2016届高考英语二轮复习讲义课件：第2部分+题型专题突破+专题5(全国卷Ⅱ)

1、2016高考导航适用于全国卷,专题五 短文改错,专题五 短文改错,短文改错解题技巧 历年改错的设题通常从以下三个方面入手：词法错误、句法错误和行文逻辑错误。 一、词法错误 词法错误类设错在短文改错题中占很大的比例，考生需要特别注意。对于这类题，考生要仔细分析句子成分,细心观察，并在平时学习过程中多积累语言知识。错误类型通常有以下几种：冠词的误用，名词单复数的误用，形容词与副词的混 用，代词的误用，介词的误用等。,1冠词的误用 冠词错用在高考短文改错中极为常见。从高考英语短文改错题的命题角度来看，通常从以下几个方面设题：不定冠词a和an混用，不定冠词a或an和定冠词the混用，不定冠词或定冠词多

2、余或缺失。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside. 【解析】 in the countryside“在农村/乡下”为固定搭配。 【答案】 countryside前加the,(2014高考陕西卷，节选)That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! 【解析】 由于impressive的发音是以元音音素开头的，所以其前要用不定

3、冠词an。 【答案】 a改为an,2名词单复数的误用 近几年高考短文改错对名词的考查主要集中在名词的单复 数。也就是名词该用复数形式时错用了单数形式。也有不 可数名词错用了复数形式等情况。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. 【解析】 air“空气”是不可数名词，不能用复数形式。 【答案】 airsair,(2014高考全国卷，节选)For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hou

4、r every day. 【解析】 由句中的one and a half可知，此处应用复数形式hours。 【答案】 把half后的hour改为hours,3形容词与副词的混用 应该用形容词的却用了副词，或应该用副词的却用了形 容词。 (2015高考全国卷，节选)Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.” 【解析】 形容词worried应用副词修饰。 【答案】 terribleterribly,(2014高考全国卷，节选)We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at

5、no cost! 【解析】 根据句子的结构来判断，要用形容词修饰名词tomatoes。 【答案】 wonderfullywonderful,4代词的误用 主要考查各类代词的用法，特别是人称代词和不定代词的 用法。 (2015高考浙江卷，节选)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them. 【解析】 代词误用。这里代指前面的a beautiful park，故them改为it。 【答案】 themit,(2014高考辽宁卷，节选)We appreciate our apologies and

6、goodwill，but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter. 【解析】 根据we hope that you can.可知此处指的是“你 们”的道歉，所以把our改为your。 【答案】 ouryour,5介词的误用 此类改错题主要考查介词的意义、用法及固定搭配。涉及动 词时，如果动词是及物动词，其后直接接宾语，不需要介 词，如果其后有介词，那这个介词就是多余的；而不及物动 词不可直接接宾语，如果接宾语需要借助于恰当的介词，如 果缺少了这个介词，就会出现错误。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)Unfo

7、rtunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted. 【解析】 with the development of.随着的发展。 【答案】 onwith,(2015高考浙江卷，节选)My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass. 【解析】 be made from由制成(看不出原材料)；be made of由制成/组成(看得出原材料)，所以from要

8、改 为of。 【答案】 fromof,二、句法错误 高考英语短文改错常见的句法错误有动词的时态、语态错 误，非谓语动词使用错误，主谓一致错误，名词性从句中的 连词的误用，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的误用等。 这些错误通常与句子成分的分析紧密相关，所以难度较大。,1动词的时态、语态错误 近几年短文改错题涉及时态的考查点通常为一般现在时和一般过去时的混用，有时也涉及对其他时态的考查。而语态错误主要包括主动语态与被动语态的误用以及不及物动词用了被动语态。一般来说，在高考短文改错中必有时态错误。,(2015高考全国卷，节选)After looking at the toy for some tim

9、e，he turned around and found that his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry. 【解析】 此处考查时态，and引导并列成分，前后结构应一致，was为过去时，故begun应改为过去时began。 【答案】 begunbegan,(2015高考全国卷，节选)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem. 【解析】 考查动词的语态。主语studies与谓语

10、show之间是主动关系，故需用主动语态。 【答案】 去掉been,2非谓语动词使用错误 非谓语动词使用错误在短文改错中较为常见。该类错误主要体现在以下几个方面：动词不定式的符号to赘余或缺失，过去分词和现在分词的混用等。,(2015高考浙江卷，节选)I enjoyed sit close to the windows and looking at the view. 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。enjoy后加动名词形式，故sit改为sitting。 【答案】 sitsitting,(2015高考四川卷，节选)Its been a month since I came to this new sc

11、hool and I really want share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. 【解析】 考查非谓语动词用法。want to do sth.想要做 某事。 【答案】 want后加to,3主谓一致错误 主谓一致错误是指谓语动词的形式跟主语不一致。其错误类型表现为：主语是复数形式，而谓语动词却用了单数形式，或者主语是单数形式，谓语动词却用了复数形式。主谓一致错误也是考生在书面表达中常犯的错误，考生也通常忽略这方面的问题。,(2014高考陕西卷，节选)Suddenly the arrows was flying

12、 down at us from the skythey looked like rain! 【解析】 由于句子的主语为“the arrows”，故谓语动词要用复数形式，且此处表示过去的动作，故用were。因此将was改为were。 【答案】 waswere,(2014高考辽宁卷，节选)The early morning barking have been disturbing us as we are often up all night with the baby. 【解析】 本句的主语是动名词短语“The early morning barking”，故谓语动词要用单数形式。 【答案】

13、havehas,4主从句连接词误用 此类错误主要指名词性从句中的连词的误用，定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词的误用等。 (2015高考浙江卷，节选)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom，I will never forget it. 【解析】 句意：虽然我在那个教室学习时还是个孩子，但是我永远不会忘记。根据句意， If应改为Although/Though。 【答案】 IfAlthough/Though,(2014高考四川卷，节选)If you notice that when someone is missing or hu

14、rt，tell your teacher immediately. 【解析】 分析句子结构可知，notice后接一个宾语从句，从句的意思是完整的，所以要用that引导，故when是多余的，应该去掉。 【答案】 去掉when,三、行文逻辑错误 在高考短文改错中，有时考生会碰到词法方面和句法方面均没有错误的句子，此时就必须从行文逻辑上来判断句子的合理性。行文逻辑错误常见的有代词的指代错误,连词的逻辑意义错误等。这类错误很难被发现,而此类错误基本上都会有所涉及,所以针对这类题考生必须通过阅读全文来综合考虑。 1代词的指代错误 代词的指代错误常见的是代词的指代对象、单复数及代词的格与文章的逻辑意义不一

15、致，此外还有反身代词的错用等。这类错误通常较为隐蔽。,(2015高考四川卷，节选)In fact，I dont like to go anymore，but Im afraid Ill lose their friendship.What do you think I should do？If you were me，would you talk to him? 【解析】 根据上文可知，这里指作者的朋友们，此处代词指代错误，故him改为them。 【答案】 himthem,2连词的逻辑意义错误 (2014高考湖南卷，单项填空，改编)Make what youre doing today imp

16、ortant, and because youre trading a day of your life for it. 【解析】 本句是祈使句。句意：让你今日所做之事重要起 来，因为你是在用一天的生命换取它。前后为因果关系。 【答案】 去掉and,A (2015高考全国卷)When I was a child，I hoped to live in the city.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city，but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean o

17、r the mountains are green.Unfortunately，on the development of industrialization，the environment has been polluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are dying out.We m

18、ust found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so，well live to regret it.,B (2015高考全国卷)One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.After looks at the toy f

19、or some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later，Tony saw parents.Mom said，“How nice to see you again！Dad and I were terrible worried.” Tony promised her that this

20、would never happen again.,C (2014高考全国卷)Nearly five years before，and with the help by our father，my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please.As result，the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year，but we have neve