when you do not need to use a noun, often because the person or thing has been mentioned earlier. She is a foodie. This is his book.,Notional Word,1.3 Adjective,a word that

3、describes a person or thing, for example big , red and clever in a big house , red wine and a clever idea. Justice has long arms. It is not right to leave the party without saying goodbye.,Notional Word,1.4 Adverb,a word that adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or degree to a verb

4、, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb Sometimes it is hard to accept the truth, because the lies sound so much better. 真相有时之所以难以接受，是因为谎言听起来更加悦耳。,Notional Word,1.5 Verb,a word or group of words that expresses an action (such as eat ), an event (such as happen ) or a state (such as exist ) It tas

5、tes really good. Whatever you do, please never give up. I may not be able to change the past, but I can learn from it.,Notional Word,1.6 Numeral,a sign or symbol that represents a number Rome was not built in one day.,Notional Word,article preposition conjunction interjection,arti. prep. conj. inter

6、j.,Part of Speech,Functional Words,1.7 Article,Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.,Functional Word,1.8 Preposition,When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。,Functional Word,1.9 Conjunction,You will always be able to make money, but you cannot make

7、 more time.,Functional Word,1.10 Interjection,hah oh,Functional Word,countable noun uncountable noun plural noun simple noun intransitive verb transitive verb,c u pl. sl. vi vt,Part of Speech,ex. Write down the part of speech.,you happy three quickly student cut a at and oh,pron. adj. num. adv. n. v

8、t. art. prep. conj. interj.,Write down the part of speech.,Sentence 1: Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. Version: 同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。 Comment: like adj. same 相同的 Sentence 2: Like enough, the ship will arrive in the port tomorrow. Version: 这条船很可能明天进港。 Comment: like adv. 修饰enough，like enough常用于口语

9、，表示“可能、大概” Sentence 3: Like knows likes. Version: 英雄识英雄。 Comment: like n. 同样的人,Sentence 4: I dont like smoking. Version: 我不喜欢抽烟。 Comment: like v. prefer, love喜欢 Sentence 5: Dont treat me like a guest. Version: 别把我当客人。 Comment: like prep. as 当作 Sentence 6 : It looks like well finish on time. Version:

10、 我们似乎能按时完成。 Comment: like conj. as, in the same way of 如同，似乎，以相同方式,2. Component,主语 (subject) 谓语 (predicate) 宾语 (object) 表语 (predicative) 定语 (attribute) 状语 (adverbial) 补语 (complement) 同位语(Appositive),2.1 Subject,主语，句子说明的人或事。 1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。 1. Smoking does harm to the health 2. One swallow can not mak

11、e spring. It is necessary to master a foreign language.,Component,主语的位置是？,（一）主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子所说的是：“什么人”或“什么事物”,1. We often speak English in class. 2. Smoking does harm to the health. 3. The rich should help the poor. 4. It is necessary to master a foreign language.,主语的位置是？,1.一般位于句首或谓语之前。,Is your f

12、ather a lawyer or a doctor ? Has she got a big flat ? Shall we have a swim with your friends ?,2. 疑问句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,Sit down, please. Come in, please. 3. 祈使句中主语常省略,Gone are the days when farmers live in the poor houses. No sooner had she given him a welcome than she went in to prepare him a meal

13、. Only in this way can we solve the problem. There is a clock on the wall. Once there lived a king called Lear. There goes the bell!,倒装句的主语在系动词、助动词、情态动词之后,There be结构中主语在be动词之后,1. One-third is produced. 2. Running does good to the health. 3. When we are going to have an English test has not been deci

14、ded. 4. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 5. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 6. The rich should help the poor. 7. It is necessary to master a foreign language. 8. We often speak English in class.,（不定式）,（名词化的形容词）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,（名词）,（数词）,（从句）

15、,（动名词）,（代词）,1. Honest is a fine quality of human beings and therefore we should not tell lies. 2. Help others is to help ourselves. 3. Do a lot of housework day and night made Catherine become weaker and weaker. 4. Liuxiang got the first place in the 2004 Olympic Games shocked people all over the wo

16、rld. 5. In my opinion, visit universities is just a popular culture.,单句改错（只有一处错误）。,2. 2 Verb,a word or group of words that expresses an action (such as eat ), an event (such as happen ) or a state (such as exist ).,Component,（二）谓语： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 He practices running every morning. She takes g

17、ood care of her sick mother. 2、复合谓语： （1）情态动词+动词原形。 He can speak French very fluently. She doesnt seem to like dancing. （2）系动词+表语。 The film is interesting. He looked a bit excited.,Component,6. It is warm here all the year round because Guangzhou located in the middle of Guangdong province. 7. To get

18、 prepared for the Asian Games, Guangzhou built 82 sports courts so far. 8. It not only have a lot of high-rise building, but is also famous for the scenic spots. 9. Can it attracts the tourists from home and abroad?,单句改错（只有一处错误）。,2.3 Object,a noun, noun phrase or pronoun that refers to a person or t

19、hing that is affected by the action of the verb (called the direct object ), or that the action is done to or for (called the indirect object ),Component,（三）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday. 2. Please take them to the waiting room. 3. I have three. 4. They

20、helped the old with their housework yesterday. 5. He pretended not to see me. 6. Mary enjoys playing the piano. 7. I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（名词化形容词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（从句）,（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） They elected him their monitor. We

21、consider the answer wrong.,2.4 Predicative,(of an adjective 形容词) coming after a verb such as be, become, get, seem, look .,Component,（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词之后。 1. Yang Liwei is an astronaut. 2. Thats all I want to tell you. 3. Three times four is twelve. 4. The weather has turned warm. 5. T

22、he speech is exciting and the students are excited. 6. His hobby is playing football. 7. My job is to teach English. 8. Our teacher isnt in. He is out. 9. He is in good health. 10. The truth is that he has never been abroad.,系动词： 描述稳定状态：be 描述变化或结果：get, become, turn, grow, go, prove, fall 描述表象或感官效果：l

23、ook, appear, seem, smell, taste, sound, feel, 描述持续状态：keep, stay, remain,2.5 Attributive,(of adjectives or nouns 形容词或名词) used before a noun to describe it,Component,（五）定语：起修饰作用，翻译成“的” 1. He is a clever boy. 2. Your hair needs cutting. 3. Theres only one way to do it. 4. There is a baby girl. 5. We ca

24、n not use sleeping pills at random. 6. The retired worker find life boring. 7. Thats the way to do it. 8. This is a map of China. 9. The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 10. The car thats parked outside is mine.,2.6 Adverbial,a word that adds more information about place, time, manner, cause or d

25、egree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb,Component,状语(副词)的位置： 1. She speaks French fluently. 2. I usually eat breakfast at home. 3. You neednt always help me. 4. He is always complaining. 5. The local people are very kind to the visitors. 6. The room is big enough to hold 80 people.

26、 7. He never studies. Instead, he plays all day.,谓语(+宾语)后,频度副词位于被修饰动词前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后。,被修饰词前(enough特殊),修饰全句或起连接作用的副词放在句首,（六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,1. How about meeting again at six? 2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain. 3. I shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4. Mr. Smith l

27、ives on the third floor. 5. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,状语的种类：,6. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 9. She works very har

28、d though she is old. 10. I am taller than he is.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,2.7 Complement,a word or phrase, especially an adjective or a noun, that is used after linking verbs such as be and become , and describes the subject of the verb. In some descriptions of grammar it is used to refer

29、to any word or phrase which is governed by a verb and usually comes after the verb in a sentence.,Component,（七）补足语： 主语补足语: 补充说明主语，使句意完整。 1. She was found dead in the street. 2. The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab. 3. One of the glasses was found broken . 4. He was found

30、the right man for the job. 5. The young man is considered to have a great promise. 6. English is considered of great importance for us.,adj.,prst. p.,p.p.,n.,prep. phrase,infinitive,（七）补足语： 宾语补足语: 补充说明宾语，使句意完整。 1. His father named him Dongming. 2. They painted their boat white. 3. Please let him in. 4. The teacher advised the students to have a rest. 5. I see her ente