高级英语课程教案第二册第五课课件

1、Love is fallacy,Lets review this part, the organizational pattern: 86-96 Contradictory Promises 97-98 Interposition. He wants to give the girl back. 99-104 Ad. Misericordiam 105-108 False Analogy 109-114 Hypothesis Contrary to Fact 115-124 Poisoning the Well 125-154 backfiring of all the arguments,词

2、汇,chirp (v.) :speak in a lively，shrill way嘁嘁喳喳地说 - deposit (v.) :put，lay or set down放下，搁下 - glum (adj.) :feeling or looking gloomy，sullen忧郁的，闷闷不乐的 - ember (n.usuin p1.) :the smoldering remains of a fire常用复余烬,余火 - smolder (v.) :burn and smoke without flame；be consumed by slow combustion闷烧；熏烧 - fraugh

3、t (adj.) :filled，charged，or loaded充满的；蕴含的 - blubber (v.) :weep loudly, like a child(小孩般)大声哭 -,analogy (n.) :an explaining of something by comparing it point by point with something similar类比 - brief (n.) :a concise statement of the main points of a law case，usually filed by counsel for the informati

4、on of the court诉讼摘要；辩护状 - blueprint (n.) :a photographic reproduction in white on a blue background，as of architectural or engineering plans(建筑或工程设计用的)蓝图 - hypothesis (n.) :an unproved theory，proposition，supposition，etctentatively accepted to explain certain facts or to provide a basis for further i

5、nvestigation，argument，etc假设；前提 - yummy (adj.) :echoic of a sound made in expressing pleasure at a tastecolloqvery tasty；delectable；delicious表示享受美味的象声词口美味的，可口的 - chunk (n.) :a short，thick piece，as of meat，wood，etc一厚块(肉、木头等),- pitchblende (n.) :a brown to black lustrous mineral，the massive variety of

6、uraninite沥青铀矿 - fracture (v.Amslang) :cause to react with enthusiasm美俚使着迷 -gurgle (v.) :make a bubbling sound in the throat，as a contented baby does(婴儿高兴时)发咯咯声 - notorious (adj.) :widely but unfavorably known or talked about声名狼藉的，臭名昭著的 - indignation (n.) :anger or scorn resulting from injustice, ing

7、ratitude, or meanness; righteous anger愤慨，义愤 - exultant (v.) :exulting；triumphant；jubilant狂欢的；欣喜的；兴高采烈的 - hamstring (v.) :disable by cutting a hamstring；lessen or destroy the power or effectiveness of割断的腿腱以使残废；削弱(或破坏)的力量(或功能) - cretin (n.) :a person suffering from cretinism；a stupid person愚侏病者；白痴，傻瓜,

8、- letup (v.) :a slackening or lessening。as of effort；a stop or pause放松(努力)；中止，休止 - chink (n.) :a narrow opening；crack；fissure；slit缝隙；裂口 - grueling (adj.) :extremely tiring；exhausting折磨人的；使人筋疲力竭的 - wellheeled (adj.) :slangrich；prosperous俚有钱的，富有的 - fashion (v.) :shape；mold塑造；做成 - constellation (n.) :t

9、he part of the heavens occupied by a number of fixed stars星座；星宿 - languish (v.) :lose vigor and vitality；become weak变得萎靡不振；倦怠 - holloweyed (adj.) :having deepset eyes or dark areas under the eyes，as from sickness or fatigue(由于生病或疲倦)眼窝凹陷的，有黑眼圈的 - hulk (n.) :an abandoned wreck or shell废船 - surge (v.)

10、:have a heavy，violent swelling motion；move in or as in a surge汹涌澎湃 - perspiration (n.) :sweat汗,para94,If there is.irresistible force. An irresistible force and an immovable object cannot coexist.,Para97,The girl simply had a logical-proof head: Polly had a head that was resistant to (would not be af

11、fected by) logic. proof : resistant to, unaffected by fireproof防火的 waterproof防水的,Para98,Maybe somewhere . into flame: crater: the bowl-shaped opening in a volcano or a geyser 火山口 ember (n. usu. pl.) : ash of a dying fire 常用复余烬,余火 smolder (vi.): to burn with smoke but no flames; be consumed by slow c

12、ombustion火星；闷烧；熏烧,Para98,Maybe somewhere . into flame: Metaphor comparing Pollys mind to the extinct crater of a volcano, and “embers” to some spark of intelligence. Perhaps there is still some intelligence left in Pollys empty mind.,Para101,When the boss . is coming: a long loose sentence, which or

13、dinarily would be broken up into two or three separate sentences. In conversation such loose sentences are quite common.从句子“信息重心”角度来看，有圆周句和松散句。这种句式的使用，会使文章波澜起伏，文气收放自如。松散句即指将信息和实质部分在句子的前面先提出，因此读者在看到最初的几个词后就知道了这句话的意思。,Para104,Have you. handkerchief: Polly is moved to tears by the poverty and misery of

14、 the worker. The writer manages quite successfully to make the readers like or at least sympathize with Polly by describing her as a simple, nice girl with the right feminine emotions. On the other hand the writer dislike the shrewd, conceited and calculating freshman.,Para105,surgeons . an operatio

15、n: Surgeons use X-ray photographs to guide them during an operation. It is seldom considered a “metonymy”，but now because X-rays are now commonly taken to mean “photographs” made by means of X-rays.,Para109,“Nuts，”I muttered. Doggedly (固执的、顽强的) . on: I went ahead stubbornly. I kept on persistently.

16、We can see that there is a phrase “work like a dog”拼命工作，苦干 its a good word which exactly express the feeling of the young man. tired, impatient ,but still have to do.,Para110,Sounds yummy (美味): Sounds fine. yummy: (American colloquialism, echoic of a sound made in expressing pleasure at a taste) ver

17、y tasty; delectable (令人愉快的) delicious: also used, chiefly by women, as a generalized term of approval,Para111,If Madame curie had not happened to leave a photographic plate in a drawer with a chunk of pitchblende，the world today would not know about radium. 本局使用了虚拟语气的混合条件句，主句与从句夫的动作发生在不同的时间，这叫做混合条件句

18、。本句中if从句用了had done，表示与过去实事相反的假设，主句用了would do，表示与现在实事相反的假设。,虚拟语气,1、表示与现在事实相反的情况： if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might + do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）,虚拟语气,2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 if

19、+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might + have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）,虚拟语气,但是有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应

20、的调整。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了,Para112,it just knock me out: I was excited and filled with pleasure by the movie. knock (oneself) out: (American slang) to elicit (引起) enthusiasm or an emotional response, especially deep sympathy or laught

21、er I mean he fractures me: See notes to the text, point 11. fracture: American slang meaning, to evoke a strong reaction in someone；to cause to react with enthusiasm.,Para114,They ought . more pictures: They ought to let Walter Pidgeon act in more movies. picture: same as “movie picture”; a movie fi

22、lm,Para115,One more chance, I decided: ellipsis and inversion. （省略跟倒装） I decided that I would give her one more chance. But just one more: ellipsis. But I d give her just one more chance, that s all.,Para115,There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear: synecdoche (提喻法) Here we use flesh and bl

23、ood to stand for a original person.凡夫俗子 There is a limit to what any human being can bear.,Para115,Poisoning the well: the logical fallacy “ad hominem” or speaking “against the man” rather than to the issue. The writer compares “the personal attack on a person holding some thesis” to “poisoning the

24、well” - a metaphor.,Para118,I watched her . in concentration: knit her creamy brow: to draw her soft brows together (as when thinking very hard) I watched her as she thought very hard. a glimmer . into her eyes: From her eyes I could see that for the first time she was beginning to understand the pr

25、oblem.,Para119,The first man . drink from it: Metaphor comparing the first speakers personal attack to poisoning the well,Para119,He has hamstrung (使残废). even start: hamstrung (v.) : disable by cutting a hamstring；lessen or destroy the power or effectiveness of割断的腿腱以使残废；削弱(或破坏)的力量(或功能) Metaphor comp

26、are the speakers personal attack to disabling a person by cutting one of the tendons at the back of the knee,Para123,Heartened by the knowledge that Polly was not altogether a cretin, I began a long, patient review of all (that )I had told her. Encouraged by the idea that Polly was not an idiot comp

27、letely, I patient began to go over what we have discussed with her for a long time.,Para123,Over and over . without let-up: to hammer away (at): to work without stopping and with a lot of effort ；to keep emphasizing ；to attack frequently e.g. 1.He kept hammering away at his demand for a public inqui

28、ry let up: stopping; relaxing放松(努力)；中止，休止 Over and over again I gave examples and pointed out the mistakes in her thinking. I kept emphasizing all this without stopping.,Para123,At first . all was bright: The comparison is kept up and developed through the rest of the paragraph. After a lot of hard

29、work he managed to make Polly think logically. When he went out at the other end of the tunnel he found the sun shining brightly. Everything looked bright and happy.,Para124,Five grueling . worth it: Inversion to emphasize “five grueling (极度紧张的、精疲力尽的) nights”. grueling: (adj.) extremely tiring and d

30、ifficult, and demanding great effort and determination: 累垮人的，令人疲惫不堪的 e.g. He eventually won the match after five grueling sets. This (teaching Polly logic) took five extremely trying (exhausting) nights, but it was worth all the trouble.,Para124,I had made a logician out of Polly: I had turned Polly

31、 into a logician. out of: from (material etc. ) e.g. made out of stone She was worthy of me at last: This, once again, shows the conceit of the narrator. Polly was now good enough to be his wife.,Para124,She was a fit . well heeled children: mansion: a large, imposing house; stately residence well-h

32、eeled: (American slang) rich, prosperous Here the narrator describes the role, which he thinks, a wife should play. First she should be a proper hostess of a rich man who owns many mansions. In other words she should be good at entertaining his rich friends and clients and thus further his career. S

33、econd, she should be a good mother and properly look after his rich and prosperous children.,Para135,You are the whole worldof outer space: For me you are as important as the whole world ,the moon, the stars, and the universe. Constellation: a number of stars that forms a shape in the sky 星座,para138

34、,I was not by the throat: I planned to be Pygmalion, to fashion an ideal wife for myself; but I became Frankenstein for Polly ( my student) ultimately rejected me ( her teacher).,para138,Frantically through me: Desperately I tried to stop the feeling of panic that was overwhelming me.,Para 147,That

35、did it: That was the finial straw. That made me lose my patience. That made me lose my self-control.,Para 151,After he made my hand: 省略句。 He did traitorous act after he promised, after he made a deal, after he shock my hand.,Para 153,Look at me coming from: Look at me a clever student, a profound sc

36、holar, a man with a safe and secure future. Look at Petey a stupid person, and emotionally unstable, a person with a very uncertain future. 用了对照的修辞手法.,Writing techniques:,Max Shulman has a style quite his own. The story goes forward at a very fast pace with a lively dialogue full of American colloqu

37、ialism and slang. He employs a whole variety of writing techniques to make his story vivid, dramatic and colorful. 1.The lexical spectrum is colorful from the ultra learned terms 极端学术语 used by the conceited narrator to the vulgar language for Polly Espy. 1) The use of exclamatory 感叹词words “Gee” “Oo”

38、 “Wow-dow”,2) The use of ultra learned terms “Dicto Simpliciter” “Post Hoc” “Ad Misericordiam” 3) The use of colloquial 口语化words “dumb” “pin-up” “kid” “go steady” “date” “Holy Toledo” “casual kick” , “terrif” “magnif” “yummy” “fire away” 4) The use of slangs “nothing upstairs” “keen” “deal” “nut” “k

39、nock one out” “dreamy” “how cute” “rat” “knot-head” “jitterbug” “guy” “fracture”,To sum up, the lexical spectrum is made so colorful by the writers use of exclamatory words, ultra learned terms, colloquial words and slangs. These lexical devices together help to contribute to the vividness and aesth

40、etic beauty of the essay. 2.Rhetorical devices Simile (1)“My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemists scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.(para.4) (2)“First he looked at the coatwith the expression of a waif at a bakery window.”(para.50) (3)“He looked like a mound of dead raccoons

41、.”(para.57),Metaphor隐喻 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.”(para.98) Metonymy转喻 “There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.”(para.115) Here “flesh and blood” refers to “a person”.,Antithesis对立 (1)“It is,a

42、fter all,easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.”(para.27) (2)“Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing, resolution waning.”(para.50) (3)“If there is an irresistible force,there can be no immovable object.If there is an immovable object,there can b

43、e no irresistible force.” (para.94) Hyperbole夸张 (1)“It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.”(para.5),(3)“You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.”(para.135) Rhetorical question反问 “Who knew?”(para.98) Allusion暗示 (1)“Just as

44、 Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine.” (Para. 125),Pygmalion, from Greek mythology, is a king of Cyprus, and a sculptor, who fell in love with his own statue of Galatea, later brought to life by the goddess of love, Aphrodite, at his prayer. The narrator is comparing

45、himself to Pygmalion. He loves Polly just as Pygmalion loved his statue. (2)“I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.” (para.138),Frankenstein is the title character in a novel (1818) by Mary W. Shelley; he is a young medical student who creates a man-like monster that eventually destroys its own ma

46、ker. The narrator is comparing himself to Frankenstein, which is doomed to be the victim of his own creature. Transferred epithet 移位修饰; 移就; 移用 A figure of speech where an epithet (an adjective or descriptive phrase) is transferred from the noun it should rightly modify to another to which it does no

47、t really belong. Generally, the epithet is transferred from a person to a thing or idea.,1) The big man crashed down on a protesting chair. 2) sleepless nights 3) The singling of the passionate throat of a young man 4) There was a short, thoughtful silence. 出现了一阵短暂的、令人沉思的寂静。 5) The old man put a rea

48、ssuring hand on my shoulder. 老人把一只令人安心的手放在我的肩膀上。 6) Exchange angry words. 7) On that cold and lonely night, I recalled a lot of things from the past.,8) “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly” 9) I talked with the American in hesitant English. 10) The old m

49、an lay all night on the sleepless bed. 11) He passed many an anxious hour in the train. 12) He had some cheerful wine at the party. 13) “I said with mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.”(para.40),86“好，让我们来看看矛盾前提吧。” 87“行，行，”她叽叽喳喳地叫着，两眼闪现出快乐的光芒。 88 我皱了皱眉头，但还是接着讲下去。这里有一个矛盾前提的例子：如果上帝是万能的，他能造出一块连他

50、自己也搬不动的大石头吗？” 89“当然能，”她毫不犹豫地回答道。 90“但是如果他是万能的，他就能搬动那块石头呀，”我提醒她。 91“是嘛！”她若有所思地说，“嗯，我想他造不出那样的石头。” 92“但他是万能的啊，”我进一步提醒她。 93她用手抓了抓她那漂亮而又空虚的脑袋，“我全搞糊涂了，”她承认说。 94“你确实糊涂了。因为一种论点的各个前提相互间是矛盾的， 这种论点就不能成立；如果有一种不可抗拒的力量，就不可能有一种不可移动的物体，如果有一种不可移动的物体，就不可能有一 种不可抗拒的力量。懂吗?” 95“再给我讲些这类新奇的玩意儿吧，”她恳切地说。,96我看了看表，说：“我想今晚就谈到这里

51、。我现在该送你回去了。你杷所学的东西复习一遍，我们明晚上再来上一课吧。” 97我把她送到了女生宿舍，在那里她向我保证说这个晚上她过得非常痛快。我闷闷不乐地回到了我的房间，皮蒂正鼾声如雷地睡在床上。那件浣熊皮大衣像一头多毛的野兽扒在他的脚边；我当时真想把他叫醒，告诉他可以把他的女朋友要回去。看来我的计划会要落空了；这姑娘对逻辑简直是一点儿都不开窍。 98 但是我回过头一想，既然已经浪费了一个晚上，不妨还是再花一个晚上看看。天晓得，说不定她头脑里的死火山口中的什么地方，还有些火星会喷射出来呢。也许我会有办法能把这些火星扇成熊熊烈焰。当然，成功的希望是不大的，但我还是决定再试一次。 99第二天晚上我们又坐在那棵橡树下，、我说：“今晚上我们要淡的第一种谬误叫做文不对题。” 100她高兴得都发抖了。 101“注意听，”我说。“有个人申请工作，当老板问他所具备钓条件时，他回答说他家有妻子和六个孩子。妻子完全残废了，孩子们没吃的，没穿的，睡觉没有床，生火没有煤，眼看冬天就要到了。” 102两滴眼泪顺着波利那粉红的面颊往下滚。“是的，这太可怕了!太可怕了！”她抽泣着说。,103“是的，是太可怕了，”我同意地说。“但这可不成其为：申请工作的理由。那人根本没有回答老板提出的关于他的条件的问题，反而祈求老板的同情。他犯了文不对题的错误。你懂吗？” 104“你带手帕了没有?”她哭着说。