冰山理论 中英

1、.Iceberg PrincipleThe iceberg principle is a writing theory stated by a famous American writer, Ernest Hemingway, as follows: If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.

2、 The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. （冰山原则是一个写作理论由一位著名的美国作家,海明威,如下:如果一个作家的散文足够了解他写他可能忽略的事情,会有一种感觉的事情虽然作者说他们一样强烈。冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面。一个好的作家不需要显示一个字符或动作的每个细节）Now this princ

3、iple has been applied in various fields. We could regard the small part which can be easily noticed as the 1/8 of an iceberg, and the part cant be easily noticed as the part under the surface. What cant be seen is the most important, because its the base of an iceberg, what it to the part above wate

4、r is what the root of a tree to the trunk. We may admire a famous person very much because of his wealth and fame, but how many people know the struggle and sufferings behind it? Are they dispensable? We can use the model of “iceberg principle”. His wealth and fame is the small part we can see, and

5、his sufferings and struggle is the part under water, without it, the person wouldnt have acquired the fame and wealth he owns today.（现在这一原则已经应用于各个领域。我们可以把这一部分很容易注意到冰山的1/8,和部分不容易注意到的部分表面。什么不可以被认为是最重要的,因为它是一座冰山的基础,它上面的部分水是什么根树的主干。我们可以欣赏一个非常著名的人因为他的财富和名声,但是有多少人知道它背后的挣扎和痛苦吗?他们是可有可无的吗?我们可以用“冰山原则”的模型。他的财富

6、和名声是我们可以看到的一小部分,和他的苦难和斗争是在水下的部分,没有它,就不会获得名誉和财富的人他今天拥有。）This principle also could be used in teaching. The amount of material that teachers could present to their students is a small portion of the sum total of knowledge and skills that they possess. Like an iceberg, the level of expertise that is vi

7、sible to the public is dependent upon a larger body of knowledge that is submerged out of sight. So, it is particularly important for instructors to continually increase their knowledge and skill level because only a portion of the total body of knowledge will appear to be available; the same goes t

8、o learning. What the teacher could teach us is very limited, so if we want enrich our knowledge; we have to learn to use what we have learned to explore the unknown things.( 这一原则也可用于教学。的材料数量,教师可以给学生是一小部分的总和为他们所拥有的知识和技能。像一座冰山,专业知识水平,可见公众依赖于一个更大的知识,被淹没在看不见的地方。是特别重要的,教师不断提高他们的知识和技能水平,因为只有部分知识的全身会出现可用;同

9、样的去学习。老师可以教会我们什么是非常有限的,所以如果我们想要丰富我们的知识,我们必须学会使用我们已经学会探索未知的事物)Ernest Hemingways “iceberg theory” suggests that the writer include in the text only a small portion of what he knows, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. This type of writin

10、g lends itself naturally to a version of dream-interpretation If a writer of prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. The dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth

11、 of it being above water. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.（海明威的“冰山理论”表明,作者包括文本中只有一小部分他知道什么,离开大约百分之九十的内容一个谜,生长在表面之下的写作。这种类型的写作有助于自然版的释梦法如果一个作家的散文足够了解他写他可能忽略的事情,会有一种感觉的事情虽然作者说他们一样强烈。冰山运动的尊严在于只有八分之一露出水面。一个好的作家不需要显示一个字符或动作的每个细节。）The Iceberg Theory is a term us

12、ed to describe the writing style of American writer Ernest Hemingway. The theory is this: The meaning of a piece is not immediately evident, because the crux of the story lies below the surface, just as most of the mass of a real iceberg similarly lies beneath the surface. For example, The Old Man a

13、nd the Sea is a meditation upon youth and age, even though the protagonist spends little or no time thinking on those terms。“冰山理论”是一个用来形容美国作家欧内斯特?海明威的写作风格的术语。具体是指：一篇作品的的意义不是显而易见的，因为故事的要义往往隐藏在表面之下。比如，老人与海是是关于对年龄的思考，但作品中的主要人物并没有在这个问题上花费什么时间。In Death in the AfternoonIf, Hemingway wrote: a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly