定语从句 (介词+关系代词)

1、定语从句: 由关系代词_ 或关系副词_引导的句子用来修饰主句中的某一个名词或代词的从句,起着定语的作用. 定语从句所修饰的词叫做_; 定语从句跟在先行词的后面. 构成方式: _. 关系代词或副词的三重功能: 连接主从句; 指代先行词; 在从句中作句子成分.,that, which, who, whom, whose,where, when, why,先行词,关系代词或副词陈述语序,The Attributive Clause in the text on P34,The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult peri

2、od of my life. 主干句：The time was a very difficult period of me. when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。 I will never forget the day _ I reached here. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful.,when,介词+ whom / which, 不能用that,Para 1,The school where I st

3、udied for only tow years was three kilometers away. 主干句： The school was three kilometers away. where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。 关系副词= 介词 + 关系代词 The place _ Jiangjieshi once used to lived has become a place of interest. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.,Para 2,w

4、here,= in which,The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. (Para 3) There was a time _ a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. We have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (Para 4) The USA is a large coun

5、try _ many different dialects are spoken,= on which,when,where,= in which,They could not get the jobs they wanted. They could not get the jobs ( which/that ) they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to li

6、ve were the poorest parts of South Africa.,作宾语,Para 5,= where,= in which,The places _ they had to live in were decided by the white. The places in _ they had to live were decided by the white.,( which / that ),which,Para 6 We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less imp

7、ortant, or fight the government. 先行词是position, situation, point, case, condition等时在定语从句中作状语用关系副词where连接. Sometimes we find a situation _ most students can remember words and expressions well but cant write a good composition.,where,where,We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful. I dont lik

8、e the way he talks. The way he thought of to solve the problem was very good.,作主语,that,( that / in which ),作状语,( that / which ),作宾语,The reason _ his absence is that he is ill. The reason _ he is absent is that he is ill. why指原因，在从句中作原因状语。 关系副词: when, where, why (1) when指时间，在从句中作时间状语。 (2) where指地点，在从

9、句中作地点状语。 (3) why的先行词只有reason，why在从句中作原因状语。 关系副词 = 介词 + 关系代词,for,why,= for which,关系副词 where This is the house (which/that ) he used to live in. This is the house in which / where he used to live. I know of a place (which /that ) we can swim in. I know of a place in which / where we can swim.,试比较：,The

10、 place _ we visited yesterday is a school for disabled children. The place _ Jiang Jieshi once used to lived has become a place of interest.,(which/ that),where,/ in which,Theyll never forget July 1 _ Hong Kong returned to its motherland. The days _ we used foreign oil are gone forever.,关系副词when,The

11、re was a time _ the businessman lost heart.,when,= on which,when,= on which,when,试比较：,Do you still remember the day _ we spent happily together? Do you still remember the day _we spent our holiday happily together? Do you still remember the day_ we went to visit the Summer Palace?,(which/ that),when

12、,when,先行词是表示原因的名词，即reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语，用why，这时一般可以用for which来代替: I dont know the reason why/ for which he did it. The reason why/ for which he was fired was not clear.,试比较： The reason _he explained to the teacher is not true. The reason _ was explained to the teacher is not true.,(which/ that),（作宾语）

13、,which /that,（作主语）,This is the date _ were proud of. This is the date _ he was born. I will never forget the time _ we spent together. This is the factory _my mother works. This is the factory _ we visited last week.,(which/that),when/on which,(which/that),where/in which,(which/that),practice,Is thi

14、s the school _we visited yesterday ? Is this school _ we visited yesterday? Is this school _we visited yesterday very modern? -This school _ we visited yesterday is very modern. Is this lab _ we did the experiment yesterday? -This lab is _ we did the experiment yesterday.,(which/ that),the one,which

15、/ that,the one where,(which/that),which/ that,the one,where,He is one of the students who _ it. He is the only one of the students who _ it. (believe) Those _ (want) to go to the cinema please sign your name here. Anyone _ to go to the cinema please sigh your name here.,believe,believes,who want,who

16、 wants,as, which的比较 a.在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用 They failed in the exam, as/which is natural. She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is. b.如从句在主句之前，用as As we all know, his parents were killed in this war. As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun. c.如关系代词

17、代表主句全句意思，有正如就象之意时，用as We won the match, as we had expected. He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected. 正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard/told/expected. 用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首、句中和句尾。,d. 当先行项被t

18、he same, such, so修饰时，用as This is the same book as you bought yesterday. (同类不同一本书) 比较: This is the same book that you bought yesterday. (同一本书) Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face. I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out. 比较: This is so difficult a quest

19、ion that no one can work it out.,（定语从句）,（状语从句）,Choose the best answers She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that 2. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.(92) A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom,B,D,3. T

20、he weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expected. (NMET94) A.what B.which C.that D.it 4. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. (NMET96) A. where B.which C.that D.when,B,A,5. Carol said the work would be done by October,_

21、personally I doubt very much. (NMET1999) A.it B.that C.when D.which 6. This is the way _ I am thinking of to do it. A.how B.with which C.by which D.,D,D,7. He invited ten friends to his home ; _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of them 8. He invited ten fri

22、ends to his home , _ are foreigners. A. six of whom B. the six of whom C. six of them D. the six of them,C,A,9. My hometown is not the same _ it used to be ten years ago. A.like B.as C.that D.which 10. Is this the factory _ you work? A.which B.in that C.where D.what 11. Is this the factory _ you vis

23、ited? A.which B.in that C.where D.what,B,C,A,12. Is this museum_ you visited last week? / B.which C.the one D.where 13. Is this the museum _ you visited last week? / B.what C.the one D.where,C,A,14. _ is known to all, Taiwan is part of China. A.As B.Which C.That D.It 15. _ is known to all that Taiwa

24、n is part of China. A.As B.Which C.That D.It 16.All_ is needed is a supply of oil. A.which B.that C.what D. /,A,D,B,17. They both talked happily about the men and books _ interested them in the school. A.which B.who C.when D.that 18. I dont like the way _ you talked to her. A.which B.in that C. / D.

25、by which,D,C,The Attributive Clause,关系词,关系代词,关系副词,which,that (person/thing)(s. o.),who ( person)(s. o.),whom (person)( o. ),whose (person / thing)(attribute),when (time) = 介词 + which,where (place) = 介词 + which,why (reason) = for which,(relatives),(relative pronounces),(relative adverbs),thing(s. o.)

26、,指先行句(as),填空： 1. Look at that lady _ name is Pochi. 2. He is a teacher _ I like very much. 3. Those pictures _ were drawn by Tom are nice. 4. Those _will go to the park stay here. 5. That was all the money _I had.,whose,(whom/that/who),which/that,who,that,6. Tom is the first boy _left the room. 7. L

27、ook at the boy and his dog _are coming this way. 8. You can read any book _I have. 9. That was the year _I went to America. 10. we came to the town, _we stayed for 2 hours.,that,that,that,when,where,This is the place _ I stayed for two days. The moment _ she won the gold medal was shown on TV. The f

28、actory _ he worked has been pulled down. The factory _ we are going to visit produces watches. The reason _ he explained to his father was a false one. The reason _ he was late is _ he had been caught in the traffic.,where,when,where,(which/that),(which/that),why,that,Whose从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型， e.g. T

29、hey live in a house, whose door opens to the south.,They lived in a house, the door _ open to the south. They lived in a house, _ door open to the south.,of which,of which the,preposition + relative pronouns,1. The person whom/who/that you should write to is Mr. Ball. 2. The pen which he is writing

30、with now was bought yesterday. 3. The gas which we can not live without is called oxygen.,The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.,The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen,The person _ you should write is Mr. Ball.,to whom,with which,without which,Have you met the person _ he was speaking

31、? He is the man _ you can turn for help.,The farm _ we worked then years ago isnt what it used to be. This is the tree _ we used to play games.,The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday. The gas _ we can not live is called oxygen.,More examples,about whom,to whom,on which,under which,with whi

32、ch,without which,Can you work them out?,Fill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live. 2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?,for,about,on,without,Use a preposition and a relative pronoun, whom/which, to complete the