《新编实用英语》

1、,Unit | Three,Road Signs and Commuting,Unit Goals: What You Should Learn to Do 1. Ask where a particular place is: in a city within a building 2. Show directions 3. Talk about means of transport to take 4. Understand and write road and office signs What You Should Know About 1. Different feelings ab

2、out traveling 2. Forming of plural nouns,Contents,SECTION IV Maintaining a Sharp Eye,PASSAGE I,PASSAGE II,Information Related to the Reading Passage,Text,Language Points,Read and Think,Read and Complete,Read and Translate,Read and Simulate,Read and Judge,Read and Translate,Information Related to the

3、 Reading Passage,Text,Language Points,PASSAGE I,Funny Road Signs from Around the World!,Most road signs you come across are straightforward. They tell you what to do, which direction to go in, where you are, etc., but occasionally (and usually unintentionally), road signs can be funny! Taking pictur

4、es of funny road signs while traveling is a favorite pastime for many travelers. Weve all come across these gems: a miswritten translation; an unusual warning; or an illustration that just doesnt seem right. It might be an official highway sign or something written on a shop window. All are perfect

5、for adding to your travel photo album and sharing with friends. And oftentimes, photographic evidence of such a sign not only makes a great souvenir, but also serves as proof for doubtful folks back home.,1,2,Herere a few funny road signs found from various parts of the world theyre all real road si

6、gns. I hope you enjoy them and please feel free to add your own captions to the pictures. It seems that this is a real possibility around Irelands Dingle Peninsula. After all, the authorities put up a warning sign, picturing a car flying headfirst into the sea. And that sign, pictured against an act

7、ual cliff in the background, makes a great travel photo.,4,Exercises,Back,3,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,(Para. 2) Taking pictures of funny road signs while traveling is a favorite pastime for many travelers. Analysis: 动名词短语开头是句子的主语。 while travelling (= while they are travell

8、ing）作为动词的时间状语。 Translation:旅行过程中拍一些滑稽有趣的路牌对很多旅行者来说都是一大消遣乐事。 Example: Looking elsewhere while talking to customers is not considered good manners. 与客人说话时看其他地方是被认为是不礼貌的。,Back,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,2. (Para. 2) All are perfect for adding to your travel photo album and sha

9、ring with friends. Analysis: For是一个介词意为适合，以两个动名词短语(adding, sharing)为对象 Translation:这些都完全适合添加进你的旅行相册中与朋友分享。 Example: The song is perfect for singing in the New Year celebration. 这首歌完全适合在新年庆祝活动中歌唱。,Back,3. (Para. 4) After all, the authorities put up a warning sign, picturing a car flying headfirst int

10、o the sea. Analysis: 名词的标志是现在分词短语作后置定语 。picturing本来是名词活用为动词 的现在分词，意为拍照或绘画。作后置定语功能=which pictured 这两个字构成的定语从句。 Translation: 毕竟，有关部门竖立了一块警示牌，上面画的是一辆轿车头朝下 飞入大海。 Example: The artist showed us his new oil painting, depicting a pretty girl dancing in the garden. 艺术家给我们展示了他的新油画，上面描绘的是一个漂亮的女孩在花园里跳舞。,Languag

11、e Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,Back,4. (Para. 4) And that sign, pictured against an actual cliff in the background, makes a great travel photo. Analysis:.名词标志是过去分词短语作后置定语， That sign是整个句子主语，谓语是makes。中间两个逗号之间内容是后置定语，功能相当于定语从句。 Translation: 衬托着背景中的真实山崖拍摄的这块路牌，构成了一幅绝佳的旅行 照片。 Example: The

12、church, situated in the beautiful mountainous area, makes an ideal place for a wedding reception. 这座教堂，坐落在美丽的山区，成为了婚礼的理想场所。,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,straightforward adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的；径直的 adv. 直截了当地； 当它为形容词时，对应的名词是Straightforwardness n

13、. 坦率 He was enthusiastic, intelligent and straightforward. 他是热情的,聪明的,直白的。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,2. occasionally 有时，偶尔 e.g. Occasionally the machine goes wrong without any apparent cause. 有时机器出现问题并没有任何明显的原因。 Everyone wanted a place where they could be left alone occasionally. 每个人都想要一

14、个可以偶尔独处的地方。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,3. Come across 偶遇; 偶然发现; 越过；产生效果；出现于 e.g. Ive come across an old friend. 我刚遇到一个老朋友。 Your speech came across very well. 你的演讲很成功。 A very good idea came across his mind. 他的脑海里出现一个好主意。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,4. official 官方的；当局的；正式的 e.g.

15、The news is almost certainly true although it is not official. 新闻虽然不是官方的，但几乎确凿无疑。 The President of the United States will make an official visit to this country. 美国总统将对这个国家进行正式访问。,Back,5. Share with 与分享, e.g. A share sth. with B. A与B 分享某事。 shares (in) 分摊或分享某事物 She shares (in) my troubles as well as

16、my joys. 她与我同甘共苦. share to 承担/给于 He set over his share to his son-in-law. 他将自己的股份转让给女婿,Language Points,2 Important Words,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,6. evidence n. 证据；证词 e.g. There is evidence that college exam cheating is on the rise. 有证据表明,大学考试作弊的情况正在增多。 A video tape was presented as ev

17、idence in court. 在法庭上提出了一种视频作为证据。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,7.serveas 为; 充当， 担任; be served as 被充当,被用于 He serves him as a Kingdom. 他把他当国王一样服侍。 He is served as a Kingdom. 他被服侍得像一个国王一样。,Language Points,2 Important Words,8.add to 1.add 用作及物动词,表示“加；增加”,常与介词to连用,即“ add .to .”,“把加到中去；往.中加.” 例如

18、： Please add some salt to the food. 请在 食物中加点盐。 .add to（add 作不及物动词用）表示增加；增添,其中to是介词,后接名词或代词.有时也可用来表示(房屋的)扩建或(书的)续写等The new film wont add to your credit. 这部新影片将不会增加你的声誉。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,9. caption n. 文字说明；标题；字幕 e.g. The caption of a newspaper article is usually set in large type

19、. 报纸文章的标题通常设置在大类型。 He is interested in the captions under the pictures. 他对标题下的图片很感兴趣。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,10.Put up 举起，竖起，张贴； put up to 鼓动；唆使做 put up with 忍受；忍耐；受苦 put down 写下；记下 put forward 提出（意见、建议） put in 打断；插嘴 put off 延期；推迟 put on 假装；伪装 put out 熄灭；关熄；扑灭,Language Points,2 Impor

20、tant Words,11. beware v. 注意，当心，谨防 e.g. Beware! If you have too much sweet food, youll get fat. 小心!如果你吃了太多的甜食,那么你就会发胖。 Beware of trains! 当心火车!,Back,Read and Think,1 Answer the following questions according to the passage.,1) Do you enjoy taking pictures while traveling? Why? 2) What can be a great so

21、uvenir according to the writer? 3) What can you do when other people dont believe what you say about the funny road signs?,(Open.) A picture of funny road signs. You can show them the pictures you have taken.,Read and Think,1 Answer the following questions according to the passage.,Back,4) What does

22、 the writer suggest readers do with the pictures they have taken? 5) What accident does the flying-car road sign imply? 6) What does the caption information overload mean?,He suggests that they add their own captions to the pictures. A car is flying headfirst into the sea and will probably cause dea

23、th and damage. It means that too much information given on the road sign only confuses the travelers.,Read and Think,2 Complete each of the following statements with words or phrases from the passage.,Many travelers enjoy taking pictures of funny road signs while traveling. It is their favorite _. 2

24、) You can put your road sign photos in your travel _ and _ them with your friends. 3) The purpose of the flying-car sign is to warn drivers not to _ the cliff. 4) 5) The moose-crossing sign is to warn drivers to _ of moose while driving. 6) You are sure to get lost is the _ to the photo with a very

25、confusing travel map.,pastime,(photo) album,share,drive off,This flying-car sign is an official one as it was put up by the _ _,beware,caption,authorities,3 Fill in the blanks with the proper words or expressions given below, changing the form if necessary.,authority put up come across beware add to

26、 official occasional pastime serve as evidence,1) When I _ a new word, I write it down in my notebook. 2) The computer can easily get stuck, so you must _ of computer viruses. 3) The company has created a new logo to _ their outgoing mails. 4) This old railway station will be rebuilt to _ a huge sup

27、ermarket. 5) Let me see all the _ papers concerning the sale of the land.,serve as,come across,beware,add to,official,6) The historical _ in support of this conclusion is weak. 7). In that region _ floods do occur, though they are not very serious 8) Chatting with friends over the Internet in the de

28、ad of night is probably my only _. 9) Before it got dark the campers _ their tent in a field. 10) The local _ found that the pollution in the river was serious.,3 Fill in the blanks with the proper words or expressions given below, changing the form if necessary.,Back,authority put up come across be

29、ware add to official occasional pastime serve as evidence,authorities,evidence,occasional,pastime,put up_ _,他自愿当我们队的司机。 2) 做对外贸易时我们应该注意文化差异。 3) 我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。 4)大卫把每幅图片都研究了两遍，又仔细地阅读了图片说明。 5) 他直率的回答给我们留下了很深的印象。 6) 你能提供证据来证明他当时不在犯罪现场吗？,Read and Translate,4 Translate the following sentences into Eng

30、lish.,serve as,beware of,come across,evidence,straightforward,caption,Can you provide any evidence to show that he was not in the crime scene at that time?,He volunteered to serve as the driver of our team.,We should beware of cultural differences in doing foreign trade.,Weve just come across an old

31、 friend we haven t seen for ages.,David studied each photo twice and read the captions carefully.,We were impressed by his straightforward answers.,Back,Read and Simulate,5 Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure

32、of the English sentences.,Most road signs you come across are straightforward. Most young students I come across overseas have part-time jobs.,我在日本见到的女人大都是居家主妇。 我们遇到的问题大都通过团队工作得到解决。,Most women I came across in Japan were stay-at-home housewives. Most problems we came across were solved by team work.

33、,Read and Simulate,Taking pictures of funny signs while traveling is a favorite pastime for many travelers. Chatting online while surfing the internet is a hobby for many of us.,边听音乐边做作业对许多年轻人来说都是一种爱好。 边等车边背英语单词对我来说是个好建议。,5 Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate

34、 the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.,Doing homework while listening to music is a habit for many young students. Reciting English words while waiting for a bus is a good suggestion for me.,Read and Simulate,All are perfect for adding to your travel photo album

35、 and sharing with friends. The conference room is perfect for holding this event.,这些画册非常适合给学龄前儿童看。 这种纸非常适合画水彩画。,5 Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.,These picture books are perfect f

36、or showing to pre-school children. The kind of paper is perfect for painting water color pictures.,Read and Simulate,Here are a few funny road signs found from various parts of the world. Here are some common wedding customs found in all parts of China.,以下是成功商人具备的七项素质。 以下是当地各家报纸的新闻头条。,5 Pay attentio

37、n to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating the structure of the English sentences.,Here are seven qualities found in successful businessmen. Here are the top news headlines found in local newspapers.,Read and Simulate,I hope you enjoy them an

38、d please feel free to add your own captions to the pictures. I hope you come to our company often and please feel free to try the products here.,希望你喜欢这里的饭菜，请随时告诉我们你喜欢的菜肴。 希望你喜欢我的书，有什么评论和建议尽管提出来。,5 Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by s

39、imulating the structure of the English sentences.,I hope you enjoy our food here and please feel free to tell us what is your favorite dish. I hope you like my book and please feel free to make any comments and suggestions.,Read and Simulate,After all, the authorities put up a warning sign, picturin

40、g a car flying headfirst into the sea. Our school put up a big poster, picturing students performing in after-class activities.,体育馆挂了一张有趣的图片，上面是一群熊猫在做各种体育运动。 公园立了一块新指示牌，上面是一只指路的卡通兔子。,5 Pay attention to the italicized parts in the English sentences and translate the Chinese sentences by simulating th

41、e structure of the English sentences.,The gymnasium put up an interesting picture, showing pandas doing all kinds of sports. The park put up a big new sign, picturing a cartoon rabbit giving the directions.,Back,PASSAGE II,How Do You Commute to Work?,Hanna P., Marketing Expert at a famous software c

42、ompany, posted online his own commuting experience and asked the netizens to share their views: I went today: by bus No. 81, then trolley bus No. 3, then underground Line 1, then bus No.139 and finally bus No. 87 (25 km all together). Who more? And actually the point of the question is: why do so ma

43、ny people spend lots of time and money getting to work instead of moving near to it? It would be so nerve- and traffic-saving if everyone lived near their work.,1,2,3,Responses Posted Online by Netizens Cristina F.: In Portugal, moving next to work will certainly mean buying a house that we often ca

44、nnot afford. I work outside Lisbon and I travel on Monday to work, stay there and need only three steps to get to work. I travel back to Lisbon Friday afternoon. (posted 18 hours ago) Chris B.: I travel by car as it is the most time-efficient way of getting there. (posted 15 hours ago ) James B.: Iv

45、e been working for small companies companies move, change and go out of business. If I had lived next to where I worked, I would have had to move seven times in the last 30 years. That would have been difficult to my family. So I live where I want, and plan on driving up to 40 miles, one-way, to get

46、 to work. (posted 14 hours ago),4,Exercises,Nigel T.: I drive. I work on short-term contract assignments which can be anything from 3 to 12 months, so moving is just not a choice. In the UK it can take 3 to 6 months to buy and sell a house anyway. My current employer is about 40 miles away. Last yea

47、r it was a daily round trip of 189 miles way too much! (posted 13 hours ago) Lisa N.: When I was at my last job, I drove about 10 miles one way to get there, on city roads and the interstate. It was a fast commute usually. I dont have a job right now, but when I do, I might use a park and ride syste

48、m as I may be commuting from the suburbs to the city. I might also use the light rail if it is available. (posted 13 hours ago),Exercises,Natalie K.: I also have around 25 km to the office, and I go by car. I wouldnt like to move to the area close to the office, because I enjoy living in the center

49、of the city (Copenhagen). (posted 11 hours ago) Michael R.: 5 minutes drive to the airport; 5 minutes to preflight my plane; 1 hour 10 minutes flight ; 10 minutes drive to the client site. (posted 9 hours ago),Exercises,Back,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,1. (Para. 1) Who more?

50、 Analysis: 这是一个省略句。完整句子是 ：Who did more travelling than I did? Translation:有谁比我换乘还多呢？ Example: He was playing net games online for 20 hours. Who more? 他玩网络游戏在线20小时。谁能比他玩的更久?,Back,2. (Para. 2) why do so many people spend lots of time and money getting to work instead of moving near to it? Analysis: Sp

51、end time 或者 spend money 是动名词，是一种常见的英语表达方式。Instead of doing 是一个短语，另一个而不是的短语是 rather than。 Translation: 为什么那么多的人宁愿上班花那么多的时间和金钱，而不搬到工作 单位附近居住呢？ spend time on sth 花费时间在某事上。 on 后要跟名词 spend time in doing sth 花费时间做某事。 in后要动词的ing形式，in 可以省略 Example: Martin spent lots of time complaining about his boss instea

52、d of doing anything. 马丁在抱怨他的老板上花了很多时间,而不做任何事情。,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,Back,1. instead of “.代替.”，二是“是.而不是.” 2.rather than，倒不如.，是.而不是.” 3.当rather than为是.而不是.时，可以与instead of替换 I want to go shopping instead of staying at home. = I want to go shopping rather than stay at hom

53、e.,我想要去购物而不是呆在家里。,Id like to take the slowest train rather than go there by airplane. 我乘最慢的火车,也不愿乘飞机去那儿,I will be instead of you。 我将会代替你,Back,3. (Para. 2) It would be so nerve- and traffic-saving if everyone lived near their work. Analysis: .这是一个典型的虚拟语气的句型。Nerve-和traffic-saving是nerve-saving和traffic-

54、saving的缩写。其他类似的词是 time-saving, labor-saving, 等。 Translation:如果大家都住在工作地点附近，能少伤多少脑筋，少乘多少车啊。 Example: It would be time- and labor-saving if we adopted the latest technology. 如果我们采用了最新的技术，能省时,省力,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences,Back,Language Points,1 Explanation of Difficult Sentence

55、s,4. (Para. 5) If I had lived next to where I worked, I would have had to move seven times in the last 30 years. Analysis: 使用虚拟语气来表达一个不真实的条件，要注意时态 的使用条件和主要 条件。 would/should + have + 过去分词 这是虚拟语气的一种用法，是过去将来完成时， 表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 Translation: 如果我是住在工作单位附近，在过去的三十年里我就得搬七次家了。 Example: If we had talked

56、 about it, we would have solved the problem between us. 如果我们有谈论它，我们就会解决我们之间的问题,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,1. marketing n.销售；促销；营销 v.出售 e.g. They have come up with new and wonderful marketing ideas. 他们已经想出新的和精彩的营销思想。 Our marketing and business courses will help you develop practical skill

57、s. 我们的营销和商业课程将帮助你提高实践技能。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,2. post v. （在互联网上）发帖子 n.岗位; 邮政; 邮件; 柱，桩，杆; vt.张贴; 邮寄; 宣布; 设岗; vi.快速行进; adj.有关赛跑（或赛马，赛狗）起点标志的; adv.外在后; 用急件驿马; 赶紧地，火速地; e.g. He posted a video online. 他在网上发布了一段视频。,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,3. commute v./n. 通勤，上下班（尤其指很远的路程）

58、e.g. I have to commute 10 kilometers to my company in the suburbs. 我的公司在郊区，我上班必须要十公里 I spend much less time on my commute to work now. 我现在上班花更少的时间,Back,Language Points,2 Important Words,4. Cannot afford to 负担不起买不起 afford sth. to sb.=afford sb.sth. 1.afford是动词,意为“买得起,担负得起”.通常与can,could,be able to连用,尤用于否定句或疑问句中.如： They couldnt afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票. Can we afford a new car? 我们能买得起一辆新车吗? 2.afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式.如： We cant afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们