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1、The Object Clause,宾语从句,宾语从句语序:陈述句语序 主句 +连 接 词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分.,宾语从句用法 宾语从句需注意,几点事项应牢记。 一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异。 陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if, whether)替; 特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。 二是时态常变化,主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时,从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时,从句时态向前移。 三是语序要记清,从句永保陈述序。,巧学妙记,We know him,We know he likes English.,主s,主s,谓v,谓v,宾o,宾o,宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语,简单
2、句,复合句,一 什么 是宾语从句?,试比较,宾语从句的概念,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。 We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right. Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?,二、宾语从句三要素:,连 接 词,语 序,时 态,1.连词that引导:作从句的原句是陈述句。 I hear(that) English is not easy. 2.if/ whether “是否”,用它引导从句, 说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常
3、用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。原句为一般疑问句,选择疑问句或反意疑问句。 Could you tell me if (whether) Miss Brown lives in that house? 3.当从句原本是特殊疑问句时,用以下连接代词和连接副词引导: what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, how, why, how far, how long, how many, how much, how often 作用:连接主句和从句,并在从句中担任句子成分,具有一定的意义。 eg:I did
4、nt hear _ what_he wanted me to do. I want to know _ who _is that young man. Tom asked us_ when _we would start the party.,一不同连接词引导的宾语从句,宾语从句连接词:,1.陈述句 2.一般疑问句 3.特殊疑问句,that,if /whether,原有的特殊疑问词做 连接代词 和连接副词,1. I hear (that) _. 2. He said (that) _. 3. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in
5、an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,1由that引导的宾语从句,注:that 在句中无词汇意义,在从句中不充当成分,在口语当中往往省略。,around the sun,二语序:陈述句语序,Well have exams next Friday.,Using say,I can help him.,The teacher says (that ) well have exams next Friday.,The girl says (that) she can help him.,连词that不能省略的几种情况 在由that引导的宾语从句
6、中,由于连词that只起引导功能,无具体意义,不担当任何成份,因此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而,大凡规则总有例外的情况,在下列that引导的宾语从句中,that则不能省略。,1. 从句的主语是that。如: He says that that is a real kings hat.他说那是一个真的王冠。,2. that从句中含有主从复合句。如: Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 3. 主、从句之间有插入语时。如: It says here, on this card, that it was used in p
7、lays. 卡片上写着,它是古代演戏用的。,4. 若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个连词that可以省略。如: She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来,还要带她的儿子来。,Is Jim in ?,Has she taken any medicine ?,Using wonder,Li Lei wonders if Jim is in.,The doctor wonders if she has taken some medicine.,2.
8、由if/ whether引导的一般疑问句变宾语从句,一般疑问句变宾语从句的步骤:1、把句子变为肯定句,Is Jim at home? Jim is at home. 2. Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong? June is a good time to visit Hong Kong. 3. Does he like sports? He likes sports. 4. Will they play basketball after school? They will play basketball after school.,变化方法: 主句 +
9、 if / whether + 一般疑问句。 if/whether 引导宾语从句 ,表示“是否”之义, 在句中不充当句子成份, if/whether可互换。 但if常用于口语中,whether比较正式,2.在句子前加上从属连词 whether, if,该一般疑问句要变为陈述句形式。,只能用whether不能用if的情况,1.在介词后面: Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前: They asked me whe
10、ther to sit at the front. 3.当与or not连用,或提出两种选择 时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4.宾语从句提前时: Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,5.在动词discuss后的宾语从句中: We discussed whether we would
11、have a sports meeting next week. 6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whether: Whether he is right or wrong is a question. The question was whether he went there last night.,用if不用whether的情况:,1.引导否定概念的宾语从句时: He asked me if I hadnt finish my homework. 2.引导条件状语从句,if意为“如果”时: Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,把下列
12、各句变为宾语从句,Is Jim at home? (I wonder) I wonder whether / if Jim is at home. 2. Is June a good time to visit Hong Kong? ( He wonders) He wonders whether/ if June is a good time to visit Hong Kong.,把下列各句变为宾语从句,3. Does he like sports? ( Do you know) Do you know whether he likes sports? 4. Will they play
13、basketball after school? ( He asks) He asks whether they will play basketball after school.,. if和whether引导宾语从句时,要注意宾语从句三要素,即连词、语序和时态。由于if和whether连接的是一般疑问句,因此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如: Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if/whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208?,1. I dont know if
14、Mr. Wang _on a field trip. If he _ on a field trip tomorrow, please call me. A. goes; will go B. will go; goes C. will go; will go D. goes; goes 2. She asked me if I knew _. A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it was C. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it,B,B,3. They wondered if the teacher _ us English
15、 the next term. A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught,A,Choose the right answers.,5. I havent decide _ Ill go out or stay at home. A. if B. when C. why D. whether 6. I want to know _ he loves you. A. that B. what C. if D. who,D,C,4. The boy asked _ any noise from outside. A. whether h
16、ad I heard B. whether I had heard C. whether have I heard D. whether I have heard,B,A,C,7. I wondered _ our teacher was going to attend our party. A. whether B. why C. where D. that 8. Id like to know _ or not. A. whether will he come B. whether has he come C. whether he will come D. if he will come
17、,改为含宾语从句的复合句,1. Will the train arrive on time? I want to know. I want to know _ the train _ on time. 2. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.,will arrive,if / whether,came,if / whether,Complete the sentences.,1. 我们不知道我们能否在火星上种植植物。 We are
18、wondering _ _ on Mars. 2. 你能告诉我是不是有许多人打算搬到火星上去吗? Could you tell me _ _ to Mars?,whether / if we can,if / whether many people,are going to move,grow plants,3. 我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。 I dont know _ any washing at home. 4. 我担心是否伤害了她的感情。 I am worried about _ _.,whether or not he does,whether I hurt her,feelings,1
19、. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine. 2. The shop keeper asked my father _ or not he wanted to choose a big Christmas tree.,if / whether,whether,3. I dont know _ to go or stay. 4. _ that is true, what should we do?,whether,If,5. _ they will ever become future Olymp
20、ic champions only time will tell.,Whether,Complete the sentences with if / whether.,Object clauses with wh-questions (一)连接词。特殊疑问句作宾语从句时不需要再加连接词,疑问词就是连接词,并且不能省略。 I ask what you are doing now. 我问你现在正在干什么? (二)词序。用“特殊疑问词+陈述句”的词序,与一般疑问句变宾语从句时基本相同。 He didnt tell me when we would meet again. 他没告诉我什么时候我们再见面
21、。,3特殊疑问句变宾语从句,Could you please tell me where the restrooms are ?,where are the restrooms ?,特殊疑问词做连接词,疑问语序还原陈述语序,Excuse me, do you know where I can buy some medicine? Cloud you tell me how to get to the post office? Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening? I wonder where we should g
22、o next. I wonder when the park closes today. Could you tell me where the restrooms are first? Do you know where we can get some good food quickly? Lets ask what time the band starts.,Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.,连接词 宾语从句是由陈述句转化成的,连接词用that; 宾语从句是由一般疑问句转化成的,连接词用i
23、f或whether; 宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化成的,连接词直接用特殊疑问词(如who, what, why, where, whose)做引导词,后面变为陈述语序。,总结感悟,1. 若主句是一般现在时,从句用任何所需时态。如: He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。 2. 若主句是一般过去时,从句则用跟过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过去完成时。如: Did the train leave? She di
24、dnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. 3当主句谓语是一般过去时, 宾语从句的内容表示客观真理时, 宾语从句中的谓语动词不受主句谓语动词的影响, 应保留一般现在时态形式. e.g. The teacher said that the moon moves around the sun.,三宾语从句的时态:,特殊情况:,1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时,任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy tha
25、t three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2.从句中有具体时间状语,即使从句动作发生在主句动作前,仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.,、宾语从句注意事项,当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时,语序不变: Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over t
26、here?,四、宾语从句的否定转移: 如果主句的谓语动词是 think, believe, guess , suppose 等,而且主句的主语又是第一人称时,它后面接的宾语从句的否定词通常要前移到主句中,即否定主句中的动词,而从句用肯定形式 即:主语为第一人称,否定在主句,翻译在从句。,把下列宾语从句变为否定句。 I think that they are fun to watch. I dont think that they are fun to watch. 2. I believe April is the hottest month of the year. I dont belie
27、ve April is the hottest month of the year.,Translate the following sentences. 1. 我认为不会下雨 I _ that it _. 2. 我认为你的答案不对. I _your answer right. . 我们相信他还没走. We _ that he _.,dont think,will rain,dont think,is,dont believe,has gone,Practice : 根据汉语句子的意思完成下列英语句子,1. 我认为玛丽不回来了。 I dont think Mary _ _. 2. 山姆给我说他
28、准备去上海。 Sam told me that he _ _ for Shanghai. 3.我想知道今天晚上还有没有去北京的火车。 I want to know _ there is a train to Beijing.,will,come,was,leaving,if / whether,四、宾语从句转化为简单句,1.当主从句的主语一致时: 1) I dont know what I shall do next. I dont know what to do next. 2)John didnt decide which shirt he would buy. John didnt de
29、cide which shirt to buy.,2.当主句的谓语含有双宾语时,如果间宾与从句(直宾)中的主语一致时: 1)Can you tell me how I can get to the police station? Can you tell me how to get to the police station? 2)Please show me how I should start the recorder. Please show me how to start the recorder.,3.当主句的谓语动词是order, require等时,如果主句和从句的主语 不一致,
30、宾语从句可转化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构: The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.,1、Do you know how much hot water ? AMum is needed Bdoes Mum need CMum needs Ddid Mum need 2、Can you tell me ? Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is where Dwhat is he 3、I didnt know how
31、 to London? Awould they go Bare they going Cthey would go Dthey are going 4、I want to know how long Ahas he been back Bhas he come back Che has been back Dhe has come back 5、Do you know ? Awhat the news are Bwhat is the news Cwhat the news is Dwhat are the news,C,A,C,C,C,( )1. I wonder _. Im afraid
32、well be late. (2011山东青岛) A. how we can be on time B. what we are going to do C. why we get to school late D. if we will arrive at the meeting on time,中考链接,D,( )2. Well plant trees tomorrow, and I dont know_ Tom will come and join us. (2011天津) A. if B. which C. what D. where,A,( )3. Do you know _ tom
33、orrow? Sorry, I dont know. You may surf the Internet. (2011湖南湘潭) A. whether will it rain B. if it will rain C. whether does it rain,B,( )4.Mum, can we go to the art museum tomorrow? Sure. But first we should find out _. (2011广西南宁市) A. what can we do B. where we can go C. how can we go there D. if it
34、 will be open,D,( )5. We dont know _ the meeting will be held soon. (2011内蒙古包头) A. when B. what C. whether D. since,C,( )5. Mary, could you tell me if your mother _ our school sports meeting tomorrow? I think she will come to school if she _ free.(2011山东滨州) A. will take part in; will be B. takes par
35、t in; is C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be,C,( )6. Do you know _ Guangzhou tomorrow? (2011肇庆) A. whether they leave for B. whether will they leave for C. whether they are leaving for,C,( )7. Ive decided to go to London next weekend. I was wondering _ you could go with me. (2011江西省)
36、A. if B. when C. that D. where,A,( )8.Do you think _ Xiao Ming can pass the high school entrance exam or not? Sorry, Ive no idea. (2011广西百色) A. that B. which C. if D. whether,D,( )9. He said that light _much faster than sound. (2011山东枣庄) A. has travelled B. went C. travels D. travelled,C,( ) 10. Ove
37、r these years I have had a new understanding of _ people traditionally call a perfect person. (2012江苏淮安) A. how B. what C. who D. whom,A,( ) 11. Can you tell me in the future? (2012江苏宿迁) A. how life will be like B. how will life be like C. what life will be like D. what will life be like,C,( ) 12.Do you know _? At t
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