名词专项复习课件(中考英语).ppt

1、名 词,一、考查重点,可数名词与不可数名词 2.名词的作用 3.名词的所有格 4.名词词义辨析,名词 专有名词（如：Tom，China， the United States, January, Monday),可数,普通名词,物质名词(如water,ice,wood) 抽象名词(如:happiness幸福),个体名词(如：teacher教师) 集体名词(如：police警察),不可数,考点一 名词的数,名词单数的表达 一般可用a，an，one来修饰 注：a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前 *a book * an English book * an hour,flower

2、,flowers,找规律,总结规则,watch,es,factory-factories,leaf - leaves,box,es,NOUN.,可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化 (1) 一般在词尾加“s”/s/or/z/ * dog dogs * book books * cap caps * tree trees (2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”/iz/ *box boxes *watch watches *bus buses *brush brushes 注：stomach/k/ stomachs,(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es” /iz/ * count

3、ry countries * baby babies * factory factories * party parties 请区别：如果是元音字母加y 结尾的名词则只须加“s” * boy boys holiday-holidays * day-holidays monkey monkeys,(4) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es” /vz/ * half halves * shelf shelves * knife knives * leaf leaves,特殊:roof-roofs belief-beliefs proof-proofs,Handkerchief-ha

4、ndkerchiefs/handkerchieves,巧学妙记,找规律,tomatoes,potatoes,Negroes,NOUN.,黑人和英雄爱吃西红柿拌土豆。,heroes,(5) 以o结尾的名词,一般情况加s,读作/z/.potato，tomato，hero等除外 * piano pianos * zoo zoos * radio-radios * bamboo bamboos,woman-women,man-men,NOUN.,2.不规则变化,(1)变-a为-e,(2)变元音字母oo为ee,policeman policemen Frenchman Frenchmen,(3)单复数同

5、形 Chinese Chinese fish fish Japanese Japanese sheepsheep,sheep,特殊：children,请区别：German(德国人) Germans (“中日”不变“英法”变，其余s加后面),(4).常以复数形式出现的名词 people clothes shoes trousers socks glasses 这些名词作主语时，注意它们的谓语用复数 * My clothes are newer than yours.,1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are talking about_

6、. Awoman; children Bwoman; child Cwomen; children 2. There are three in my family. A. people B. person C. child 3. Some _ came to our school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. Germen C. Germany D. Germanies,C,A,A,4. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheeps; knifes B. sheeps; knife C. shee

7、p; knives D. sheep; knife 5. There are four_and two_in the group. A. Japanese，Germen B. Japaneses，Germen C. Japanese，German D. Japanese，Germans,D,C,不可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词属于不可数名词.,常见的不可数名词 water rice fish meat work chalk time space music money weather homework wood information news medicine,2 不可数名词的数 （1) a

8、lot of/lots of, some, much, a little, plenty of ,a bit of,a large amount of+不可数名词 (2) 数词+容器+of+不可数名词 a glass of watertwo glasses of water,单个的不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数 *Some bread is over there. *No news is good news.,不可数名词不能直接被a, an, one, two等修饰，常用much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any，plenty o

9、f 等修饰 *They had much money. *He does little housework at home. * a rice (X) two bread (X),可数名词和不可数名词都可以用单位+of+名词表达量，但单位后面的可数名词用复数，不可数名词形式不变 *a bag of apples *a piece of paper *three glasses of orange,巩固练习: (1)一茶杯茶 （2）一碗饭 （3）两公斤肉 （4）五瓶橘汁 （5）一双鞋 （6）许多瓶牛奶,4.有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情 况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同 glass(玻璃)

10、 a glass(玻璃杯) work(工作) a work(著作) time(时间) times(次数),1. Please give me _ paper. A. one B. a pieces C. a pieceD. a piece of 2. This table is made of_. A. many glass B. some glasses C. glasses D. glass 3. What can I do for you, sir? Id like two_. A.bottle of milk B.bottles of milks C.bottles of milk D

11、.bottle of milks 4. We can do the work better with_money and _ people. A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. little, little D. few, few,D,D,C,A,主谓一致,当people, class, family, team, group, public, police 等集体名词做主语时，如果看成一个整体，动词就用单数；看成一个个具体成员时，就用复数。,e.g The class are waiting for her. Toms family _ rather big.

12、Toms family _ film fans.,is,are,2.news, maths, politics 表示单数意义，动词用单数。,e.g The news makes her very happy. Maths _ not easy for him.,is,专有名词： 1.表示人名 如：Jim Kate Li Lei Miss Gao 2.表示地名:如: China USA England Beijing 3.表示星期、月份等时间概念的名称，如： Sunday Monday Tuesday January February 4.表示中外节日： 国际性节日:New Year May D

13、ay Childrens Day Womens Day 中国节日: Spring Festival Mid-autumn Day National Day 西方节日: Christmas Day Easter(复活节）Fathers Day Mothers Day Saint Valentines Day(情人节) 5. 机构或一些社会团体的名称，它们往往缩写,如: CCTV WTO PLA PRC UFO BBC SOS NBA IQ EQ PE RMB VIP,名词的作用,名词所有格 表示名词间的所有关系“ 的” 一.名词所有格的构成方法 1.一般情况下，在有生命的名词后加“s” Kang

14、kangs father Lucys book 2.以s结尾的复数名词,则在s后加“ ”即可 Teachers office The Greens house,3.不以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加“s” * Children s Day * men s shoes 4.无生命名词的所有关系用of加名词，构成所属关系的短语 *the color of the wall *a picture of the classroom,5.如果事物为 2人或2人以上共同所有， 在最后一个名词后加-s;,珍妮和海伦的房间,Jenny and Helens room,6.如果事物不是 2人或2人共同所有

15、，而是分别有的,则在2个名词后都加-s 珍妮的房间和海伦的房间,Jennys and Helens rooms,7. 有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体的等无生 命的东西，也可以加 s 构成所有格,2小时路程 北京最好的公园 今日的报纸,two hours walk=two-hour walk,Beijings best park,todays newspaper,at my uncles = at my uncles home at a tailors = at a tailors shop,9. 表示类别的名词作定语，不用所有格,a silk hat cotton cloth,a cof

16、fee cup,8. 表示某人的家、店铺、诊所时，常省略所有格 后面的名词,two months vacation a miles distance,1 广东的省会 2 教室的门 3 我父亲的一个朋友 4 他的两个兄弟 5 爱迪生的一些发明 6 他弟弟的一张照片(照片属于他弟弟) 7 他弟弟的一张照片(照片里的人是他弟弟),the capital of Guangdong,the doors of the classroom,a friend of my fathers,two brothers of his,some inventions of Edisons,a picture of hi

17、s brothers,a picture of his brother,名词的所有格 Practice,1. June 1st is _Day. All the Children enjoy it very much. A. Children B. Childrens C. Childrens D. Child 2. The two bedroom are the _. A. twins B. twins C .twins D. twins,C,C,重难点突破,3. Lucy is _ sister. A. Mary and Jack B. Marys and Jacks C. Mary an

18、d Jacks D. Mary and Jacks,D,4. Its _from our school to my home. ten minutes walk ten minutes walk C. ten minute walk D. ten minutes walk,A,名词的用法 1.修饰另一名词时,一般用单数 * There are three banana trees over there. 2. man woman用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致 *We need a man teacher. *They are all women workers. 3.sports,cl

19、othes做定语时,仍用复数形式 *a sports star *a clothes shop,重难点突破,小组讨论以下练习的答案并说明其原因 Our hospital needs two_doctors, Mrs. Li. You can ask your son to have a try. A. women B. man C.woman D. men,D,1. The model plane was made by a _ boy. A. ten-years-old B. ten-year-older C. ten-year-old D. ten-year old,重难点突破,C,2 W

20、here is Tom? -He has gone to the _. A. teacher B. teachers C. teachers D. teachers,重难点突破,D,名词所有格的几个注意点 可用名词所有格表示地点, 地点名词习惯上省略 * my aunts ( home） (我姑姑家） * go to the teachers ( office） (去老师办公室） 特别记忆下列用to表示的所有格： the key to the lock/door the key/answer to the question,1 . Could you please get me some _?

21、 Im hungry. A. appleB. water C. bread D. egg 2. Something is wrong with my_. I cant see anything around me. A. nose B. ears C. eyes D. mouth 3. Mr. White has a beautiful garden with many _ in it. A. flowers B. grass C. villages D. water,C,C,A,4. - How far is your cousins home from here? - Its about

22、two _ drive. hours B. hours C. hours D. hour 5. Yao Ming did a good job in the basketball match yesterday. He is my favorite _ A. worker B. teacher C. dancer D. player,C,D,6.All the _ teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday. Aman B. men C. woman D. women 7.Ten hours

23、_(be) not eough for us to do it.,D,is,考点四 常考名词词义辨析1,work job,工作，多指体力或脑力的努力或活动 不可数名词,工作零工，多指为换取报酬进行的日常活动可数名词,我也喜欢花园，但我不喜欢艰苦的劳动。,I like gardens too, but I dont like hard work.,她正在找工作。,She is looking for a job.,考点四 常考名词词义辨析2,cook cooker,厨师,厨具,他是一个好厨师。,He is a good cook.,你的炊具是用燃气还是用电？,Is your cooker gas or electric?,考点四 常考名词词义辨析3,problem question,困难，客观上存在的待解决的问题，尤其是比较棘手的难题,疑问，询问，主观上需要解答或解释的问题,你能解出这道数学题吗？,Can you work out the maths problem?,他在课堂上问了很多问