英汉语言与文化对比最新版Chapter 1 An Introduction

1、Contrastive Studies in language and Culture,References： Works： 1实用英汉对比教程 冒国安 重庆大学出版社2004 2英汉语言对比研究 何善芬 上海外语教育出版社 2002 3汉英语对比纲要 潘文国 北京语言文化大学出版社 1997 4 英汉语研究与对比 邵志洪 华东理工大学出版社 1997 6 汉英对比翻译导论 邵志洪 华东理工大学出版社 2005 7 汉英对比与翻译中的转换 周志培 华东理工大学出版社 2003 8 英汉语比较导论 魏志成 上海外语教育出版社 2003 9 实用英语语言文化 王振亚 河北大学出版社 2004 10

2、 英汉语言与文化对比研究 李文凤 云南民族出版社 2003 11 语言与文化-英汉语言文化对比 邓炎昌 外研社1989 12 Comparative Studies in Language the One gave birth successively to two things, three things, up to ten thousand. These ten thousand creatures cannot turn their backs to the shade (Yin) without having the sun (Yang) on their bellies, and

3、it is this blending of the breaths (Yin and Yang) that their harmony depends. Translated by Arthur Waley,老子：道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物。万物负阴而抱阳,冲气以为和。道德经第42章,Lao Tzu （571- 471 BC),天地与我并生，而万物与我为一。 Heaven and earth co-exist with me, and I am in the universe. identified with everything,庄子（369 286 BC）,Tao is ubiqu

4、itous, eternal and inexplicable. 道的普遍性、永恒性和深奥性,天人合一 天人感应,天地之气，合而为一，分为阴阳，判为四时，列为五行。,The energy of heaven and earth are a unified one. It consists in Yin and Yang and manifests itself in four seasons and five elements. Gardener Murphy,董仲舒 179 104 BC,天亦有喜怒之气，哀乐之心。以类合之，天人一也。,Heaven also has feelings lik

5、e delight and anger, joy and sorrow. Heaven and Man can be classified under the same category.,Chapter One,Chinese Circularity：Idioms 天人感应 Heaven and Man interact with each other. / Natural phenomena and human affairs find response in each other. 天理人情 The law of nature and feeling of Man are in unis

6、on. 天从人愿 Heaven accords with human wishes. 天怒人怨 Nature is angry while people resentful. 天意人缘 Heavens will brings about human affinity. 天与人归 Nature and Man turn to one.,Chapter OneChinese Circularity: Literature,Poetic lines: 花迎喜气皆知笑，鸟识欢心亦解歌。王维 Flowers smile on the happy occasion; Birds sing with the

7、 joyful congregation.,Chapter One,Chinese Circularity: Literature Poetic lines: 高树多悲风，海水扬其波。曹植 Trees sway in a mournful gale; Waves surge like hill and dale.,Poetic lines 山河破碎风抛絮，身世浮沉雨打萍。文天祥 Catkins scattered by wind, My motherland is being disintegrated; Rain striking duckweed, I sink against the t

8、ide, broken-hearted.,Chapter One,9.3 Core Values价值观 Linear individuality and circular integrity 线单与环整 W: individualism-oriented and right-based C: collectivism-oriented and duty-based,Chapter One,Western linear individuality单点独进，个人价值实现 developing individual potentials, realizing individual objective

9、s, seeking individual interests. Chinese circular integrity整体向心，群体价值取向 harmonizing community relationships, actualizing community objectives safeguarding community interests.,Individualism Collectivism,1. Everybody taking care of himself 2. “I” consciousness 3. Independence from organizations 4. Emp

10、hasis on individual initiative 5. Privacy important 6. Belief in individual decisions,People protected by families or clans 2. “We” consciousness Dependence on organizations Emphasis on affiliation with organizations 5. Sharing important Belief in community decisions,Chapter One,Chinese circular int

11、egrity (整体向心，群体价值取向): Harmonizing community relationships, actualizing community objectives and safeguarding community interests. Confucius proposition: 天下为公,君子应先人后己。 A public spirit should rule everything under the sun and a gentleman should put others interest above his own.,Aims in life: 修身、齐家、治国

12、、平天下。 Cultivate personal moral character, put family affairs in order, administer state affairs well and pacify the whole world.,Chapter One,Couplets：风声、雨声、读书声，声声入耳 家事、国事、天下事，事事关心 The sounds of wind, rain and reading each come into my ears. The affairs of the family, state and world are all kept in

13、my mind. 顾宪成：东林书院对联,Chapter One,Proverb：天下兴亡，匹夫有责。 Everyone has a share of responsibility for the fate of his country.,Literature: 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐。 Show concern over state affairs before others, and enjoy comforts after them.,Chapter One,9.4 Outlook on Arts Linear strength and circular grace线刚与环柔 W:

14、 sky-oriented outlook displaying strength C: earth-based outlook exhibiting grace,Chapter One 9.5 C-W Difference in Terms of Choreography,Chinese national dance curves, grace looking earthwards walking and running circular hand movement 中国民族舞蹈曲线美，拧倾曲圆， 眷恋大地，走跑为主， 环形手势。,Western ballet lines, strength

15、 looking skywards hopping and bouncing linear hand movement 西方芭蕾 直线美，开绷直流， 向往天空，蹦跳为主， 线形手势。,Chapter One 9.6 C-W Difference in Terms of Architecture,Chinese: Curves and circles closeness to the earth integration with nature 中国古典建筑 多曲线美 飞檐反宇 亲近大地 天人合一,Western: Lines and pinnacles scraping the sky sepa

16、ration from nature 西方建筑 多直线美 平顶尖拱 向往天空 天人分离,对景,漏窗,对景,桥廊,Architectural Contrast,Circular：Closeness to the earth；reality and stability stressed.,Linear：Piercing the sky；fantasy and innovation valued.,Chapter One,American culture Vision of oneself: city upon a hill Arrogance: Were number one! 16th C from Europe to create a model society Ethnocentrism: Our way is the best way. Pioneer spirit Landscape reflects national character Destined to expand across continent, finding new frontier,Chapter One,Conclusion: Western culture is comparatively linear.,Chinese culture i