自考英语二串讲(珍藏版)

1、英语二串讲,目录,第一讲 课程说明 第二讲 重点知识讲解回顾 第三讲 题型精析，答题策略,第一讲 课程说明 英语（二）是高等教育自学考试全国统考课程之一，即将进行的英语二的考试，根据考试大纲的说明，将继续沿用以往的题型，考查学生词汇、语法的掌握情况和阅读、翻译等语言运用能力。命题题型、分值、难度和效度都将与以往试题保持整体上的一致，基本上不做变化。考试采用闭卷笔答形式，限时150分钟。试卷由试题册、答题卡和答题纸组成，所有答案均须按要求填写在答题卡和答题纸上。试题由客观题和主观题构成，各占50%，试题题量以中等水平的考生能在规定的时间内答完全部试题并有适量时间检查答案为度。评分采用百分制，60

2、分为及格。试卷结构如下表：,串讲目的： 通过对课程重点内容的整理概括、知识点的梳理总结，着重讲解考点，分析难点。同时分析考试命题趋势，指导学生答题方法，提示学生考前复习计划，目的是帮助应试者通过本课程考试，达到考试要求。本次串讲重点讲述： 重点词汇、短语：大纲要求考生能够认知3943个单词，熟练掌握2000个常用词即重点词汇,考试高频词； 重点、难点句子详解：教材课文中一些句子含有较多、较集中的知识点或者句子结构很复杂包含了多重语法现象，需要给同学们单独列出讲解；一些句子不易理解，包含了英语中的不常见用法，需要给同学们提示；通过分析这些句子强化考点，同时提高同学们的语言应用能力； 考题举例：讲

3、解知识点的同时，通过分析历年考题，强化了知识点，并使学生了解命题的方向、范围、难度； 题型分析、答题策略：分析试卷的7大考题题型，逐一提出考查的知识点、出题来源、复习重点、答题方法和答题时间； 复习计划和考情交流：分析考试命题趋势，提示学生考前复习计划；,参考教材：大学英语自学教程下册，高远主编，高等教育出版社 参考资料：英语（二）自学考试大纲，全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会制订，高等教育出版社出版,第二讲 重点知识讲解回顾,Unit 1,重点单词和短语 objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilled argue def

4、ine interview prospect course of action in the way(by the way, in no way, in a way) make a guess at contribute to and the like (and so on) seek to do sth. in part point of view vary fromto apply for (to) have no idea bring about take the trouble to do put oneself in ones place to ones advantage at a

5、 disadvantage ask for in hand turn down (up, on, off,),重点、难点句子详解 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去分词；from among为二重介词 例：Well inform you as soon as tickets become _. (06-4) A. valuable B. capable C. accep

6、table D. available 2. some suggest that the management process is decision making. 解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思，后面不用虚拟语气，表示建议意思，后面用虚拟语气。 例：It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held (hold)at some other time.,3. decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them. 解析：as well a

7、s意思是既又 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all. 解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调，意思是确实。 5. but do not let it worry you too much. 解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to 的不定式结构。 6. There is little likelihood that 对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/

8、of 例：The two sisters are _ in many ways, not only in appearance but also in temperament.(06-4) A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively,1、决策是在现有的可选做法中所做的选择。 A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available. 2、管理者经常必须对未来的情况下做出最佳的猜测，尽量不存侥幸。 Often managers must make a

9、 best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance. 3、如果没有选择，就无决策可言。,If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. 4、对于管理者而言，每次决策都受到政策、程序、法律、惯例等待因素的制约。 For managers, every decision has constraints based on policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the

10、 like. 5、例如，管理者有时以非此即彼的方式来处理问题。 For example, managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.,6、决策者们必须有办法决定数个可选项中的哪一个是最好的-哪一个对组织目标的实现起作用最大。 Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is bestthat is, which contributes the most to the achievement of organ

11、izational goals. 7.就更大的系统来说，增加研究经费以便改进产品，对该组织更有益。 In the larger scheme of things, however, increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.,8、有些目标比另一些目标更重要，但其排序和重要性则因人和部门而异。 Some of these objectives are more important than others, but the order and

12、 degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department .,4.Text A 汉译英,1.决策者应该能够对将来作出最好的推测。 Decision makers should be able to make a best guess at what the future will be. 2.有人认为经理们所作的一切均与决策有关。 Some people believe almost everything a manager does involves decision. 3

13、.没有正确的选择就没有正确的决定。 If there is no proper choice, there is no proper decision.,4.不同的人对同样的问题有不同的看法，所以解决的办法也不同。 Different people have different ideas about the same problem; their solutions to the problem are, therefore, also different. 5.决策者往往是公司业务发展的关键。 Decision makers often play the key role in the d

14、evelopment of the business of a company. Decision makers are usually key people who determine the companys business development.,4、历年试题,1. Almost everything a manager does _ (involve) decisions, indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making . (99.4)。 答案是involves . 考点: involve 为

15、谓语动词，应该用一般现在时。 2.If there is no choice, there is no decision _(make). (99.4) 答案是to be made 。考点：to be made 是动词不定式作定语修饰decision. 3. If you are now_your thirties, you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60. (99.4) A. in B. at C. between D. among 答案是A.,4. Almost

16、 everything a manager does_decisions; indeed, some suggest that the management process is decision making. (00.4) A. imposes B. improvise C. involves D. indicates 答案为C . 5. When_(present) with a common case, sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems. 答

17、案为presented . 考点： present 是过去分词作状语。 6. An organization is a group of people, and a decision_(make) today may have consequences far into the future. 答案是made . 考点：make 是过去分词作定语， 修饰decision .,7. 汉译英：通常管理者必须对未来的情况作出最佳的预测。 答案：Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be. 8. 决策的目的是为了实现

18、组织的目标。 答：The purpose of making a decision is to achieve organizational goals. 9. 决策过程对经营管理至关重要。 答： The decision-making process is fundamental to business management. 10. 经理所做的任何事情几乎都与决策有关。 答：Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making.,11. 虽然我们不能预见未来，但应当尽量减少偶然性发生。 答： Although we cannot

19、 predict the future, we must try to leave as little as possible to chance. 12. 不同的管理者对同一问题的解释不同。 答： Different manager define the same problem in different terms.,Unit 2,重点单词和短语 exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operate revolve glitter unlikely (be likely to) whereas concerned (be concerned

20、 about) plateau in theory apply to depend on research into swallow up make use of together with in every respect in other words consist of a great many under the circumstances make a difference above all as a rule 例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and _ kind. (06-4) A. above all B. in

21、all C. at all D. after all (A) 重点、难点句子详解 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable 例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。(05-4-68) 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.,例1：It is on Friday _ we will hold the meeting. A. that B. when C

22、. in that time D. what 1 例2: As a painter, Ted was very _ about the colors he used. (03-10) A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular (D) 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit round the sun. 对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which has life on it. 4. The total

23、water area is about three times as large as the land area. 解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法。 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves. 解析：the+比较级，the+比较级结构，意思是越越，第一个从句中谓语动词不用倒装，第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装，也可以用正装语气。

24、例：_ we are, _ we become. A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser 4,常考句型,常考句型,1、天文学家和科学家认为黑洞是一种空间区，物质可以掉进黑洞但任何物质不能逃脱。 Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can es

25、cape. 2、理论上是这样的：当某些星体的密度增大到某一特定点时便发生爆炸。 The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point. 3、有人认为圣诞星可能是一颗超新星。 Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.,4、假定一个人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快就能到达黑洞中心。 If a man fell into a black hole, he would think

26、that he reached the center of it very quickly. 5、只是在近几年天文学家才开始具体研究黑洞。 It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes. 6、另一方面，科学家们也在设想，由于有非常先进的技术，人们也许能在将来利用黑洞为人类服务。 On the other hand, scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use o

27、f the energy of black holes for mankind.,Text C-E,1.黑洞是什么，天文学家还没有完全解决这个问题。 Astronomers have not yet fully solved the problem of what a black hole is. 2.据说黑洞可以将其周围的一切物体，如星星吞食掉。 It is said that black holes are able to swallow up all the objects around them, such as stars . 3.对黑洞的研究刚刚开始，各种各样的假说层出不穷. Th

28、e research of black holes is just beginning and speculation about them are endless.,4.科学家仍不能说出黑洞内发生了什么. Scientists still can not tell what happens inside a black hole.It is still impossible for scientists to tell what happens inside a black hole. 5.如果我们认识了黑洞，黑洞就不那么可怕了。 If we understood black holes,

29、they would not be so fearful .Black holes will not be so fearful if we get to know them.,1.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space (not a thing)_which matter has fallen and_which nothing can escape-not even light.A into into B into fromC from into D from from 2.This p

30、rocess of shrinking may be so intense_a black hole results.A whether B whatC which D that 3.Binary stars,_their name suggests, are twin stars whose position in space affects each other.A as B thatC what D if,Vocabulary and Structure,4.In some binary systems, astronomers have shown that there is an i

31、nvisible companion star, a partner to_which we can see in the sky.A the one B thatC the ones D those5.On the other hand, scientists have suggested that very advanced technology could one day_the energy of black holes for mankind.A make fun of B make sure ofC make use of D make sense of 6.Astronomers

32、 have evidence of a few other stars too, which might have black holes as_.A companies B comparisonsC compounds D companions,7.The earth is one of nine planets which move in_round the sun.A track B orbitC tour D route 8.In August 1977, a satellite was_to gather data about the black holes in the Milky

33、 way.A posted B deliveredC launched D transmitted 9.The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are_here.A inadequate B invisibleC intense D individual,10.We know nothing about events which happen once objects pass this boundary, But_,matter must behave very differently insid

34、e the hole.A in addition B in personC in detail D in theory,历年试题,1. 星体的密度增大到一定程度时就会发生爆炸。 答： The star will explode when its density increases to some extent. 2. 你能想象黑洞的引力有多大吗？ 答： Can you imagine how strong the gravitational pull of a black hole is ? 3. 假如有人掉进黑洞，他会认为很快能到达黑洞的中心。 答：If a man fell into a

35、black hole, he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.,4. 早在17世纪天文学家便对超新星有过报道。 答： Supernovae were reported by astronomers as early as in the seventeenth century. 5. 他已尽了全力以达到自己的目标。 答： He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.,Unit 3,重点单词和短语 deteriorate debate (on/upon) r

36、equest ensure oppose(be opposed to) burden sensitive privilege appoint bias accessible recruit be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open up care for take into account have at heart be sensitive to for short amount to on (the) average compete with blame sb. for sth. by nature when i

37、t comes to be related to be worth doing,重点、难点句子详解 1. It is very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabled and the dependent to feel that they are burdens. 例：It is important _ there in time.1 A. for you to get B. to you to get C. your getting D. of you getting 2. And it may be worth rememberi

38、ng that 解析：be worth意思是值得，后面接名词、代词以及主动形式的动名词。 3. Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia. 解析：Though是一个起连结性作用的副词，意思相当于however, but. 4. “Well, its not as if Im planning to murder a crowd of people with a machine gun.” 解析：As if 引出的从句，谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气。 例：It seems as

39、 if it were spring now. 使用虚拟语气,常考句型,1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。 Affected with a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating. 2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷

40、兰电视上首次播出。 Van Wendels last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.,3、从那时开始，已有20多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一话题的全国性大辩论。 The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is sho

41、wn, it starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。 What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people havent the right.,TEXT P59,1.安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。 Euthanasia can really help rid the dying patients of extreme suffering .Euthanasia does release the

42、 dying people from their suffering . 2.你知道不知道荷兰是欧洲唯一允许安乐死的国家? Do you know that the Netherlands is the only country in Europe that permits euthanasia ? 3.支持这一观点的医生并不意味着他们不关心病人。 Those doctors who support the idea never mean they dont care about / for patients .,4.在第一个医生诊断疾病之后，必须由另外一名医生确认病情。 After the

43、first doctor has diagnosed the illness , a second doctor must confirm the case . 5.反对者认为病人并不一定真正希望结束生命，可能请求之后另有他求。 Opponents think patients may not really want to end their lives, and probably there is another request behind the request .,1. The film _（show） Cees Van Wendels death was both moving an

44、d sensitive. （99.10） 答案： showing . 考点：showing 是现在分词作定语修饰the film . 2. Each time the programmer of Van Wendals last days before euthanasia was showed on TV, it starts a nationwide debate _ the subject. （99.10）A. for B. against C. on D. of 答案： C . 考点：词组debate on 对 的争论。,3. 汉译英：每次播放这个节目，都引起对此话题的全国性大辩论。（

45、99.10） 答案： Each time it is shown , this program starts a nationwide debate on the subject. 4. 汉译英 ： 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。（00.10） 答案： The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die. （ 或者： It is said that the patient has asked the doctor to help him die .）,Unit 4,重点单词和短语 domestic exploit camp

46、aign execute convict incidence deserve despite deport minimum maintenance guilt immigrant weed deny degrade inhumane civil liberty disaffection argument circus bring over watch over in unison call up pay back up to a great deal of be supposed to convict of feel like protect from risk doing sth. deal

47、 with according to be deserving of threaten to do sth. agree to do sth. distinguish from react to clean up,重点、难点句子详解 1. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible. 解析：making是分词短语，表示结果，impossible做宾补。removed是过去分词作宾补，表示有完成和被动的含义。 2. It is, they say, the

48、 right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery. 解析：they say是插入语，本句是一个强调句式，which可以改成that,句子会更正式。 3. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by. 解析：数字+out of every+数字，意思是每个中就有个；which引导非限定性的定语从句

49、修饰前面整个句子;gone by是分词短语修饰centuries表示已经完成。 4. What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile 解析：what引导的主语从句中带有实义动词do,表语不定式可以带to,也可以省略to.,1、据估计，有20000多海外来的家庭佣人在英国工作。P1 There are estimated to be more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain. There be 表“存在”的句型。 2、在这20000人中，将

50、近2000人正受着她们的雇主的剥削和虐待。P1 Of these 20,000, just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers. 3、在今年早些时候的几个广为报道的事例中，全世界女佣的悲惨处境得到新闻媒体的很大关注。P3 The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized case

51、s.,4、一名菲律宾女佣因被指控犯有谋杀罪而在新加坡遭处决，尽管各地都抗议说她的犯罪事实不能充分确定。P3 A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder, despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established. 她曾在斯里兰卡一家茶厂挣一份十分微薄的工资。P5 She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory i

52、n Sri Lanka. 6、因为她发现很难养活自己的4个孩子，所以接受了一件在伦敦当佣人的工作。P5 Because she found it difficult to feed her four children, she accepted a job working as a domestic in London. 7、因此如果她们提出申诉，她们就有被驱逐出境的危险。 So if they do complain, they risk being deported.,TEXT C-E,（1）处理有关事务的政府部门没有做统计。 The government department that

53、deals with relevant affairs does not keep statistics. （2）正因为她无法养家才同意做家仆。 It was because she found it difficult to feed her family that she accepted a job working as a domestic. （3）她是一名沙特外交官直接从菲律宾雇到伦敦来工作的。 She was hired by a Saudi diplomat directly from the Philippines to work in London .,（4）家仆的工作状况得

54、到了新闻媒介的关注。 The conditions of working as domestics have received media attention . （5）雇主们总是威胁要把我们遣送回国。 The employers always threatened to send us back to our countries.,历年真题,1. When they get out of prison, they _(increase) the level of their criminal behavior. 答案：will increase . 考点：时间状语从句中主句用将来时，从句用一

55、般现在时表示将来。从句谓语动词是get 一般现在时，所以从句用will increase 。 2.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measure to help_domestic workers from abuse by their employers. A. protect B. suspect C. expect D. inspect 答案是：A . 考点是：protect from 保护 免受 3. _their differences, they fell passionately in love wi

56、th each other. A. As for B. Owing to C. Despite D. Through 答案：C . 考点：despite 表示让步的关系。本句的意思是：尽管他们之间有分歧，但他们彼此深爱对方。,1. 许多家庭佣人受到雇主的剥削和虐待。 答：Many domestic servants are exploited and abused by their employers. 2. 自去年以来，女佣们的悲惨境况已受到媒体密切关注。 答：The bad condition of the woman servants has received much media at

57、tention since last year.,3. 他经常威胁我，说要将我遣送回国。 答： He always threatened that he would send me back to my country. 4. 她曾在一家茶叶厂工作，工资很低。 答： She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory. 5. 据估计有两万多名外国家佣在英国工作。 答： It is estimated that there are more than 20,000 overseas domestic servants working in

58、Britain.,Unit 5,重点单词和短语 folk transformation distinct sentiment originate spontaneous synthesis readily amplifier electronics studio penetrating thereby participate multimedia inspire invariably improvise constructive creative preliminary painstaking conception temper mold diversified conventional ha

59、rmony evident take over take on take up take place build out of in existence in a sense at a stretch serve as in advance for the sake of be born in fashion begin with it goes without saying that,重点、难点句子详解 1. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. 解析：第一个as 是副词，第二个as 是连词，well是副词修饰put,注意区别as well as; 例: Those stories, as well as this boring one, have