牛津英语高二

1、牛津英语高二上册 Unit 3,金山英语 Alicia Pan 潘晓霞,Contents,Key words,Key expressions,Key sentences,Grammar,4,1,2,3,Key words,n. elementary, fashion, fur, pressure, resistance, sight v. adopt, affect, afford, appreciate, complain, illustrate, link, promote, reduce, ruin adj. academic, extinct, fashionable,Key expr

2、essions,a piece of, be keen on, be linked to, bring along, close down,go against, go out of style, peer pressure, public school, school uniform, search for,Key sentences,To illustrate my talk, I have brought along five objects. I think the more you spend the better the quality. However, Im not as ke

3、en on fashion as my brother Gray. Was it worth a trip to London to buy these?,Grammar,restrictive and non-restrictive relative clause (限制性和非限制性定语从句) non-restrictive clauses that use which to refer to the whole clause.(非限制性定语从句用which只带整个句子) non-restrictive relative clauses with one of whom, some of w

4、hich, etc.(带有one of whom, some of which等的非限制性定语从句),Key words in detail,fashion n. popular style at a given time or place 流行的式样，时尚 e.g. Fashions in art and literature are changing constantly. (2)singmanner of way of doing sth. e.g. He walks in a peculiar fashion. 【常用搭配】 be in/ come into fashion 正时兴，正

5、流行 be in/ follow the fashion赶时髦，随大流 be/go out of fashion 过时,Key words in detail,2. fashionable adj. in a style or design which is popular at that time; in fashion 流行的式样，时尚 e.g. It is fashionable to go to travel in Europe. This dress is in such a good style that it will be fashionable for many years.

6、 fashionable ladies 3. illustrate v. explain or make sth. clear by examples, diagrams, pictures, etc. 说明，阐明某事 e.g. Nothing illustrated his selfishness more clearly than his behaviour to his wife.,Key words in detail,(2)supply sth. with pictures, diagrams, etc.给画插图，配上插图 e.g. The writer used many pict

7、ures in Oxford English to illustrate the content of the book better. 【常用搭配】illustrate sth. with sth. / by doing sth. 用某事/做某事去阐明某事 e.g. He illustrated his point with/ by relating to his own experience. 他联系自己的经历来阐明他的观点。 【派生】 illustration n. 解释，说明，插图 illustrator n. 为书制作插图的人 illustrative adj. 解释性的，说明性的

8、4. object n. (1) solid thing that can be seen or touched 可看到和触摸的实物；物体 e.g. There were several objects on the floor of the room.,Key words in detail,(2) person or thing to which sth is done or some feeling or thought is directed 对象，客体（行为、感觉或思想所及的人或物） e.g. This church is the main object of his interes

9、t. (3) thing aimed at; intention, purpose目标，意向，目的 e.g. His object in life is to earn as much money as possible. 【知识扩展】object v. say that one is not in favor (of sb./sth.); protest 不赞成，反对，抗议 object to sth./sb. 5. blouse n. a garment like a shirt, worn by women 女衬衫 e.g. She was wearing a shirt and blo

10、use.,Key words in detail,6. afford v. have enough time or money to do sth. or to buy sth. (often used with can, could and be able to)有足够的时间做某事，买得起(经常与can, could, be able to连用) e.g. I cant afford (to buy) the car. (2)be able to do sth. without risk to oneself承担得起 e.g. I mustnt annoy my boss because I

11、 cant afford to lose my job. 7. sight n. a famous place often visited by tourists名胜，观光地 e.g. Come and see the sights of London. (2) thing (to be) seen, or worth seeing, esp sth remarkable 景物；景象；尤指奇观，壮观 e.g. The sunset is a beautiful sight.,Key words in detail,(3)ability to see视力 e.g. Birds have bett

12、er sight than dogs. (4) action of seeing sb./sth看见 e.g. I cant bear the sight of blood. (5) range within which sb. can see or sth can be seen视野 Never let him out of your sight for a moment. 【常用搭配】 (1) at the first sight 乍一看 At the first sight, the problem is easy to solve. (2) at the sight of 看到His

13、face lit up at the sight of his lovely daughter. (3)in/within sight可以看见There was not a single student within sight. (4)out of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind.,Key words in detail,8. appreciate v. (1) to understand the value of sth.欣赏，鉴赏 e.g. It is nice to sit on the beach appreciating the beauti

14、ful sunset. (2) to be thankful or grateful for 感激 e.g. I really appreciate your timely help. 【派生】appreciation n. 鉴定，欣赏，感激 9. ruin v. cause the destruction of sth./sb.毁坏，毁灭 e.g. The storm ruined the crops. 【派生】ruin n. 毁灭;废墟 e.g. an ancient temple which has fallen into ruin The earthquake left the who

15、le town in ruins,Key words in detail,10. affect v. to influence影响；作用 e.g. The climate affected his health. (2) (of disease) attack (sb./sth.), infect(指疾病)侵袭某人或某物；感染 e.g. Cancer had affected his lungs. 【比较】effect n. 效果 have effect on 对有影响 take effect 生效 in effect事实上，简直是 11. extinct adj. (1)(esp. of a

16、 type of animal, etc.) no longer in existence(尤指某种动物等)不再存在的；绝种的；灭绝的 e.g. The woolen elephant has been extinct for a long time. (2) (of a volcano) no longer active (指火山)不再活跃的；熄灭的 e.g. an extinct volcano,Key words in detail,12.elementary adj. (1)of or in the beginning stages (of a course of study)(一门课

17、程的)入门阶段，初级的 e.g. elementary education, elementary class (2) dealing with the simplest facts, basic基础的，基本的 e.g. elementary mathematics 13. reduce v. reduce sb./sth. (from sth)to make sth. smaller in size, number, degree, price, etc.缩减(体积、数量、程度、价格等)；减少；降低 e.g. This shirt was greatly reduced in he sale

18、. (2) make sb. lower in rank or status; demote sb.降职 e.g. reduce a sergeant to the ranks,Key words in detail,14. programme n. plan of what is to be done工作计划；活动安排；行动方案 e.g. Who launched the programme to redevelop the inner cities? 15. promote v. (1) to support; help in the growth of 支持；促进 e.g. We are

19、 trying to promote the cultural exchange between nations. (2) to advance in position or rank 提升，升职 e.g. The young army officer was promoted to the rank of captain. (3) to bring goods to public notice in order to increase sales宣传，推广(商品) e.g. The company are promoting their new kind of toothbrush on t

20、elevision.,Key words in detail,16. link (1)v. make or suggest a connection between people or things将人和物连接或联系起来: link A with B/ link A and B; link sth up e.g. Wages are linked to prices in a number of countries. (2) n. a person or thing that connects two others联系两者的人或事物；关系；联系 e.g. Police suspect ther

21、e may be a link between the two murders. 17. pressure n. (1) force or weight of sth pressing continuously on or against sth that it touches压力，挤压 e.g. The pressure of the water caused the wall of the dam to crack. (2) strong or oppressive influence 强大的影响；压迫(感) The pressure of city life forced him to

22、move to the country.,Key words in detail,【常用搭配】under pressure 被迫的 put pressure on sb. to do sth 试图迫使某人做某事 18. academic adj. (1) of (teaching or learning in) schools, colleges, etc. 学校的；学院的 e.g. the academic year (2) of theoretical interest only仅注重理论的，学术的 e.g. This question is purely academic. 19. re

23、sistance n. (1) using force to oppose sth./sb. 抵抗；对抗 e.g. The demonstrators offered little or no resistance to the police. (2) power to remain undamaged or unaffected by sth. 抵抗力 e.g. We should take more physical exercise to build up resistance to disease.,Key words in detail,20. complain v. say tha

24、t one is dissatisfied, unhappy, etc.投诉；抱怨；诉苦 complain (to sb.) (about/of sth); complain (to sb.) that e.g. She complained to me about his rudeness. 【派生】complaint n. 埋怨；诉苦 21. adopt v. (1) adopt sb. take sb. into ones family, esp. as ones child or heir 收养某人 e.g. Having no children of their own they d

25、ecided to adopt an orphan. (2) take over and have or use sth as ones own 采取，采纳，采用 e.g. Circumstances will force us finally adopt this policy. 【派生】adoption n. 收养，采纳，采用,Key expressions in detail,1. bring along 带来 e.g. He brought along two books to illustrate his points. 【知识扩展】 (1) bring about 导致，使(某事)

26、发生 e.g. Scientists say that many factors bring about changes in the weather. (2) bring down 使降低，使减少 e.g. Demand has been brought down by increases in imports. (3)bring up 提出；抚养长大，教养 e.g. These are matters that you can bring up in committee. Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up

27、 by her aunt.,Key expressions in detail,2. be keen on喜爱，热爱，醉心于 e.g. Im very keen on outdoor sports. He is keen on going abroad for further studies. 3. search for 找寻；搜查 e.g. I searched for the book everywhere. 【知识扩展】 (1) in search of 寻找 e.g. Scientists are in search of a cure for the disease. (2) sea

28、rch through 把仔细搜查一遍 e.g. He searched through his pockets and still couldnt find his keys.,Key expressions in detail,4. close down 关闭，倒闭 e.g. Many businesses have closed down because of the recession. 5. go out of style 不再时兴；过时 be out of style= go out of style e.g. Dresses may be in style one year an

29、d go out of style the next. 6. judge sth./sb. by根据对某人或某物下判断 e.g. You cant judge a person by his appearance. 【知识扩展】 judging from 从来判断 e.g. Judging from previous experience, he will be late. 7. go against sth. 反对或违反某事；与某事冲突 e.g. His thinking goes against all logic.,Key expressions in detail,8. be link

30、ed to与联系在一起 e.g. It is reported that she was linked to the crime. 9. peer pressure 青少年同龄人之间的压力 e.g. Peer pressure is strong among young people.,Key sentences in detail,1. To illustrate my talk, I have brought along five objects. 动词不定式 “to illustrate my talk”在句中作目的状语= in order to illustrate my talk.

31、e.g. To arrive at the destination on time, they set off early in the morning. 2. I think the more you spend the better the quality. the morethe more越越 (1) 若是副词的比较级，或是充当表语的形容词，只要把形容词或副词的比较级提前即可；但若是充当定语的形容词，那么应该把形容词的比较级和被修饰的名词一起提前。 e.g. The more careful you are in the exam, the less likely you are to

32、make mistakes. The more careful you are in the exam, the fewer mistakes you will make.,Key sentences in detail,(2)可以省略主语和谓语 e.g. The sooner, the better. 3. However, Im not as keen on fashion as my brother Gray. asas 跟一样，为同级比较，中间用形容词或副词原级。在not asas结构中，前一个as可换成so. e.g. Getting rid of a bad habit is as

33、 much a struggle as forming a good one. 【知识扩展】as +adj. + a/an + 单数可数名词 + as as + adj. + 名词复数/不可数名词+as e.g. He is as clever a student as Wang Hua. There are as many books in this library as in that one.,Key sentences in detail,4. Was it worth a trip to London to buy these? be worth+ n. 值多少钱；值得 be wor

34、th doing 值得做 e.g. The book is worth 10 yuan. This book is worth reading. 【知识扩展】worth, worthwhile, worthy (1) worth 只作表语，后接名词，接动名词时表示被动意义 e.g. The book is well worth reading. (2)worthwhile和worthy两者均可作定语，worthwhile 表示“值得花时间和精力的”，可用于“it is worthwhile to do/doing sth”结构中 e.g. It is worthwhile taking the

35、 trouble to explain a job to new employees. (3) worthy作定语表示“应得的”，作表语表示“值得的”，常用于“be worthy of being done/ be worthy to be done” e.g. The museum is worthy of a visit/ to be visited. Anyone who works here is able to receive a worthy reward.,Grammar,1. 限制性和非限制性定语从句（restrictive vs. non-restrictive clause

36、s） 定语从句可分为两种限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 （1）限制性定语从句限定我们在谈论的人或事。 e.g. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. I still remember the day that we spent together in the countryside. （2）非限制性定语从句给予我们已确认的人或事的补充信息。 e.g. Mother Teresa carried all her possessions in one little bag like this, which I bought in a