Unit1 现代大学英语精读

1、Unit One,Another School Year- What For?,Topic discussion: Why did you come to universities? What do you expect to learn in universities? Do you now have new visions of the purpose of university?,Suggested answers: 1.To give Ss sufficient training for a career. 2. To expose Ss to the essence of human

2、 civilization 3. To cultivate the qualities of being a human 4. To gather useful information and knowledge 5. To encourage intellectual curiosity and cultural appreciation,Memorable Quotes,1. In education we are striving not to teach youth to make a living, but to make a life. - William White 2. The

3、 foundation of every state is the education of the youth. - Diogenes 3. I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. - Mark Twain,Preview Work,New words we do not always like those whom we admire.” - by La Rochefoucauld,PronunciationMeaning(s) having an advanced culture The most import

4、ant quality or feature of sth. One of the two periods into which the year is divided in American high schools and universities Able to understand or appreciate art, music or literature,aculty,rrogantly,enetrating,avage,iteral,nroll,ivilized,ssence,emester,ensitive,Check-on Preview,Acquire Average Co

5、ntain Employ shudder expertise Generate Implicitly Inevitable maintain,To gain; to get for oneself by ones own work To calculate the average of sth. To have sth. inside or as part of it To spend time doing sth To shake uncontrollably for a moment Skill in a particular field To produce In an implied

6、way Certain to happen and impossible to avoid To continue to have as before,Word study,1. Among her _were sewing, cooking, playing the piano and dancing. He advocates building more schools. 2. Of course, there aremanybooksthatweall havetoread,eithertopassexaminationsorto _information,from which it i

7、s impossible to extract enjoyment. 3. Therefore, the government will have to _responsibility if bad assets grows rapidly. 4. Mr. Leach is on holiday and was not _for comment.,accomplishments,acquire,assume,available,5. Her days are _in gardening and voluntary work. 6. The corrupt official bought off

8、 those who might _him. 7. He is the only one_ to work on his code. 8. It was well worthy to strive arduously in _of our own happiness and dream! 9. We can _for his competence as an editor .,employed,expose,qualified,certify,pursuit,Write a paragraph by using at least 5 words below. Acquire, availabl

9、e, contain, expose, graduate, incompetence, maintain, nevertheless, qualified, professional, skill, specialize, unaided,A,accomplishment,1. Cutting the budget was an impressive accomplishment. ( achievement) 2. Our efforts were directed towards the accomplishment of the work. ( the act of finishing

10、or achieving sth. good) V. accomplish Adj. accomplished Compare: accomplish to think that sth. is true ) 2. As a male, he assumed all his duties he should assume. ( to take or begin to have power or responsibility) 3. She assumed an air of indifference, even though she was eager to see him. (to pret

11、end to have a particular feeling or quality) N. assumption Conj. Assuming (that),Certify,The driver was certified dead at the scene. ( to state that sth. is true or correct, 证明，证实） She was certified as a teacher in 1990. （authorize officially, 给颁发合格证书） N. certificate 证书，执照，文凭 eg: birth/death/ marria

12、ge N. certification 证明，保证,expose,1) In 1971, the people in East Africa were exposed to every kind of danger- flood, famine, disease and war. （ to put sb. in a situation where they are not protected from sth. dangerous or unpleasant) 2) He threatened to expose her to the police. ( to show the truth a

13、bout sb. or sth.) N. exposition,9. Be fresh out of/ from 10. Mean to do sth. 11. Specialize in 12. Average out 13. See to it that 14. Preside over,to have just come from a particular place; to have just had a particular experience 刚 to intend to do 打算做 to become an expert in a particular area of stu

14、dy, work or business 专门研究 to come to an average or ordinary level or standard, esp. after being higher or lower 其平均数为 to make sure that 确保 to be in charge or to control a meeting or an event, here used humorously主持,A,15. Suffice it to say that 16. Be out to do sth./for sth. 17. Be stuck for 18. The

15、chances are that 19. Have no business doing sth./ to do sth. 20. Be true of 21. In essence 22. Be exposed to sth. 23. Be employed in doing sth.,it is enough to say to be trying to get or do sth.打算做 not knowing what to do in a particular situation因而不知所措 it is possible that; it is likely很可能 to have no

16、 right to do sth.无权做 to apply to适用于 by nature; essentially 本质上；实质的 To be introduced to sth. to get familiar with sth. 使能接触到 To spend time doing sth. 忙于做,1. 刚从学校毕业，他们遇到了一系列的问题，也有很多机遇。 Fresh out of college, they were exposed to a series of problems as well as plenty of opportunities. 2. 不管学习何种专业，大学生都应

17、该接受人文通识教育。 College students should have humanistic liberal education, whatever they specialize in. 3. 请确保所有同学都收到了考试延期的通知。 Please see to it that all students have been notified of the delay of the exam.,Translation work,4. 人的财富各有多少，但幸福感都是差不多的。 People may differ greatly in wealth, but their sense of h

18、appiness tends to average out. 5. 没有什么语言能表达我的悲伤。 No words will suffice to convey my grief. 6. 年轻人倾向于向前看，而老人更喜欢回忆旧时光。任何一个国 家的人都如此。 The young tend to look ahead while the old like to look back on the past. This is true of all nations. 7. 如果你喜欢某个人，就让他知道，很可能他也喜欢你呢。,If you have someone on your mind, let

19、him know. The chances are that you are on his as well.,Text Analysis,Genre Style Theme Structure Detailed analysis Figures of Speech,Background,Genre,Orientation speech period of time at the beginning of the academic year at a university during which a variety of events are held to orient and welcom

20、e newstudents. The orientation helps new students to organize their classes, acclimate to student life, and introduce themselves to other new students. Speeches are often given at orientation by presidents or acclaimed professors of the university. Audience College freshmen,Text Analysis,Structure,S

21、tyle,colloquial, familiar; E.g. use the direct speech to recreate the scene of his encounter with the tall boy in his office first humorous, mildly sarcastic; E.g. “a beanpole with hair on top”, “this specimen” and “this particular pest”. later serious and earnest a few long and involved sentences i

22、n the second part of text, e.g. sentences in Para.12 apparently as if + clause She looks as if she is going to cry. (fact) She always talks to me as if she were my sister. (not fact) as if + infinitive He opened his lips as if to say something. as if + present participle He was standing by the windo

23、w as if waiting for somebody. as if + past participle Upon hearing the news, she was completely dumbfounded as if struck by lightning. as if + adj. As if unsure of where she was, she hesitated and looked round.,New as I was to the faculty, I could have told this specimen a number of things. Though I

24、 was a new teacher, I knew I could tell him what a university was for, but I didnt. (我虽然经验不多)也讲得出这些道理（但我没有讲）。 New as I was: though I was new Strange as it may seem, he never really wants to be rich. Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon. Object as you may, Ill go. new to sth.: not yet f

25、amiliar with sth. because you have only just started, arrived, etc.,Subjunctive mood,Animal human being (humorous effect),I could have pointed out that he had enrolled, not in a drugstore-mechanics school, but in a college and that at the end of his course he meant to reach for a scroll that would r

26、ead Bachelor of Science. I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.S. at a university. Phrases: Point out; enroll in; mean to do sth.; reach for; Bachelor of Science,a piece of paper which said Bachelor of Science,it would certify that h

27、e had specialized in pharmacy, but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas( mankind has generated within its history). The B.S. certificate would be an official proof that the holder had special knowledge of pharmacy, but it would also be a proof that he had learned so

28、me profound ideas of the past.,I could have told him all this, but it was fairly obvious he wasnt going to be around long enough for it to matter. I didnt actually say all this to him, because I didnt think he would stay at college very long, so it wouldnt be important whether or not he knew what un

29、iversity education was for. be around: to be present in a place; available matter (to sb.): to be important or have an important effect on sb./sth. It doesnt matter whether or not you agree. My mind is made up. Does it matter if I write in pencil?,introductory,whether I told him all this,You will se

30、e to it (that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin), (that the bull doesnt jump the fence), or (that your client doesnt go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence). You have to take responsibility for the work you do. If youre a pharmacist, you should make sure that aspirin is not mix

31、ed with poisonous chemicals. As an engineer, you shouldnt get things out of control. If you become a lawyer, you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client. go to the electric chair (= electrocute): to be pu

32、nished by being killed on the electric chair, that is, by passing electricity through body,Appositive clause,Along with everything else, they will probably be what puts food on your table, supports your wife, and rears your children. In addition to all other things (such as satisfaction) these profe

33、ssions offer, they provide you with a living so that you can support a family wife and children. along with: in addition to sb./sth.; together with sb./sth. She keeps her pills in her bag, along with her money and her comb and lipstick and the usual junk.,noun clause (predictive),Will the children e

34、ver be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home? Will your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home? She wants to find a place reasonably close (= not far from) to her university. Our university is not one of the top ten, but reasonably well known both at home and abroad.

35、,to a degree that is fairly good but not very good,An idea that requires the ability of understanding clearly and deeply,Will you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect? Will you be head of a family who brings up the kids in a democratic spirit? ma

36、intain contact with: to keep in touch with, here used figuratively,the great democratic thinking,Will there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering? Will you have a painting in your house that shows good taste?,“I hope you make a lot of it,” I told him, “because youre

37、 going to be badly stuck for something to do when youre not signing checks.” signing checks: paying for what youve bought by signing checks What does the sentence mean?,Note the sarcastic tone of the writer. In spite of what he had said, the student didnt seem to be convinced.,If you dont have any g

38、oal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches, go ahead and make a lot of it. Otherwise you wouldnt know what to do with all your idle time.,Part II: Main Idea,How does the writer present his argument in the 2nd part? Education is an essential part of the purpose of

39、university rather the college went through them without making contact. A number of such push-button savages get college degrees. We cannot help that. But even with their degrees, we cant say that these people have received a proper college education. It is more accurate to say that they come throug

40、h college without learning anything. go through (a person) (like a dose of salts): (of food, etc.) to pass through the body as waste matter without being digested; here, used figuratively and sarcastically,( used sarcastically) meaning these people are living creatures, but cant think and reason,The

41、re is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human. To become a civilized person, you need to acquire the knowledge and develop the culture a civilized society needs. Ones lifetime is too short to create an environment for h

42、im to become civilized.,a person who is pleasant, charming and without roughness of manner,the time during which a person is alive,You pass the great stone halls of, , M.I.T., and there cut into the stone are the names of the scientists. If you pass the great stone halls of a university, M.I.T. (Mas

43、sachusetts Institute of Technology) for example, youll see the names of the scientists cut into the stone. say: for example,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,the names of scientists are carved in stone as memorials (inversion),The chances are that few, if any, of you will leave your names to be

44、cut into those stones. It is likely that only very few of you (probably none at all) will become great scientists and have your names cut into those stones.,Often in colloquial English,Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics, knows more about physics

45、than did many of those great scholars of the past. But if you were attentive enough in your high school physics class, any of you knows more about physics than many of those scientists whose names are cut into the stones. manage to do sth. : succeed in doing sth. especially sth. that needs a lot of

46、efforts or skill. I managed to finish the work before the deadline.,Inversion for the sake of a long subject,You know more because they left you what they knew, because you can start from what the past learned for you. You know more about physics not because youre more talented than those scholars o

47、f the past, but because they left their knowledge to you, and because everything you first learn is what people learnt in the past. In other words, all human knowledge has been accumulated by people living in the past and has been passed on to us. You can see farther because you are standing on the

48、past scholars shoulders.,what people in the past learned and passed on to you,And as this is true of the techniques of mankind, so it is true of mankinds spiritual resources. This is the way we learn and develop the techniques of mankind. This is also how we inherit and advance mankinds spiritual re

49、sources. 人类技术的发展是如此，人类精神财富的积累也是如此。,Often used in written English,to compare two people or things, when they are similar正如一样,When you have read a book, you have added to your human experience. When you have read a book, you have enriched your life. add to: to increase Their laughter added to her emba

50、rrassment.,Compare: addto Flowers added beauty to the dinner table.,Through books you can acquire at least fragments of the mind and experience of Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare the list is endless. Through reading their books, you can at least learn a bit of the thinking and experience of such literary

51、 giants as Virgil, Dante, Shakespeare there have been so many great thinkers and writers that its impossible to list them all here. 通过书，你至少能获得维吉尔、但丁、莎士比亚等无数前人的一点点思想的火花。,There are too many of them. I cant list them all.,For a great book is necessarily a gift; it offers you a life you have not the tim

52、e to live yourself, and it takes you into a world you have not the time to travel in literal time. Because a great book is something given to us to enrich our lives. It presents to you a kind of life you dont have a chance to experience yourself, and it describes for you places you dont have time to

53、 visit actually.,as a natural result Compare: not necessarily,in reality,A civilized mind is, in essence, one that contains many such lives and many such worlds. Basically, a cultured and educated person knows many such lives and worlds by reading a lot.,If you are too much in a hurry, or too arroga

54、ntly proud of your own limitations, to accept as a gift (to your humanity) some pieces of the minds of Aristotle, or Chaucer, or Einstein, you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy. 如果你急着去赚钱，或是对自己的无知甚为得意，从而把亚里士多德,乔叟或爱因斯坦的思想 这个提高你的品德修养的礼物拒之门外，那么你既不是一个发展到成熟阶段的人，也不是一个民主社会有用的

55、成员。 If you are too much in a hurry: If you are too anxious to make money (or if you are) too arrogantly proud of your own limitations: (or if you are) too ignorant to see your limitations accept as a gift Einstein: to accept some of the thinking of Einstein as something that will help cultivate in y

56、ou the quality of being a human,tooto,Object complement,object,I speak, Im sure, for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well, My remarks apply to and the same is true of liberal arts: subjects of study that develop students general knowledge a

57、nd ability to think, rather than their technical skills 大学文科 liberal arts college: （大学里的）文学院 the specialized schools: departments of a university that teach particular subject or skill, e.g. medical /law school, the school of dentistry, when I say that a university has no real existence and no real

58、purpose except as it succeeds in putting you in touch, both as specialists and as humans, with those human minds your human mind needs to include. 要是一所大学不能使你们学生，无论作为专门人才还是普通人，去接触那些你们头脑应该有的那些大师们的思想，那么，这所大学就没有真正的办学宗旨，也就没有存在的必要了。（我说的这番话既适用于）,The faculty, by its very existence, says implicitly: “We have

59、 been aided by many people, and by many books, in our attempt( to make ourselves some sort of storehouse of human experience).” The existence of the faculty of the liberal arts college itself says in an implied way: “In our effort to make our faculty a place where our students can experience a variety of life they dont have time to live themselves, we get a lot of help from many people and books, present and past