短文改错专题课件.ppt

1、短文改错,考纲解读,短文改错题是高考中知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的能力， 考查考生的词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错题设置的考点灵活多变， 知识层次多， 覆盖面广， 包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等。,考纲解读,第四模块 命题分析,从近几年的高考短文改错看， 试题具有下面的特点： 1. 选材特点 短文改错题的文体多为第一人称的记叙文；也有少数文章为议论文。短文一般在10行左右， 每行812词， 共计120词左右。短文改错通常取材于考生自己的作品或类似于考生的随笔， 且为常见话题， 篇章结构的难易程度符合中学生的认知水平， 即明白易懂， 基本上无

2、生僻的语言障碍和怪、偏、难的语句结构。,命题分析,第四模块 命题分析,2. 设置特点 试题的设置特点主要是指考点的分布状况。短文改错题所考查的词类覆盖面广， 分布合理。其重点是从句法、词法和行文逻辑等角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语语言的能力， 同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。有“无错”、“多词”、“缺词”和“纠错”四种可能。错词现象主要出现在名词单复数、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词、主谓一致、代词、词形(指应该用动词、名词还是形容词形式， 以及平行结构中词的正确形式)、冠词；缺词现象主要出现在冠词(名词前)、介词,第四模块 命题分析,(不及物动词后或固定结构中)、助动词、不定式符号to、连

3、词、语义不完整现象等方面；多词现象主要出现在冠词、介词、助动词、连词、语义重复及行文逻辑等方面。 3. 难度特点 短文改错试题的难度近年来保持平稳， 以考查学生书面表达中的常见错误为主， 以动词、名词的考查较多， 知识覆盖面广。短文改错的句子长度也趋于平稳， 但几乎每篇都有一个长达20多个词的句子。,命题分析,第四模块 题型探究,短文改错题的目的是测试考生发现、判断、纠正一些词法、句法以及语篇中的行文逻辑等方面错误的能力。它既能考查考生在词汇和语法方面的能力， 也能考查考生的阅读理解能力。其考查的角度可以概括为以下三个方面：,题型探究,第四模块 题型探究,探究点一词法型,词法的测试包括：定冠词

4、和不定冠词的用法；名词的单复数和名词所有格；动词的时态、语态、语气、情态动词和非谓语动词等；人称代词的格、物主代词、指示代词、连接代词、不定代词等的用法；介词的搭配；并列连词、从属连词的用法；形容词、副词的区别以及比较级和最高级的用法；固定搭配和习惯用法。,第四模块 题型探究,【解析】 make后加a考查冠词的用法。make a trip是固定搭配， 故中间应加上a。,1 2011全国卷 If youd like to make trip to our city some day，,第四模块 题型探究,2 2011全国卷 My brother was so much fond of the m

5、useums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of day.,【解析】 (1)去掉muchsothat为固定句型，so后面直接加形容词。(2)stayingstaybeg sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事。(3)daydays考查名词的单复数用法。由couple可知， day应该用复数形式days。,第四模块 题型探究,3 2011四川卷 and was always late with work. His boss wanted to,【解析】 with for考查介词用法。此处be late f

6、or为固定搭配， 因此应该把with改为for。,第四模块 题型探究,4 2011四川卷 He had time for a properly breakfast and was still,【解析】 properly proper考查词性的变化。名词要被形容词修饰， 因此properly应改为proper。,第四模块 题型探究,句法的测试包括：主谓语在数上的一致；名词性从句；定语从句；强调句型；句子结构的连贯性、完整性、对等性及逻辑性。,探究点二句法型,第四模块 题型探究,5 2011重庆卷 There, Katia will introduce me to some of her frie

7、nds, one of who has been to China several times.,【解析】 who whom考查定语从句。作介词的宾语关系代词应用whom而非who。,第四模块 题型探究,6 2010重庆卷 Whats more, a good friend is willing to offer the help to which you need,【解析】 去掉第二个to考查定语从句。which you need是定语从句，先行词help在从句中作need的宾语。,第四模块 题型探究,语篇的测试包括：上下文中的时态是否一致；上下文中的代词是否一致；上下文中的逻辑是否一致；上

8、下文中的词、词组、从句的替代是否正确。,探究点三语篇型,第四模块 题型探究,7 2011重庆卷 With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive soon got used to,【解析】 me mine考查代词的格。“我的一个室友”应表达为：a roommate of mine。,第四模块 题型探究,8 2010陕西卷 My sister wanted get out of the shop as fast as she could when a shop assistant came over to us.,【解析】 wanted后加 to考查小品

9、词的遗漏。want to do sth.为固定用法。,第四模块 应试点睛,短文改错一直是学生在应考时失分较多的题型。这主要是因为设错的内容多为学生在平常进行语言操练时常犯的错误。比如：写作中用到的关键词， 语言学习中的负迁移现象， 容易忽视的虚词、小品词等。做好短文改错题应注重以下技巧：,第四模块 应试点睛,1. 谨记答题原则 (1)“规范性”原则：要严格按照示范规定的符号改错， 切忌离开文后的 10 道横线在原文的字里行间勾勾画画、涂涂改改。要记住“”、“_”、“”、“”分别表示准确无误、错词纠正、缺词填补、多词删除。切忌用文字说明或用箭头表示。,第四模块 应试点睛,(2)“四不改”原则：单

10、词拼写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)。标点符号不改。 (3)“五改动”原则：忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)。一对一原则(一行一错， 一错一词)。错误以改动最少为原则。虚词以添加或者删除为原则。实词以改变形式为原则。,第四模块 应试点睛,2. 熟悉常见错误形式 (1)“不一致性”错误 主要包括：主、谓语不一致；时态不一致；语态不一致；名词的单、复数不一致；代词指代不一致；搭配不一致等。,第四模块 应试点睛,1 2010全国卷 My teachers have been telling me how great my writing was.,【解析】 have h

11、ad考查时态一致。上下文时态要一致， 原文的主时态是过去式， 因此have也要用相应的过去的时态。,第四模块 应试点睛,2 2010全国卷 Before her leaving off (off)， I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.,【解析】 him her考查代词的指代一致。根据语境可知， 后文的him其实是指her。,第四模块 应试点睛,3 2010辽宁卷 Like the rest of my classmate, I didnt really want to get closest (close) to her.,【解析】

12、 classmate classmates考查名词的单、复数一致。,第四模块 应试点睛,4 2010重庆卷 he will say some words that is nice and warm.,【解析】 is are考查主谓一致。that代指先行词words, 所以谓语动词要用复数形式。,第四模块 应试点睛,(2)“行文逻辑”错误 这种错误主要是运用行文逻辑考查连接手段。谨记两种句式：并列句(并列连词), 复合句(从属连词)；六种关系：转折关系， 选择关系， 递进关系， 并列关系， 因果关系， 同位关系；一种变化：语义的曲折变化。如：肯定与否定， 方位与时空的转移等。,第四模块 应试点睛

13、,5 2010浙江卷 After we left, I said, “That was very nice of you, Mother. So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me (I)” said Mother cheerfully.,【解析】 So But考查行文逻辑。根据前后语境， 此处应表示转折关系。,第四模块 应试点睛,6 2009全国卷 Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.,【解析】 【解析】 Besides But

14、考查行文逻辑。根据前后语境， 此处应表示转折关系而非递进关系。,第四模块 应试点睛,7 2009全国卷 So I helped them going (go) to the nearest hospital. I stayed here for one and a half hour (hours),【解析】 here there考查行文逻辑。根据前后语境可知， 这里的方位应是“那儿”。,第四模块 应试点睛,(3)“平行结构”错误 平行结构是指两个或更多的词、词组或从句具有相似或相等的句法功能。在表达相互平行的概念时， 要使用相同的语法结构， 即动词与动词相配， 形容词与形容词相配， 分词与分

15、词相配， 不定式与不定式相配， 短语与短语相配。平行结构经常借助于并列连词and, but, or或连词词组not onlybut also， notbut， eitheror， neithernor， as well as等。,第四模块 应试点睛,8 As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories.,【解析】 visiting visited考查平行谓语结构。根据句法， visiting在时态上应和fed, told保持一致。,第四模块 应试点睛,9 Do some nice thin

16、gs for your parents, like cooking, doing the dishes, or clean the floors.,【解析】 clean cleaning考查平行宾语结构。根据句法， cleaning和cooking, doing一样作介词like的宾语。,第四模块 应试点睛,10 Charles and Linda Mason do all their things as well as climbed building.,【解析】 climbed climb考查平行谓语结构。climbed 和do是由as well as连接的平行谓语， 时态上应保持一致。,

17、第四模块 应试点睛,11 On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and buy plants and young trees.,【解析】 buy前加to考查平行不定式结构。根据句法， buy应和to pay gardeners在形式上保持一致。,第四模块 应试点睛,(4)“词性、词形”错误 主要包括名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。弄清词性与词性之间的相互修饰关系。比如：形容词

18、修饰名词， 副词修饰形容词、动词、分词等。,第四模块 应试点睛,12 2010四川卷 And after many attempts, she past her driving test and told her husband that,【解析】 past passed考查“词形”错误。两个词发音上一样， 此处作谓语应用passed。,第四模块 应试点睛,13 2010四川卷 “in fact, Ive nearly killed three peoples.”,【解析】 【解析】 peoples people考查“词形”错误。people是集合名词， 本身表示复数意义， 不需加“s”。,第

19、四模块 应试点睛,14 2010辽宁卷 She was, in fact, rather attractively，,【解析】 attractively attractive考查“词性”错误。此处作表语， 故应用形容词形式。,第四模块 应试点睛,(5)“动词的变化”错误 主要包括时态的词形变化、被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数等。,第四模块 应试点睛,15 2010浙江卷 “Excuse me，” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman.,【解析】 put putting考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作伴随状

20、语。此时是主谓关系， 故用putting。,第四模块 应试点睛,16 2010浙江卷 I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by an elderly woman and young couple.,【解析】 occupy occupied考查非谓语动词。此处是分词短语作后置定语， occupy 与table是被动关系， 故应用过去分词形式。,第四模块 应试点睛,17 2010重庆卷 After hear your sad stories, he will say some words that is (are) nice and w

21、arm.,【解析】 hear hearing考查非谓语动词。after是介词， 后接名词或动词ing形式。,第四模块 应试点睛,(6)“特殊疑问词”、“连词”和“引导词”错误 特别是which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。,第四模块 应试点睛,18 2010重庆卷 Here is my idea about how a friend is like.,【解析】 how what考查特殊疑问词。由what引导宾语从句， 从句中like缺宾语。,第四模块 应试点睛,19 2009海南、宁夏卷 No lectures this morning so I thi

22、nk Id email you and let you know what things are going.,【解析】 what how考查特殊疑问词。句意是如何让对方知道情况的进展， 故应用为how。,第四模块 应试点睛,(7)“多词”错误 多词错误一般有如下几种类型：受母语思维影响， 出现汉语式结构；不明词义内涵， 造成词义重叠；介词多余；助动词、系动词多余；多冠词；定语从句中的成分重复；程度副词和频率副词多余， 如 much, more, often等的多余；小品词多余等。,第四模块 应试点睛,20 2010浙江卷 The woman smiled happily as she acc

23、epted to it.,【解析】 去掉to考查多余小品词。accept是及物动词， 其后直接接名词或代词作宾语。,第四模块 应试点睛,21 2010辽宁卷 I never knew much about her except for that she was strange.,【解析】 去掉for考查多余介词。except that直接接宾语从句， 无需再用for。,第四模块 应试点睛,22 David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village.,【解析】 去掉 it考查语义重叠。it与定语从

24、句中的关系代词 which重复。,第四模块 应试点睛,(8)“缺词”错误 缺词现象常见有：缺系动词；缺介词；缺冠词、物主代词等限定词；在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词；缺连接词； 缺否定词； 缺不定式符号to等。,第四模块 应试点睛,23 2010全国卷 So if they had said was true, I would have a chance of winning the prize.,【解析】 if后加what考查连接词的缺失。what引导主语从句， 在句中意为“的话”。,第四模块 应试点睛,24 2010四川卷 “Well, its all because of the bu

25、siness of driving on right，” she said,【解析】 right前加the考查冠词的缺失。方位名词前要加定冠词。,第四模块 应试点睛,25 The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.,【解析】 improve前加 to考查小品词的缺失。to improve此处是不定式短语作目的状语。,第四模块 应试点睛,3. 尊重解题步骤 (1)通读全文， 掌握大意。 短文改错不同于单句改错， 它涉及行文逻辑及句子与句子间

26、必要的联系。单独看可能是对的， 但从整体看却与上下文不符。做短文改错题时应该树立整体意识， 应从短文整体入手。短文改错实际上间接地考查学生的文意理解和纠错能力， 所以考生必须在理解了文章的基础上去发现并改正错误。因此， 事先必须应该先快速粗读一遍短文， 留心文中关键的词句， 把握文章的大意及上下文之间的联系， 为下一步判断和改错奠定基础。,第四模块 应试点睛,(2)整句理解， 逐行分析。 因为短文改错题的特征是分行设置错误， 而不是以句子为一个单位设置错误， 所以考生在进行改错时必须在通读全文的基础上， 对照上下文逐行逐字细读， 分行判断， 理清句意， 找出上下文之间的内在联系及其行文逻辑关系

27、， 检查句子的结构是否完整。总之， 在分析句子过程中， 考生应对每句话的句子成分进行分析， 根据上文讲的错误类型确定主谓是否一致、动宾结构搭配是否合理、时态语态是否正确、非谓语动词的形式是否正确、是否多词或少词、句子与句子之间的逻辑关系是否正确以及上下文的意思是否连贯等。,第四模块 应试点睛,(3)复读全文， 检查核对。 重读全文验证答案， 将初步改错的短文再次细读。在复读检查过程中， 特别是上下文的联系， 既要重视文字、句子的字面意思， 又要弄清文字段落的内在含义和内在逻辑关系及篇章结构。看错误类型的比例是否得当、前后逻辑是否一致、有无前后矛盾等现象。,专题一 记叙文型短文改错,专题一记叙文

28、型短文改错,专题一 真题典例,2011重庆卷 以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉，在该行下边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，在该行下边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行下边横线上写出改正后的词。,专题一 真题典例,Today is Sunday. Ive been in Canada for two months. This is the first time that Ive been away my family for such a 1. _ long

29、 time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive 2. _ soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia, like 3. _,from,mine,living,专题一 真题典例,many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became 4. _ friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English 5. _ is a little hardly t

30、o understand, we enjoy chatting and we 6. _ usually talk a lot about our own family. Were both surprised 7. _,is,met,hard,families,专题一 真题典例,that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, 8. _ were planning a small party for the next Sunday. There, Katia 9. _ will introduce me to some

31、 of her friends, one of who has been 10. _ to China several times. I just cant wait.,and,the,whom,专题一 新题预测,此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误， 在该行右边横线上画一个勾()；如有错误(每行只有一个错误), 则按下列情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉， 在该行右边横线上写出该词， 并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。,专题一 新题预测,此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线， 在该行右边横线上

32、写出改正后的词。 注意：原行没有错的不要改。,(一) I really feel worried about you. You are used to do 1._ well in your lessons but take an active part in the activities 2._,are,and,专题一 新题预测,at school. But now you are too crazy about computer games 3._ that you have no interest in your schoolwork and dont listen 4._ teache

33、rs as careful as usual in class. Perhaps playing computer 5._ games can make you feel relaxing, but if you spend too 6._,so,to,carefully,relaxed,专题一 新题预测,much time on them, you will have fewer time to study. And it 7. _ may do harm for your health. I hope you can achieve a 8._ balance between your s

34、choolwork and your hobbies. I hope 9._ you can join in some outdoor activity when you feel bored. 10._,less,to,activities,专题一 新题预测,(二) I have been planning to join in our college basketball team 1._ next year, so now I am spending as more time as I can 2._ with other people who likes to play. They a

35、re teaching 3._ me the most important rules and technique of the game, 4._ and I was getting better all the time. We have a 5._,in,much,like,techniques,am,专题一 新题预测,neighborhood team where plays against other teams in the area. 6._ One of my neighbors is helping rest of us 7._ improved our skills. To

36、night we are playing against 8._ one of the best teams in the city, but I think we can 9._ beat them if we wont make any mistakes. 10._,that或which,the,improve,dont,专题二 应用文型短文改错,专题二应用文型短文改错,专题二 真题典例,2011全国卷 此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾()；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉，

37、在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。,此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。 注意：原行没有错的不要改。 Dear George， Its been a week after we left your family and we are now 1._ back home. Thank you very much for showing them around 2._ your city and providing us for the wonderful meals. After 3.

38、_,专题二 真题典例,since,us,with,专题二 真题典例,we said goodbye to you, we went to Washington DC., 4._ where we stayed for three days.My brother was so much fond 5._ of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying 6._ another couple of day. However, my father had to return to 7._ work on Monday so we fl

39、y back last Saturday afternoon. It 8._,much,stay,days,flew,was really a nice experience. If youd like to make trip to 9. _ our city some day,I will be better than happy to be your guide. 10. _ Yours， Mike,a,more,专题二 真题典例,专题二 新题预测,此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误， 在该行右边横线上画一个勾()；如有错误(每行只有一个错误), 则按下列

40、情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉， 在该行右边横线上写出该词， 并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线， 在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。,专题二 新题预测,注意：原行没有错的不要改。 (一) Dear Anish, Here is the information for Manchester University. 1._ It is about 200 miles far away from London and it has 2._ a very big schoolyard. Yo

41、u can live in the school and 3._,about,far,or,专题二 新题预测,near the school. They have all sorts of course for students 4._ to choose from. Im sure you will find some you like. 5._ I know you are particular interested in science. I will see 6._ that there is anything on their website. I will send my 7._

42、good friend Charlie to meet you at airport. You met him 8._,courses,particularly,if或whether,the,专题二 新题预测,three years ago, but he changed a lot since then. Dont worry. 9._ He has got my picture. I look forward to seeing you again. 10._ (二) Dear Sir/Madam， Im writing to tell you about my recent holida

43、y, that was 1._ a disaster. The young man at the travel agency tells us that 2._,has,your,which,told,专题二 新题预测,the price including four nights in a five-star hotel with a view. 3._ But it was clear not a five-star hotel. There were only two small 4._ beds in our family room, but our son had to sleep

44、on the floor. 5._ There werent clean towels in the bathroom and there were 6._ hundred of insects all over the place. Yes, there was a view 7._,included,clearly,and或so,hundreds,专题二 新题预测,from bedroom window, but it was a view of a motorway and 8._ the airport. There was noise all night and they could

45、nt sleep. 9._ No drinks were included in the breakfast, and we paid for extra！ 10._ We demand a refund (退款) Yours faithfully， Li Hua,we,the,for,专题三 议论文型短文改错,专题三议论文型短文改错,专题三 真题典例,2010重庆卷 以下标有题号的每一行均有一个错误，请找出，并按下列情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一

46、个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。,专题三 真题典例,Here is my idea about how a friend is like. Firstly， 1. _ a friend is someone you can share your secrets . If you 2. _ tell him a secret，never will he talks about it with anybody 3. _ else. Besides，a friend is always good listener when you 4. _ need one. After

47、hear your sad stories，he will say some 5. _,what,with,talk,a,hearing,专题三 真题典例,words that is nice and warm. Still，your happiness makes 6. _ him happily too. Whats more，a good friend is willing to 7. _ offer the help to which you need，or can at least give you 8. _ some advices. In a word，friends are t

48、hose you like and 9. _ trust，and you will enjoy every minute that you spent with them. 10. _,are,happy,to,advice,spend,专题三 新题预测,此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误， 在该行右边横线上画一个勾()；如有错误(每行只有一个错误), 则按下列情况改正： 此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线()划掉， 在该行右边横线上写出该词， 并也用斜线划掉。 此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(), 在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。 此行错一个词：在错的词下划一

49、横线， 在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。,专题三 新题预测,注意：原行没有错的不要改。 (一) I think a good student may has a lot of qualities, 1._ but the following three are the basic one. They 2._ are diligence, intelligence and confidence. Take 3._ Tom for an example. He is one of the best students4._ in class and serves as our monitor. Al

50、though 5._,have,ones,as,our,专题三 新题预测,he is clever and learn fast，he is not lazy. Unlike 6._ some others students who study well in the same 7._ class，he reads a great many of science books. 8._ These students are as hardworking as Tom 9._ and they dont have an equal rich knowledge. 10._,learns,other

51、,of,not,equally,专题三 新题预测,(二) Time is valuable but limit. Theres a famous saying, 1._ “Time is money”， this shows the importance of time. When 2._ time has gone, it will never return back. It is a pity3._ when many people make poor use of time. They spend their 4._ precious time oversleeping, drinking and traveling. We dont 5._,limited,which,back,that,They,专题三 新题预测,realize wasting time equal to wasting part of their life. 6._ They always regre