语法精讲突破

1、语法精讲突破系列(一) 定 语 从 句,1. (2013山东高考)Finally he reached a lonely island_ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意: 最后他到达了一个完全与外界隔绝的孤岛。island后面是一个定语从句, 修饰island, 并且从句中缺少主语, 同时指物, 所以选C。而A项when及B项where在定语从句中分别作时间及地点状语; D项whom只能指人, 在定语从句中作宾语。,2. (2013重庆高

2、考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most ofare family members. A. themB. thatC. whichD. whom 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 约翰邀请了大约40人来参加他的婚礼, 其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为40 people, 在定语从句中作of的宾语并指人, 用关系代词whom, 故选D; A项为代词, 放入之后前后为两个完整的句子, 两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开, 需在两句中间加入连词才对; B项that一般不放在介词后面; C项which指代物。,3. (2013福建高考)The

3、book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselives were affected. A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意: 这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句, 先行词是those, 空格处在从句中作lives的定语, 故用关系词whose。,4. (2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing th

4、eir own strengths. A. whomB. whoC. whatD. which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句, 且在从句中作主语, 符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人, 但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。,5. (2013新课标全国卷)When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the houseI would be staying. A. whatB. whenC. whereD. which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意: 我一到达, 布

5、赖恩就带我去看我要住的房子。根据句意和句子结构可知, I would be staying是定语从句, 修饰house。定语从句中缺少地点状语, 所以此处填关系副词where或in which。,6. (2013江西高考)He wrote a letterhe explained what had happened in the accident. A. whatB. whichC. whereD. how 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。句意: 他写了一封信, 在信中, 他解释了事故中发生的事情。在此句中, letter是先行词, where=in which引导后面的定语从句, 在从句中作状语

6、, 故选C。,7. (2013浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platformvisitors can watch the big glasshouses being built. A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 博物馆将于春天开放, 届时将有一个展览, 还将有一个看台, 在看台上游客可以看到正在建设中的大玻璃房子。该空引导定语从句, 先行词为platform, 该空在从句中作地点状语, 只能用where。故选B。,8.

7、 (2013四川高考)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environmentthey live. A. whatB. whichC. whenD. where 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 目前人们更加关心他们所居住的环境。A项可引导名词性从句; B项可引导定语从句, 在从句中可作主语、宾语; C项可引导定语从句, 在句中作时间状语; D项可引导定语从句, 在句中作地点状语。从句中的live为不及物动词, 先行词the environment在定语从句中作地点状语, 故选D项。,9. (2013北京高考)Many countrie

8、s are now setting up national parksanimals and plants can be protected. A. whenB. whichC. whoseD. where 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 现在很多国家都在建国家公园, 在那里动植物能得到保护。先行词为national parks, 在从句中作地点状语故选用关系副词where。,10. (2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition, he is likely to get into the national team. A. in which caseB. in

9、that case C. in what case D. in whose case 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意: 他可能会赢得比赛, 那样的话他就很可能进入国家队了。逗号一般不可连接两个句子, 故排除B。因为是定语从句, 故排除C。此处要用which代指上文说的情况, 而whose是作定语的, 此处不合句意。,11. (2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. itB.

10、 thatC. whatD. which 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖, 这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句, 先行词是前面整句话的内容, 关系代词which在从句中作主语, that不能引导非限制性定语从句。,12. (2013江苏高考)The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A. whereB. whichC. whatD. when

11、【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 世界银行的总裁说他热爱中国, 这种热爱早在他的童年时代就开始了。此句中passion(热爱, 激情)为先行词, 在定语从句中starting之后缺少宾语, 因此排除A、D两项, when和where为关系副词, 不能充当主语或宾语。C项的what不能引导定语从句, 故选B。,13. (2013天津高考)We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in todays newspaper. A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 我们已经

12、发射了另外一颗人造卫星, 这在今天的报纸上报道了。that和what不引导非限制性定语从句; who的先行词是人; which引导非限制性定语从句, 指代前面整个句子, 在从句中充当主语。,14. (2013陕西高考)is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived. A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 孩子们通常就是这样, 医生来的时候埃米就好些了。as is often the case固定搭配, 意思是“通常就是这样”。,【加固训练

13、】 1. (2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. whichB. whoC. whereD. whom 【解析】选B。考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。句意: 埃伦是一位画鸟和自然的画家, 由于某种原因, 已经过起了遁世生活。who引导非限制性定语从句, who在从句中作主语, 修饰先行词Ellen(人名)。故选B。,2. (2012江苏高考)After the flooding, people were s

14、uffering in that area, urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what 【解析】选B。考查who引导的非限制性定语从句。句意: 洪灾过后, 那个地区的人们正在受苦, 他们急需洁净的水、药品和庇护场所以便生存。先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语, 所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。,3. (2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never

15、have got this far. A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which 【解析】选B。考查whose引导的定语从句。句意: 我想感谢史密斯教授, 没有他的帮助, 我就不会走这样远。whose表示所有关系, 代指上面的史密斯教授, 靠了他的帮助, 故选B。,4. (2012重庆高考)Sales director is a position_ communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where 【解析】选D。考查关系副词where引导的定语从句

16、。句意: 销售总监是一个交际能力和销售能力同等重要的职位。“position”为先行词, 后面是其定语从句, 关系词在从句中作的是地点状语, 因此, 应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此, 正确答案为D选项。,5. (2011安徽高考)Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for two or three weeks. A. whenB. whichC. whereD. while 【解析】选C。考查关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意: 剩下的任何东西都可以放入冰箱, 在那里可

17、以保存两三周。由句型结构可以看出, 该题中的先行词refrigerator在从句中作介词的宾语, 该介宾结构在定语从句中作地点状语, 故选择关系副词where。故选C。,6. (2011江苏高考)Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream. A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which 【解析】选A。考查关系副词when引导的非限制性定语从句。句意: 音乐会的两部分中间有幕间休息时间, 在这段时间里观众可以去买冰激凌。when引导的定语从句修饰an int

18、erval, when在从句中作时间状语。先行词为an interval, 非限制性定语从句的功能就是对先行词进行补充说明。所以正确答案为A。,7. (2012浙江高考)We live in an agemore information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. whyB. whenC. to whomD. on which 【解析】选B。考查关系副词when引导的定语从句。句意: 我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。when引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语, 修饰先行词an age(时代), 此处的when=i

19、n which。故选B。,8. (2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, half wear glasses. A. in whomB. in them C. of whomD. of them 【解析】选C。考查介词提前的非限制性定语从句。句意: 我们班有46名学生, 其中一半学生戴眼镜。前后两句话之间无连词, 故不能用人称代词them, 而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句; 在46个学生当中, 表所属, 应用of。故答案选C。,9. (2012全国卷)That evening, I will tell you more about late

20、r, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when 【解析】选B。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意: 那天晚上我工作到了很晚, 详情以后再跟你谈。这里That evening是先行词, 在定语从句中作介词about的宾语, 所以用which。,10. (2011山东高考)The old town has narrow streets and small housesare built close to each other. A. theyB. whereC. whatD. that 【解析】选D。考查that

21、引导的定语从句。句意: 这座古老的城镇有狭窄的街道和比邻而建的小房子。关系代词that代替先行词small houses, 在从句中作主语。故选D。,11. (2012江西高考)By 16: 30, was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A. whichB. whenC. whatD. that 【解析】选A。考查which引导的定语从句。句意: 到下午四点半, 也就是打烊时间, 几乎所有的画都已经卖出去了。从后面的closing time打烊时间, 可以得知此句是在谈时间, 但是此句中缺少主语, 前面

22、又有一个逗号, 所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句, 用which。故选A。,12. (2012北京高考)When deeply absorbed in work, he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when 【解析】选B。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意: 每当他沉迷于工作中, 就会废寝忘食, 而他常常如此。which在从句中作表语, 代指上面的情况, 故选B。,13. (2012陕西高考)It is the third time that

23、she has won the race, has surprised us all. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. what 【解析】选C。考查which引导的非限制性定语从句。句意: 这是她第三次赢得比赛了, 这让我们大家都很惊讶。所填词前有逗号, 是非限制性定语从句, 先行词是整个主句, 关系词在从句中作主语, 选C。,考点1 关系代词who, whom, whose引导定语从句 1. who和whom的用法。 (1)先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。 *The persons I want to talk about with yo

24、u are Faye Wong and Li Yapeng, the ones who signed a divorce agreement on Friday in Urumqi. 我想和你谈论的人是王菲和李亚鹏, 他们于周五在乌鲁木齐签署离婚协议。,(2)在There be结构中, 修饰主语的定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。 Theres a gentleman who wants to see you. 有位绅士想见你。 (3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人的定语从句, 其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that, 另一个宜用who以避免重复。 *The student that was prai

25、sed at yesterdays meeting is the monitor who is very modest and works very hard. 昨天在会上受表扬的学生是班长, 他非常谦虚、好学。,(4)当关系代词前面有介词时, 只能用whom, 关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时, 介词可放在后面, 也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)结构。 *(2010浙江高考)The settlement is home to nearly 1, 000 people, many of whom left their village homes for a bett

26、er life in the city. 这里居住着将近1 000人, 他们中的许多人都离开家乡去城市追求更好的生活。,2. whose的用法。 whose指人或物, 作定语, 表示“的”, 可转换为“of 关系代词”。关系代词whose一般指人, 表示“该人的”, 也可指物, 表示“该物的”, 在以物为先行词时, 可用of which代替在从句中作定语。,*(2011新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination. 这个奖项会给作品最富有想象力的那位作家。 *(2011四川高考)The

27、 school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. 学校商店假期关门了, 这个商店的顾客多是学生。,【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。例如: Tom is one of the engineers who are sent abroad. 汤姆是派往国外的工程师之一。 Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come up with the solution. 汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的那位工

28、程师。,考点2 关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句 1. when的用法。 先行词为“时间名词”, 可用when引导定语从句, when在定语从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 *(2011天津高考)The days are gone when physical strength was all you needed to make a living. 体力是你生存所需的日子一去不复返了。,2. where的用法。 (1)先行词是“地点名词”, 定语从句可用where引导, where在从句中作状语, 也可用“介词+which”结构代替。 *(2011浙江高

29、考)A bank is the place where(=in which) they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. 银行是一个晴好天气借给你雨伞而雨天又要回雨伞的地方。,(2)如果定语从句修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词, 常用where 引导, 意思是“到了某种地步, 在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。 *You reach a point where medicine cant help

30、. 你到了药物无法治疗的地步。,3. why的用法。 先行词是表示原因的名词reason 时, 可以用why 引导定语从句, why在定语从句中作原因状语, 可用for which替代。 *The reason why/for which he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill. 他没出席会议的原因是他生病了。,【点津】当way表示方法、方式作先行词时, 后面的定语从句可以用that或in which引导, 也可以省略关系词。如果定语从句中缺少宾语时, 要用that或which引导, 也可以省略关系词。 I dont like the w

31、ay that/in which/不填 he speaks to his mother. 我不喜欢他和他妈妈说话的方式。 The way that/which/不填 he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的方法很简单。,考点3 介词+关系代词的6个考查点 1. 考查定语从句中动词与介词的搭配。 *(2010上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy to which we may return in the near future. 风力是一种古老的能源, 也许在不久的将来我们(人类)会再次使用它

32、。 2. 考查形容词与介词的搭配习惯。 *He referred to me some reference books with which I am not very familiar. 他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。,3. 考查根据句意确定介词。 *I am looking for my glasses, without which I cant watch TV clearly. 我正在找我的眼镜, 没有它我就看不清电视了。 4. 考查表示所属关系的of which/whom。 *(2011江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum

33、, the construction of which had taken more than three years. 她带领参观者参观了那个花了三年多时间才建成的博物馆。,5. 考查表示整体与部分关系的of which/whom。 *The buses, most of which were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 公共汽车被愤怒的人群包围着, 其中的大部分已满员了。 6. 考查表示同位关系的of which/whom。 *She brought with her three friends, none of who

34、m I had ever met before. 她带来了她的三位朋友, 我以前全没见过。,【点津】选择介词3原则: 根据句子意思表达的需要; 根据从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯; 根据先行词和介词的搭配习惯。,考点4 5组易混关系代词的用法辨析 ,考点5 定语从句与其他从句的辨析,. 单项填空 1. (2014杭州模拟)Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, was very reasonable. A. which priceB. whose price C. the price of thatD. its price 【解析】选B。考查定

35、语从句。whose price= the price of which, whose作定语, 代指an ancient Chinese vases。,2. We showed great pity to the poor old man, forlife was hard in the past. A. whomB. whoseC. whoD. that 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。介词+关系代词, for whom = for the poor old man。,3. (2014安庆模拟)Its said that hes looking for a new job, one he can

36、get more money to support his family. A. whenB. whereC. thatD. which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句中的one作a new job的同位语, 其后接由where引导的定语从句, where在从句中作状语。,【加固训练】 Is this schoolwe are going to visit tomorrow? A. whichB. thatC. whereD. the one 【解析】选D。把主句变成陈述句后可以看出主句中并没有先行词; 加上the one作为先行词; 关系代词在从句中作宾语, 可以省略。,4. Mary wa

37、nts to have a study of her own, she can study without being troubled. A. whereB. during which C. whenD. on which 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。定语从句中的谓语动词study为不及物动词, 故空格处需填关系副词, 先行词为study“书房”, 应用where。,5. (2014南京模拟)Being a doctor is one of the few professions if you make a mistake, it can mean killing somebodys lif

38、e. A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 当一名医生是少有的几种职业中的一种: 如果你(在其中)犯了错误, 那就意味着别人丧生。定语从句中不缺主语和宾语, 先行词是professions, 故用where(=in which)。,6. Nelson Mandela died on Dec. 5, 2013, people all over the world were in great sorrow. A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 纳尔逊曼德拉于2013年12月5日

39、逝世, 当时全世界的人们都处于万分悲恸之中。when引导定语从句, when代指前面表示时间的先行词Dec. 5, 2013。,7. (2014郑州模拟)Every time Ashrita tries to break a record, he reaches a pointhe feels that he cannot physically do any more. A. whenB. whereC. for whichD. why 【解析】选B。考查定语从句。point, case, situation等作先行词时, 要用where引导定语从句。,8. He reached London

40、 in 1994, , some time later, he became a famous actor. A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who 【解析】选B。先行词是London, 并不是时间, 因此用where引导定语从句。,9. (2014石家庄模拟)About 2. 3 million Chinese students went abroad to study between 1978 and 2013, only 600, 000 have come back. A. whoB. among whom C. among whichD. in whom 【解析】

41、选B。考查定语从句。句意: 在1978年到2013年期间, 大约有230万中国学生出国学习, 其中回国的大约只有60万人。后半句是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词students, 且由句意可知应选用介词among, 故B项正确。,10. Constant practice has erased my accent to a point people think Im a native speaker. A. thatB. whichC. in whichD. at which 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意: 持续的练习除掉了我的口音, 人们在一定程度上认为我是当地人。point, case

42、, situation等作先行词时, 要用where引导定语从句, 此处构成at a point, 故用D项。,11. The children, had played the whole day long, were worn out. A. all of whatB. all of them C. all of whom D. all of which 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。分析句子结构知, 此处是定语从句, 可排除A、B两项, 从句缺主语, 代指children, 故选C项。,【加固训练】 (2014雅安模拟)China has hundreds of islands, is Ta

43、iwan Island. A. among them the largestB. and the largest of which C. and the largest of themD. but in which the largest 【解析】选C。and连接并列分句, 也可改为定语从句China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. 。,12. Maria has written two novels, both ofhave been made into television series. A.

44、 themB. thatC. whichD. what 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。先行词是novels, 要用代词+of+which作主语。,【加固训练】 (2014扬州模拟)The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most ofcarrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there. A. whomB. themC. whoD. which 【解析】选B。空格后是动词-ing形式, 故此处要用独立

45、主格结构, 相当于most of which carried. . . 。,13. (2014安庆模拟)All the people agree that it is so difficult a taskno one can carry out within three weeks. A. thatB. whichC. asD. when 【解析】选C。考查定语从句。当先行词前有as, so, such修饰时, 要用关系代词as引导定语从句, 本句中as代指task作carry out的宾语。,14. According to Chinas Food Safety Law, in Febru

46、ary 2009, the State Council established the Food Safety Committee to oversee a chain of departments. A. as is passedB. as it was passed C. which is passed D. which was passed 【解析】选D。考查定语从句。which代指Chinas Food Safety Law, 引导定语从句。A、C两项时态不对; B项it多余。,15. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her

47、studentsallows them to communicate freely with each other. A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who 【解析】选A。考查定语从句。定语从句缺少主语, 故可排除B项; what不引导定语从句; 定语从句的先行词是atmosphere, 故用A项。,. 根据括号内的提示, 改写下列句子 1. She gave a wonderful speech and it impressed everybody present. _ _. (改为限制性定语从句) _ _. (改为非限制性定语从句),She gave so wonderful a speech as impressed everybody,present,She gave a wonderful spe