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1、商务文体翻译,措辞严密,专业术语,逻辑性强,长句难句 合同(contract) 信用证 (L/C) 汇票 (draft) 提单 (B/L) 产地证 (certificate of origin) 商检证 (inspection certificate) 商业发票 (commercial invoice) 装运通知 (shipping advice) 保险单 (policy of insurance) 报关单 (customs declaration),语气委婉,语言简洁,语法简明,语体非正式 询盘(enquiry letter) 报盘 (offer) 还盘 (counteroffer) 订货单

2、 (indent) 市场报告 (market report) 销售报告 (sales report) 备忘录 (memorandum) 会议记录 (minutes),诱导功能,措辞严谨,修辞多变,以劝说为目的 推销信 (sales letter) 产品广告 (product ads) 商标 (trade mark) 产品说明 (instruction) 索赔函 (claim letter) 催款函 (collection letter),主要的价格术语 国际商会出版的2000年国际贸易术语解释通则 (INCOTERMS2000)规定的贸易术语分类 Trade terms 第一组:E组术语 启运

3、,卖方在其所在地把货物交给买方 Ex Works 工厂交货价,第二组:F组术语 主要运费未付,卖方须将货物交至买方指定 的承运人 FCA: Free Carrier 货交承运人 卖方须将货物交给买方指定承运人,从交货 地至目的地的运费由买方负担 指定装运港 FAS: Free Alongside Ship 船边交货 FOB: Free On Board 离岸价(船上交货),第三组:C组术语 主要运费已付 ,卖方必须签订运输合同,但 对货物灭失或损坏的风险以及装船和启运后 发生事件所产生的额外费用不承担责任 指定目的港 CFR: Cost “认为”用“deem”,用“consider”少,不用“

4、think”或“believe”; “愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”,3. 用词专业(Technical Terms) “赔偿”用“indemnities”,而不用“compensation” “不动产转让”用“conveyance”,而不用“transfer of real estate” “房屋出租”用“tenancy”,而“财产出租”用“lease of property” “停业”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名词是cessation) a business”,而不用“end/stop a business” 专利许可

5、中的“特许权使用费”只用“royalties” 还款或专利申请的“宽限期”英文“grace”, “当事 人在破产中的和解”用“composition”,以实物出资为“investment in kind” “依照合同相关规定”一般说“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein” “合同任何一方当事人不得转让本合同”英文表述为 “Neither party hereto may assign this contract”, 其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”,词语叠用 叠用确保了合同所用词语意思

6、不会被曲解 常见叠用词 able and willing能够与愿意 alteration, modification or substitution 变更、修改或替代 be null and void and of no effect 作废并无效 insufficiency or inadequacy 不足 loss or damage 灭失或损坏 negligence, fault, or failure in the duties and obligations 未履行责任和义务,stipulations and provisions 条款 terms or conditions 条款 u

7、se, misuses or abuse 使用、误用或滥用 void and voidable 无效的和可以撤销的 just and due 合理与正当的 sole and absolute 完全的 It is the intent of the parties that all documents and annexes forming part hereof shall be read and taken together and that each and every provision or stipulation hereof be given full force, effect

8、and applicability. However, in the event that one or more provisions or stipulations herein be declared null and void by the courts, or otherwise rendered ineffective.,All permits, taxes and other fees arising from the prosecution and execution of the project shall be solely shouldered by the Contra

9、ctor. 项目施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及其他费用全部由承包方负担。 项目执行、施工过程中所产生的许可证费、税费及 其他费用均由承包方承担。,Any supplement, modification or alternation agreed by both parties shall be taken as an integral part of the Contract, and has the equal legal force as the Contract itself. 经双方同意,对本合同所做的任何补充、修改或变 更应作为合同不可分割的组成部分,并具有与合同 同等的法律效

10、力。 经双方同意,对本合同的任何补充、修改应作为合同不可分割的组成部分,并具有与合同同等的法律效力。,Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Contract, or the breach, termination or invalidity thereof, shall be settled through amicable negotiation, in case no settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall

11、then be submitted for arbitration. The location of arbitration shall be in the country of the domicile of the defendant.,由于本合同或者由于违反本合同、终止本合同或者本合同无效而发生的、或与此有关的任何争端、争议或索赔,双方应通过友好协商解决;如果协商不能解决,应当提交仲裁。仲裁应当在被告户籍所在国进行。,翻译原则 文体适应性:了解经贸文本语言特点,表达法 询价与报价: 语气委婉,简洁,准确,非正式文体 would like to /would love to 想要/意欲 b

12、e interested in be desirous of take great pleasure 很高兴,2. 议价和协调:语气委婉,严谨,非正式文体 be afraid Is it possible that feel sorry that suggest that 3.回复和抱怨、赔偿 look forward to have to complain to regret to inform lodge a claim against,We would like to know the price exclusive of tax of your PDA. A client of min

13、e enquiries for 100 cases Black Tea. The above inquiry was forwarded to you on January 15, but we havent received your reply until now. Your early offer will be highly appreciated. Any increase or decrease in the freight after the date of sale shall be for the buyers account. All prices are subject

14、to change without notice. Please find the attached information and our best offer for our products.,我们想知道你方PDA不含税的价格。 我的一个客户询价100箱红茶。 上述询价已于1月15日发给贵公司,可是我们 到现在还未收到你方答复,请早日报价,不 胜感激。 出售日后运费如有上涨或下跌,均归买方负 担。 所有报价随时会变更,恕不另行通知。 请参考附件数据和我们所提供最优惠的产品 价格。,商务合同的基础知识,国际商务合同一般包含如下四个部分 (一)合同名称(Title):即合同标题,表明合同的内

15、容和性质。 (二)前文(Preamble):A. 订约日期和地点;B. 合同当事人及其国籍、主营业务或住所;C. 当事人合法依据;D. 订约缘由/说明条款 (三)正文(Main Body):A. 一般条款(General Terms and Conditions);B. 特殊条款(Other Conditions)。 (四)结尾条款(WITNESS Clause):A. 结尾语;B. 签名(Signature);C. 盖印(Seal)。,合同英语的词汇特点 及翻译要点,庄重文体,用词极其考究,特定性和严肃风格 一、用词专业,具有法律意味(professional or legal) 二、用词正

16、式、准确(formal and accurate),(一)根据不同的专业来确定词义 1)The premium rates vary with differed interests insured. 保险业,意思是“被保险的货物” 2)If the buyer fails to pay any account when due, the buyer shall be liable to pay the seller overdue interest on such unpaid amount from the due date until the actual date of payment

17、at the rate of five percent per annum, such overdue interest shall be paid upon demand of the seller. 国际贸易,意思是“一方由于未能支付到期的应 付款项而向另一方支付的利息” 3)The articles of our immediate interest are your “CHON-HOI” brand Agricultural Washing Machines. 营销业, “对什么产品、品牌感兴趣”,(二)注意合同本身的术语 合同自身也有大量具有法律特性的合同术语 “权利和义务”(rig

18、hts and obligations) “仲裁”( arbitration) “终止”(termination) “不可抗力”(force majeure) “管辖”(jurisdiction) 对这些词语在一般文体中和法律文体中的意义进 行区分,Contractor shall assure full responsibility for the entire project work until its acceptance. 译文:在项目接收之前,承包方应对工程承担全 部责任。“验收” Shipping details , including whether transshipment

19、s are allowed; also recorded should be the latest date for shipment and the names of the ports of shipment and discharge. 装船细节包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和 装船、卸货的港口名称。 “装运细节”,“装货港和卸货港的名称”,(三)注意一些以here、there或where等作前缀的副词。 这些虚词的使用使得句子简练、严谨,从而显示 出该类语言正规、严肃、权威等文体特征 here代表this there代表that where代表what/which We hereb

20、y certify 在这句中是强调所说明、证明的 内容,因此可译为“特此”。,长句及其翻译 首先,要找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的 主干结构 其次,要找出句子中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结 构、介词短语和从句的引导词,然后再分析从句 和短句的功能,即:是否是主语从句、宾语从句 、表语从句或状语从句等,以及词、短语和从句 之间的关系 最后,分析句子中是否有固定搭配、插入语等其他 成分,The Buyer may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the Sel

21、ler for short-weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor. 主干为The Buyer maylodge a claim 时间(within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination) 方式(being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor) 原因(for short-weight

22、),按照汉语的行文规范适当进行调整:方式状语一 般应置于动词之前;其他状语可以灵活处理 译文 货物抵达目的港15天内,买方可以凭有信誉的公 共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。,If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other Party under this contract or under

23、Applicable Laws, it shall indemnify and keep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses, damages, costs, expenses, liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.,如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条或18.2条所作 的陈述及担保或重述,则另一方除根据本合同或相 关法律寻求任何可能的救济之外,违约方应当赔偿

24、另一方或合营公司因此种违反而招致的任何损失 、损害、费用、开支、责任或索赔。,国际商务合同结构三个部分 Preamble of a Contract合同的前言 其一,主要载明合同当事人的名称或者姓名、国籍、主营业务或者住所(the corporate or personal names of the parties to the contract and their nationalities,principal places of business or residential addresses); 其二,合同签订的日期、地点(the date and place of signing o

25、f the contract)。 以上两项内容主要解决以下法律问题:合同的主体是谁;订约人是否具有合法主体资格,合同及合同争议应适用的法律;合同履行地点;合同生效、终止、履行日期及争议时的司法管辖权等等。,This contract is made this 29th day Of March. 2003 in Shanghai,China by and between ABC Corporation China (hereinafter referred to as “Seller),a- Corporation having their principal office in Shangh

26、ai, China who agrees to sell, and XYZ Corporation (hereinafter referred lo as “Buyer),a Corporation having their principal office in New York,NY,USA, who agrees to buy the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:,本合同由中国ABC公司, 总公司设于中 国上海(以下简称卖方)与美国XYZ公司, 总公司设于美国纽约州纽约市(以下简称 买方)于2003年3月29日

27、订立于中国上海, 双方同意按下述条件买卖下列货物:,合同号码:(经合字)第0081号 签约日期:2003年3月29日 签约地点:中国上海 卖方:中国ABC公司 地址:中国上海 街 号 公司属国:中华人民共和国 电传: 传真: 邮编: 电子信箱: 买方:美国XYZ公司 地址:美国纽约州纽约市街号 公司属国:美利坚合众国 电传: 传真: 邮编: 电子信箱:,Contract Number:JH Zi,No.0081 Date 0f Execution of Contract:March,29,2003 Place Of Execution Of Contract:Shanghai,China. S

28、eller:ABC Corporation,China Address:No , St,Shanghai,China。 Country of Corporation:Peoples Republic of China Telex: Fax: Postcode: E-mail: Buyer:XYZ Corporation,USA Address:No. , St,New York,NYUSA Country Of Corporation:United States of America Telex: Fax: Postcode: E-mail:,Final Clauses合同的结尾 结尾条款主要

29、应明确的内容有:合同使用的 文字及其效力(languages in which the contract is to be written and its validity)。除 了明确使用的文字及其效力外,有时还应订 立对合同进行修改或补充的内容。如果合同 中订有附件,应在合同中另立一章列出附件 的具体内容,并明确在合同的结尾部分规定 附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分。应明确 规定合同在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。,This Contract is made out in two originals,each copy written in Chinese and English langua

30、ges, both texts being equally valid. In case of any divergence of interpretation,the Chinese text shall prevail 本合同正文一式两份,分别以中文和英文书写, 两种文本具有同等效力。若对其解释产生异议, 则以中文本为准。 The annexes as listed in Articles 19 to this Contract shall form an integral part of this Contract 本合同第19章列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组 成部分。,Any amen

31、dment andor supplement to this contract shall valid only after the authorized 、 representatives of both parties have signed written document (s),forming integral part (s) of this Contract 本合同的任何修改和补充,只有在双方授权的代 表在书面文件上签字后才能生效,并成为本合同 不可分割的组成部分。 This Contract shall come into force after the signatures

32、by the authorized representatives of both parties. 本合同将在双方授权代表签字后正式生效。,Validity Clauses 0f Contracts合同的效力条款 这部分内容涉及合同生效的基本条件,在法 律上具有重要的意义。合同效力的内容主要 由两组条款组成,分别写在合同的开始和结 尾. 第一组条款写在合同的开始,在结构上称 “前言条款”(Preface Clause),其主要内容 为:,(1)合同的名称:主要写明合同的准确名称,如 “购货合同”(Purchase Contract), “销售合同”(sales Contract), “联合生

33、产合同”(Contract for Coproduction), “成套设备技术引进合同” (Contract for Introduction of Complete Plant and Technology), “中外合资经营企业合同”(Contract for Sino-foreign Joint Ventures)等;,(2)合同各方名称及法定地址:合同各方的名 称第一次在合同中出现时一定要写全名,不 能缩写,只有在后面重复出现时才能用简称, 简称为甲方或乙方,买方或卖方,许可方或 被许可方(hereinafter referred to as Party A or Party B;t

34、he Buyer or the Seller;the Licensor or Licensee)等;法定地址,主要指 营业地、住所地、或居所所在地,(3)订约日期及地点:订约日期和地点是关系 到合同发生纠纷时适用法律的问题,必须写 明; (4)合同双方法律关系,主要是在明确了当事 人全称后,指明谁是买方谁是卖方,或出让 方、受让方,贷款人或借款人等等; (5)同意订约的词句,如“双方同意按下述条 款买卖下列货物”(Both parties agree to buy and sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below

35、),This Contract is made this 16th date of Oct, 1998 in Beijing,China by and between ABC (Full Name) Company under the Law of ,having its registered address in ,Its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Buyer) and DEF (Full Name) Company under the Law of ,having its registered address In

36、,its legal address is (hereinafter referred to as the “Seller); whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the following goods on the terms and conditions as below:,本合同由依 法律成立的ABC(全称)公司, 其登记注册地在 ,法定地址为(以下简称买 方)和依 法律成立的DEF(全称)公司,其登 记注册地在 ,法定地址为 (以下简称卖方) 于1998年10月16日在中国北京订立,双方同 意按下述

37、条款买卖下列货物:,第二组条款写在合同的结尾部分,在结构上 称“结尾条款”(concluding clauses),其主 要内容为:合同使用的文字,合同的份数, 各种文本的效力,合同的生效时间,对合同 修改补充的效力,双方当事人签字等。如果 合同中包括附件,还应在合同中规定: “附 件是合同不可分割的部分”(The annex shall form an integral part of this Contract),否则, 就不具备构成合同附件的条件。,This Contract is made out in duplicate in Chinese and In English Langu

38、age,one Chinese original copy and one English original copy for each Party, both texts being equally authenticThis contract shall come into force from the date. It is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties. The annexes as listed in Article 10 shall form an integral part to this Con

39、tract 本合同用中文和英文书就,一式二份,双方各执 一份中文正本和一份英文正本。两种文本具有同 等效力。本合同自双方授权代表签字之日起生效, 第十章中列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部 分。,Any amendment andor supplement to this contract will be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written documentsforming integral parts of the Contract 对本合同的任何修改和补充,只

40、有在双方授 权代表在书面签字后方为有效,并成为本合 同不可分割的组成部分。,Definition and Whereas定义与鉴于条款,Definition Clauses定义条款 为了避免对涉外合同中使用的某些重要的名 词、概念的理解发生争议,使双方对合同中 使用的重要名词有统一的认识,对合同中重 复出现的有特殊意义的且容易引起争议的名 词概念作专门的解释,是非常必要的。,在订立定义条款时要考虑两方面问题: 首先,应确定对合同中的哪些名词术语进行 定义。确定的标准是:在合同中重复出现, 具有特殊意义,并且对确定当事人的权利和 义务有关键性作用的名词术词; 其次,应确定以何种形式对合同中的专用名 词进行定义。在实践中,一般对合同中重复 出现的关键名词列出专章或专款进行解释。,定义条款常见于下列类型的合同中, “合作生产合同”(Contract for Co-production) “专有技术合同”(Contract for Know-how) “成套设备技术引进合同” (Contract for Introduction of Complete Plant and Technology) “合资经营企业合同” (Contract for Joint Ventures)

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