定语从句1分析

1、Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone,哈利波特与魔法石,philosopher flsf(r) n.哲学家，哲人; 思想家,The boy who lived.,大难不死的男孩。,The boy who lived.,定语从句（The Attributive Clause.),基本概念：一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。,先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词等称为先行词。先行词一般出现在定语从句之前。,They sent my child to the school every morning, w

2、hich I considered a great help to me. 注意：有时先行词是整个句子。,关系词：引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。,关系词在定语从句中有三大作用： 1. 连接作用连接先行词和定语从句。 I gave her all the money that I had. 我把我所有的钱都给了她。,（that 连接先行词 money和定语从句I had）,2. 替代作用在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 The man who lives next door is a famous teacher. 住在隔壁的那个人是个名师。,（who 替代the man）,3. 成分作用在

3、定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。 I like pictures which are painted in the traditional Chinese style. 我喜欢传统的中国画。,（which在定语从句中作主语）,关系词可以分为关系代词和关系副词，具体见下表：,Ron has two brothers who study in the same school.,左起：弗雷德、罗恩、金妮和乔治韦斯莱。图为第五部电影凤凰社。,罗恩有两个在同一所学校上学的哥哥。,Ron has two brothers, who study in the same school.,罗恩有两个哥

4、哥，他们在同一所学校上学。,注意两个句子形式上的区别,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,哈利的魔杖：十一英寸，冬青木，凤凰羽毛，柔软灵活。这根羽毛来自邓不利多的宠物福克斯，福克斯的另一根羽毛在伏地魔的魔杖里。,I have a wand which/that has a phoenixs feather in it.,我有一根里面有凤凰羽毛的魔杖。,I have a wand, which has a phoenixs feather in it.,我有一根魔杖，它里面有凤凰的羽毛。,修饰限制，译为“的”,补充说明，译成并列句,哈利波特原著小说，共七部。,This is the best n

5、ovel that I have ever read.,The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting.,The novel is very interesting, which made me very glad.,先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是句子,阿不思邓布利多（Albus Dumbledore），霍格沃茨魔法学校校长，凤凰社创始人和保密人 ，被公认为当代最伟大的巫师。,We all respect the man who wears a long white beard.,We all respect the man,

6、who wears a long white beard.,不能去掉,能去掉,在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that和关系副词why。要用for which代替why.,I had told them the reason, for which I didnt attend the meeting.,我已经把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。,非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略。,The Differences,不用逗号,用逗号,去掉后句意不完整,去掉不影响表达,修饰限制 只可修饰先行词,补充说明 可修饰先行词或主句,译为“的”,可译为并列句,作宾语时可以省略,不可省略且不能用 that

7、, why 引导,Mistakes Correcting,1. Apples, that are good at peoples health, should be eaten every day. 2. The sun heats the earth which makes it possible to grow crops.,，,which,关系代词： 1. who,whom的用法。二者的先行词均指人。,The boys who are playing football are from Class One.,The man whom / who you met just now is m

8、y old friend.,who在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语；whom作宾语。在限制性定语从句中，作宾语时，二者可以互换，也可省略。,注意：在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时只能用whom，且不能省略。,2.which的用法：which的先行词只能指物，,Is this the book (which) youre looking for? 这是你正在找的书吗？,Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan,which在定语从句中作主语、

9、宾语、表语等。（在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可省略，但作介词的宾语，且介词提前时，不可省）。,This is the house in which I used to live. 这是我曾住过的房子。,3.that的用法：that的先行词指人或物，只能引导限制性定语从句。,A huge crack that was eight kilometres long and thirty metres wide cut across houses,roads and canals.,Jack is no longer the person (that) I met five years ago.,可以用

10、who/whom,可省略,可以用which,that在从句中可作主语，宾语或表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到that之前，如提前则需用which或whom代替that。,Which or that?,1.用that不用which的情况：,先行词是all, much, little, few, something,anything，everything，none，nothing等不定代词时。,A few days later we left our village, because there was nothing that was left for us.,He did

11、 everything that could help us. 他做了能帮助我们的事。,先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被它们修饰时。 The first thing (that) we should do now is to find a local guide.,先行词既有人又有物时。 I am going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited. 我要谈论一下我所访问过的国家和人民。,宜用which的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中。 2.在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。 The house in

12、which I used to live has become a supermarket. 我过去住的房子现在变成了一家超市。,whose的用法： whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。指人时相当于of whom;指物时相当于of which。 This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. = This is the scientist,the achievements of whom are well known. 这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。 Id like a room whose window f

13、aces the sea. =Id like a room the window of which faces the sea. 我想要一个窗户面朝大海的房间。,The English song calls up the happy days _ we spent together in our youth. A. in which B. that C. when D. who,解析：_ we spent together in our youth是一个定语从句。在这个从句中，spent 是及物动词，先行词the days作它的宾语，所以选that。,答案：B,His third novel

14、_ is very popular with readers was written by him in 2006. A. which B. what C. whom D. that,解析：novel为先行词, 其后是定语从句。novel在从句中作主语，而且其前有序数词third修饰，所以选that。,答案：D,Can you see a man and his horse _are crossing the bridge? A. which B. who C. that D. whom,解析：man and horse是又有人又有物的先行词，其后是定语从句。因为从句中缺少主语，所以用that

15、。,答案：C,1(2012江苏高考)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. AwhichBwho Cwhere Dwhat 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子成分可知，“_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive”是定语从句，修饰先行词people，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who。,答案：B,2(2012陕西高考)It

16、is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all. Athat Bwhere Cwhich Dwhat 解析：考查定语从句。句意：她第三次赢得比赛，这让我们很吃惊。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的内容。,答案：C,3(2011新课标全国卷)The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat 解析：考查定语从句。 先行词the writer 与定语从句的主语story之间为所属关系， 因此用关系代词whose 引导定语从句。,答案：C,趣味排序题：,1. John S