情态动词和虚拟语气学案及答案分析解析

1、情态动词,熟读深思,Lucy is an outgoing lady. She can1 play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she could2play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has to3 do some sports because she must4 keep slim. “You shall5 get fat soon if you dont take

2、 exercise every day.” she usually says to her friends. As for her, an elegant lady should6 try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she might7 put on weight and she was worried and decided to lose her weight.,And these days she is always thinking that she may8 succeed soon if she tries al

3、l her best. However, she is always lack of time because she ought to9 take care of her children. One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing must have begun10, and the coach could have taught or sho

4、wn11 many new moves.,She was afraid that her friends might have left 12 before she got there. She was regretful then.,She should have had13 supper earlier, or she could have taken a taxi14, and indeed she neednt have taken15 a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she found nobody was

5、there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.,汉语译文：露西是一个性格外向的女士。她能够演奏许多种乐器。事实上，在她8岁的时候，她就能弹奏钢琴了。露西每天都要坚持运动。她说她每天都必须做一些运动，因为她得保持苗条。她经常对她的朋友们说：“如果你不每天坚持运动的话，你一定很快就会变肥的。”,对于她来说，一位女士应该尽量保持健康苗条。然而，上星期她发现她可能又胖了,她很担忧，并且决定要减肥。这些天，她总是在想，如果她

6、尽自己最大的努力（去减肥）的话，她也许很快就能成功的。不过，她总是缺少时间，因为她是应该要好好照顾她的孩子们的。 一天晚上，在她吃过晚饭后，她急匆匆地步行前往明天公园去跳舞。她迟到了。她一路上都在胡思乱想：跳舞一定已经开始了，教练可能已经教了或者是展示了许多新动作。在她到达之前，恐怕连她的朋友都已经离开了。她很懊悔，她本应该要早点吃晚饭的，或者她本来可以打的士去的，而且甚至她没有必要提前就冲凉的。当她最终到达公园的时候，她发现，那儿一个人也没有。她突然想起来，电台上已经预报过说那晚可能会有一场大雨的。,1. can在此表示能力。 2. could在此表示能力，是can一般过去时。 3. hav

7、e to表示“不得不”，强调客观需要。 4. must表示“必须”，强调主观想法。 5. shall表示说话者的意图、允诺、告诫、警告等，用于陈述句的第二、第三人称时。 6. should表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”。 7. might在此是may的过去式，表示“可能”。 8. may表示“可能 ”。,熟读深思,9. ought to“应该”，表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 10. must have done表示对过去已经发生的事进行推测，意为“想必已经做了某事”。 11. could have done表示对过去情况的推测，意为“可能已经做了某事”。 12. might have

8、done表示“或许已经做了某事”。 13. should have done表示“本应该做某事(但没有做)”，有责备和懊悔之意。 14. could have done意为“本来可以某事(但没有做)”, 有懊悔之意。 15. neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事情，意为“本不必做某事(但却做了)。,1. 基本语法特点：,1. 情态动词+原形 2. 情态动词没有人称时态的变化 3. 变否定，情态动词+not; 变疑问,情态动词移至句首。,应用一： 您能帮我安排辆车吗？(听说风暴U4) Could you arrange a car for me? 我明天可以请假吗？ (听说风

9、暴U5) May I take tomorrow off?,*be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。 * was / were able to : “设法做成某事” = managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。 1. That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people. 2. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months. 3. The fire spread through the hotel very q

10、uickly but everyone _ get out.,难点1： can, could, be able to,can,was able to,be able to,=managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.,*must 表主观“必须”。 have to 表客观“不得不”，时态上有过去 式:_, 将来时：_。 must 提问：肯定回答用_ 否定回答用_,难点 2： must与have to,had to,will have to,应用二： Ask: 他必须在8点之前到达那吗？ Must he arrive there before 8 oclo

11、ck? Tape script(听力原文): Because there is a typhoon, the meeting at 8 oclock is cancelled. Answer: _,No, he neednt ./No, he doesnt have to,Yes, must.,No, neednt.,No, dont/doesnt have to,肯定的推测 可能的推测 否定的推测 疑问的推测,must/should,对将来 对现在 对过去,情态动词,may, might,cant, couldnt,can, could,+ V. + V. + have done 常见mus

12、t be + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing 可以用not表示“可能不”,+V. + V. + have done + be doing,+ V. + V. + have done + be doing,情态动词表猜测用法：,1. I didnt hear the phone. I _ (be) asleep. 2. -There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. -It _(be) a comfortable journey.,

13、即时练习：,couldnt have been,must have been,难点4:情态动词+have done 的特殊意义,ought to/should have done sth 本应该做某事（但没做） ought not to/shouldnt have done sth 本不应该做某事（却做了） could have done sth 本来能够做某事（而实际上没有做） might have done sth 本可以做某事（而实际没做） neednt have done sth 本不必做（而实际上做了）,You might as well tell your mom the trut

14、h, she seems to have known what you have done. You cant be too careful when youre driving.,难点5:易误解的情态动词短语及句型：,再也不为过 (相当于 非常),不妨, 还是为好,请根据以下内容写一篇关于刘翔因伤退赛、养伤归来、再创辉煌的报道。 刘翔本该可以在2008年北京奥运会上获得一枚金牌的, 但由于脚伤退出了比赛。 随后,他告诉所有中国人他能处理好,他会尽他最大的努力回来比赛。 在他养伤的过程中, 刘翔一定克服了许多困难, 令我们欣慰的是, 缺席13个月后, 刘翔终于又回来参加比赛。 事实上, 他能回

15、来全是因为他的信念, 我们其实不必为他担心, 因为他目前状况很好。,情态动词在写作中的运用：,刘翔本该可以在2008年北京奥运会上获得一枚金牌的, 但由于脚伤退出了比赛。 随后,他告诉所有中国人他能处理好,他会尽他最大的努力回来比赛。 在他养伤的过程中, 刘翔一定克服了许多困难, 令我们欣慰的是, 缺席13个月后, 刘翔终于又回来参加比赛。 事实上, 他能回来全是因为他的自信和信念, 我们其实不必为他担心, 即使他再次受伤。,Liu Xiang could have won a gold medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, but he quit the g

16、ame due to a foot injury.,After that, he told all the Chinese not to worry about him because he could handle it and he would try his utmost to come back.,During his recovery of the injury, Liu Xiang must have overcome a lot of difficulties.,Much to our relief, after a 13-month absence, he finally re

17、turned.,Actually, that he could come back is due to his belief and we neednt have worried about him because he is in good condition.,虚拟语气,熟读深思,My deskmate, Mary, treats me as if she were1my sister. She is nice but fat. If she were not so fat, she would look2like a super model. Last year, a doctor ad

18、vised that she (should) eat3 more vegetables and fruits. He also made a suggestion that she (should) work out4regularly. Besides, he insisted that she (should) walk5 to school. If she had followed the doctors advice, she would not be so fat now6. In other words, if the doctor had persuaded her to do

19、 so, she would not have become7 overweight.,This morning, Marys mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldnt help shouting,“ If only I were8 a little thinner! How I wish I hadnt eaten9so much junk food before!” Were I Mary, I would make10a weight loss pla

20、n. If I became overweight in the future, I would do11 sports every day. Now it is high time she changed12 her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldnt be13 able to lose weight. I would rather she went14swimming with me, but she insists that water sports are15 not suitable for her. So it i

21、s necessary that she (should) walk16to school.,熟读深思,1. 在as if/ as though, even if/even though引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。 2. 表示与现在事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，(be一般用were)，主句的谓语用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。,3.5.在insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, deman

22、d, require, request, ask等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion, advice, order, command, demand, requirement, request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， 其中的should可以省略。,6. 错综条件句：有时if 从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。,7. 表示与过去事实相反的假设，if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，

23、即“had过去分词”，主句用“would /should/could / might + have +过去分词”。 89. 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和 If only（但愿）引出的句子中, 需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或if only后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。 10. 如果if 从句中含有were, had或should, 可将if 省略，然后将were, had或should提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。,11. 表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用“were to /

24、 should +动词原形”，主句用“would / should /could/ might +动词原形”。 12. 在It is (high) time that 后的从句中， 谓语动词用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。 13. 含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise, or，but或用介词but for, without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词but for, without表示的虚拟语气， 可和if 引导的假设条件状语从句替换。,14. would (had) rather , wo

25、uld sooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 15. 在动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说, 坚持某种说法”； suggest 表“暗示，表明”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。 16. 在it is necessary (important, natural, strange, surprising) that 引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。,一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中,条件从句,If 从句,主句,现在,过去,未来,did / were,had done,would

26、/could/should/might +V.(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1. did / were 2. should do 3. were to do,would/could/should /might + V.(原),A. 1. If I were the headmaster, I would improve the school canteen. 2. If I had a lot of money, _. B. 1. If it _(rain) tomorrow, we couldnt have our PE lesson outs

27、ide. 2. If I _(meet) him, I would tell him the good news. C. 1.Jack was late this morning and was punished by his boss. If he had caught the first bus, he wouldnt have been late. 2.Tom was caught in the rain, so he got a fever. If he hadnt caught in the rain, he wouldnt have got a fever.,注意：1. 省略连词i

28、f。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件从句中有助动词或情态动词were，had或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。 Should he come (If he should come)，tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。 Were I you (If I were you)，I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。,2. 总结：_ 介词短语、分词短语、独立主格代替条件从句 If it had not been for his help, we would not have succeeded. = But

29、 for/ without his help, we would not have succeeded. If we had known in time, we could have stopped it. = Having known in time, we could have stopped it. 3. 总结：_ 副词或连词表示虚拟 He did his best in everything; _ he would not have been what he was. A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that,C,If it _(rain) last

30、 night , it _ (be) very cold today .,二、错综时间虚拟语气,had rained,would be,注意：题目的提示语时间状语,Ex: If you _(follow) the doctors advice, you _(be) right now. If you _(follow) the doctors advice, you _(be) right then.,had followed,would be,had followed,would have been,三、虚拟语气特殊句型,wish+从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,did/were,had do

31、ne,would/could/might+V.,2.If only+句子,(好像),现在： 过去： 未来：,did/were,had done,would/could/might+V.,3.as if /though+从句,现在： 过去： 未来：,did/were,had done,would/could/might+V.,(希望),(要是就好了),4.would rather+(that)从句,did/ were,现在： 过去： 未来：,did/ were,had done,5.坚持/ 命令/ 建议/ 要求 +,sb. (should) do,insist/ order, command/

32、advise, suggest, propose/ demand, require, request, desire,6.Its (about/high) time +that,(是/正是的时侯了),did,should +V.,注意: suggest/ insist后接事实时, 不用虚拟。,I insist that he _ ( tell) a lie, for he looked uneasy then.,told,(宁愿),7.,Its necessary/important/ strange/ natural/ impossible/essential that sb. (shoul

33、d) do,四、虚拟语气与广东高考 1. 语法填空：谓语动词在语法填空中每年考一题。我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就需考虑其_等。在近年广东高考中有一个小题涉及虚拟语气： 1. (2012年)He walked in as if he 17 _(buy) the school. 解析：在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因一个学生的他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应当用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填had bought。 2. 虚拟语气有时在高考写作中也会用到。 如2009年高考读写任务要点(2)“假如你处在那些动物的处境, 你会有什么反应”，写这个要点时就需要用到虚拟

34、语气。可以这样开头： If I were an animal in the wildlife park, I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me. （如果我是野生动物园的动物, 当人们不停地同我拍照时, 我会感到恼怒）。,时态、语态、语气、主谓一致,1. If it _ (not be) for the heavy rain, we _ (climb) the Mount Taishan yesterday. 2. Without electricity, human life _ (be) so easy tod

35、ay. 3. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _(be) freezing cold, too cold for us to live. 4. _it_ (not be) for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. 5._(be)I you, I wouldnt spend so much money on clothing.,Had not been,had not been,would have cli

36、mbed,would not be,would be,Were,五巩固练习 1) 单句填空,6. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. 7. He hesitated before kicking the ball；otherwise he _ (score) a goal. 8. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _ (say) something she would regret l

37、ater. 9. If it had been possible, I would have helped him, but I _ (be) so busy then.,Should,would have scored,would have said,was,10. It is time that they _ (have) dinner and wed rather we _ (dine) out. 11. If she had been warned earlier, she _ (not break) the rules. 12. I would love _ _ _(go) to t

38、he party last night, but I had work extra hours to finish the report. 13. If you had followed (follow)my advice just now, you _ (be) fine now.,would be,to have gone,had/should have,dined,would not have broken,14. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he_ (score) a goal. 15. Th

39、e firefighters _ (arrive) in time, otherwise the house on fire would not have been saved. 16. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _ (be) freezing cold, too cold for us to live. 17. English teachers give advice that we _ _ (make) good use of every chance to speak English

40、.,would have scored,would be,arrived,should make,18. How I wish every family _ (have) a large house with a beautiful garden! 19. Janes pale face suggested that she _ (be) ill, and her parents suggested that she _ (have) a medical examination. 20. It is necessary that we _ (learn) English well. 21. S

41、he often laughed spontaneously (自发地), and her good humor breaks out brightly as is it _ (be) a part of the sunshine above.,had,was,should have,learn,were,二)、语篇填空,Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1 _(be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard-working while Peter is

42、 lazy. Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2 _(be) hard-working. Peter could do better, 3 _ he doesnt want to work hard. People believe if Peter 4 _(work) as hard as Tom, he would do as well as his brother in his study.,were,is,but,worked,At home, their parents make

43、a suggestion that they 5 _(do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6_ (finish) their homework before playing computer games. But Peter insists that it 7 _(be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his hom

44、ework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise-book aside and used another one.,should do,should finish,is,When Peter found the previous exercise-book, he struck out Toms name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the t

45、eacher told the truth to the twins Mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8 _(be) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9 _(be) as diligent as your brother! Now its time that I 10 _ (give) you a good lesson.,was,were,gave,And I insist that you 11 _( not pla

46、y) any computer games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to, 12 _, you would be forbidden to touch the computer for a year!” “Oh, no! Mom. 13 _computer for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14 _(ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.” Peter was upset. “If you 15

47、_ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldnt be punished now.” said the mother.,should not play,or/otherwise,without,asked,had finished,汤姆和彼特虽是长处像同一个人且都很聪明,但学习上却一勤一懒, 各不相同, 甚至有一次还因彼特懒惰, 投机取巧, 闹出笑话。 1. were 因as if引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况, 从句谓语用一般过去时, be一般用were。 2. is 因suggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。 3. but 因“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系。 4. worked 因if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。 5. should do 在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用should do。,6. should f