四级翻译2~文化篇

1、重点词汇,保护文化遗产 protect cultural heritage 把列为世界自然文化遗产 list as a world natural heritage site 四大文明古国之一one of the four ancient civilizations 源远流长/历史悠久have/with a long history 春秋时期 the Spring and Autumn Period 来源于derive from/originate from 朝代 dynasty 古都 ancient capital 远古时代 ancient times 原始社会 primitive soci

2、ety 追溯到 date back to 发祥地 birthplace,端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子（rice dumplings） ，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。,中国节日文化,端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。,端午节 纪念 诗人 爱国,commemorate/remember,poet,patriotic/love count

3、ry,The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan/is to remember the post Qu Yuan who loves his country.,Dragon Boat Festival,屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。,忠诚的 受人敬仰的 和平 繁荣,win respect,peace,prosperity/success,Qu Yuan was a loyal mini

4、ster who won peoples respect. He also brought peace and prosperity to the state/country.,loyal,但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。,但 因为 最终 投河自尽,because/due to,finally/eventually,drowned oneself/died in the river,But finally he drowned himself in the river because of being vilified.,but/however,人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽

5、子（rice dumpling），希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。,撑船 自尽的地方 抛下 身躯,that place,throw,body,People got to that place by boat and threw rice dumplings into the water. They hoped that the fish ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuans body.,by boat,几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。,特色 河湖 密布 南方省份,river and lake,many,south

6、ern province,For thousands of years, the features of the festival were eating dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.,feature,定语从句,I shall never forget the day when I entered the university. (on which) This is the factory where I w

7、orked three years ago.(in which) That is the reason why Im not in favor of the plan.(for which),That was the moment _ the cinema was born. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? This is the pen _ he bought yesterday. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _w

8、e are working. Yesterday I helped an old man _ lost his way. He was born on a rainy morning _ his father was working outside. One of the major reasons _ this change has happened is the increased influence of TV.,Short-term memory test,Chinese festivals,Do you know the following phrases?,Lantern Fest

9、ival Tomb-sweeping Festival/Day Dragon-boat Festival The Partys Day New Years Eve Labor Day Halloween Double Seventh Day,Youth Day Double Ninth Festival Dragon/lion dance Bid farewell to the old year Offer sacrifice to ones ancestors Family reunion dinner Pay New Years visit/call Get rid of the ill

10、fortune,Lantern Festival,Tomb-sweeping Day,Dragon-boat Festival,The Partys Day,New Years Eve,Labor Day,Halloween,Double Seventh Day,Double Ninth Day,Youth Day,Dragon / Lion dance,Bid farewell to the old year,Offer sacrifice to ones ancestors,Family reunion dinner,Pay New Years visit/call,Get rid of

11、the ill fortune,Do you remember the following phrases?,Double Seventh Day Festival/Day Dragon-boat Festival Lantern Festival New Years Eve Labor Day Halloween Tomb-sweeping Youth Day,The Partys Day Get rid of the ill fortune Dragon/lion dance Offer sacrifice to ones ancestors Family reunion dinner P

12、ay New Years visit/call Bid farewell to the old year Double Ninth Festival,中国共有八大菜系(cuisines)，包括辛辣的(pungency)川菜和清淡的(lightness)粤菜。中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆， 都出现了全新的饮食习惯。在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳和肯德基。收入的不断增长，对国际食品的更多了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品(packaged and canne

13、d food)的新一代消费者。,中国饮食文化,中国共有八大菜系(cuisines)，包括辛辣的(pungency)川菜和清淡的(lightness)粤菜。,辛辣的 川菜 清淡的 粤菜,Sichuan food,light,Cantonese dish,China has 8 major cuisines, including the spicy Sichuan cuisine/food and the light Cantonese cuisine/dish.,spicy,中国餐馆在世界各地很受欢迎。然而，中国人的生活方式日益变化，无论是自己下厨还是上餐馆， 都出现了全新的饮食习惯。,生活方式

14、 下厨 饮食习惯,cook,eating habit,Chinese restaurants are very popular all over the world. However, Chinese lifestyle is changing every day, no matter cooking at home or eating at restaurants.,lifestyle,在一些传统的中国菜中，添加了奶酪和番茄酱。城市消费者频繁地光顾一些快餐连锁店，比如麦当劳和肯德基。,奶酪 番茄酱 消费者 快餐连锁店,ketchup,consumer/customer,Cheese and

15、ketchup are added to some traditional Chinese food. In the city, the consumers frequently go to fast food chains, such as McDonalds and KFC.,cheese,fast food chain,收入的不断增长，对国际食品的更多了解，加上超市购物的便捷，使中国出现了更乐于尝试包装及罐装食品(packaged and canned food)的新一代消费者。,便捷 罐装食品 包装,canned food,package,Due to the growth of pe

16、oples income, more knowledge/understanding about international food and the convenience of supermarket , a new generation of consumers who are more likely to buy packaged and canned food appear in China.,convenience,作业要求,完成9篇文化篇翻译，并结合参考答案背诵单词，每篇熟读7遍以上,农历正月十五是中国的元宵节，人们习惯在门外悬挂大红灯笼，孩子们提着彩色的灯笼玩，大人们则上街观赏

17、各式各样的灯笼。据记载，灯笼早在约3000年前就出现在元宵节上。到了唐代，朝廷（the court）将灯笼与佛教联系起来，从此灯笼就成了元宵节官方礼仪的一部分。不同地区的彩灯风格迥异，陕北的农民用南瓜做灯笼，用棉花等材料做羊头形状。而北京因为是帝王之都，灯笼一般做成宫廷灯笼的样子。,作业1中国节日,The 15th day of the first lunar month is the Lantern Festival in China. It is the custom to hang red lanterns on the gate. Child play with colored lan

18、terns and people go to squares and streets to view and admire decorative lanterns. It is recorded that lanterns adorned the Lantern Festival at least 3,000 years ago. By the Tang Dynasty, the court had connected lanterns with Buddhism and made lighting of lanterns at the Lantern Festival a part of o

19、fficial protocol. Colored lanterns in different regions have their own specific features. Farmers in northern Shanxi province make lanterns out of pumpkins, with materials like cotton and in the shape of the head of a goat. In Beijing, which had long been a dynastic capital, the colored lanterns are

20、 mainly in the style of imperial palace lanterns.,春节贴年画（pasting New Year Prints）的风俗源自于往房子外面的门上贴门神(Door Gods)的传统。随着木质雕刻品的出现，年画包含了更广泛的主题，最出名的就是门神，三大神福神、薪神和寿神(Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and Longevity)，寓意着庄稼丰收、家畜兴旺和庆祝春节。年画的四大产地分别是苏州桃花坞，天津杨柳青，河北武强和山东潍坊。现在中国农村仍然保持着贴年画的传统，而在城市里很少有人贴年画。,作业2中国节日,The cust

21、om of pasting New Year Prints in Spring Festival originated from the tradition of pasting Door Gods on the external doors of the houses. With the creation of board carvings, New Year paintings cover a wide range of subjects. The most famous ones are Door Gods and Three Gods of Blessing, Salary and L

22、ongevity, signifying the abundant harvest of crops, the prosperity of domestic animals and the celebration of Spring Festival. Four producing areas of New Year Prints are Taohuawu of Suzhou, Yangliuqing of Tian Jing, Wuqiang of Hebei and Weifang of Shandong. Now the tradition of pasting New Year pai

23、ntings is still kept in rural China, while it is seldom followed in cities.,狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。,作业3中国节日,The Lio

24、n Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The

25、dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck,

26、safety and happiness.,二十四节气（solar terms）的划分起源于黄河流域一带（Yellow River area），是中国古代历法（calendar）特有的重要组成部分和独特创造。在古代中国，人们常用二十四节气来表示季节更替和气候变化状况。节气的制定是我们祖先在长期的农业生产实践中，逐步认识气象变化规律的结果。长期以来，甚至直到今天，二十四节气在中国的农牧业生产（agricultural and animal husbandry production）中一直起着重要的作用。,作业3中国节日,The twenty-four solar terms is a uniqu

27、e component and creative invention of the Chinese traditional calendar, first originating from the Yellow River area. It was used to indicate the alternation of seasons and climate changes in ancient China. The establishment of solar terms reflected our ancestors knowledge about climate changes duri

28、ng their long history of farming activities. Over years, it has played an important role in Chinas agricultural and animal husbandry production even to this day.,刺绣（Embroidery）是中国艺术的一颗璀璨明珠， 在秦汉时期就已达到较高的水平。它是一门传统工艺，有各种样式，广泛分布于中国的各个地区。有些精致（elaborate）绣品需要花费几位熟练技工数月甚至数年才能完成。在服饰文化中，刺绣工艺占有重要地位。它不仅是中国传统艺术和

29、手工艺的瑰宝，也是中华文化的重要组成部分。它代表了中国人民的智慧。,作业4中国手工艺,Embroidery which had already reached a high level in the Qin and Han dynasties is a brilliant pearl in Chinese art. Embroidery is a traditional craft found in many styles in different parts of China. Some elaborate pieces require months or even years to be

30、finished and call on the skills of several experienced craftspeople. In the costume culture, it occupies an important position in the treasure of the Chinese traditional arts and crafts, and is also an important part of Chinese culture. It represents the wisdom of Chinese people.,中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百

31、年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味这爱情丶婚姻和团聚，中国结常常作为礼物交换或作用饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。（2013年12月第2套真题）,作业5中国手工艺,The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen. After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，has become a kind of elegant and colorf

32、ul arts and crafts. In ancient times，people use it to record the event，but now used mainly for decorative purposes. The knot means love, marriage and reunion in Chinese，knot is often used for jewelry as a gift exchange or pray for good luck and ward off evil spirits，This form of handicrafts from gen

33、eration to generation, it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world。,京剧在中国有200多年的历史。它源于华东地区的徽剧及华中地区的汉剧，后又汲取了昆曲、河北梆子两种地方戏的精华。由于这一表演艺术在北京兴起并繁荣，因此而得名。京剧是中国最有影响力的戏曲， 在社会各阶层中都有广大爱好者。晴天时，人们常常可以看到京剧票友（amateurs of Peking Opera performers）在街头（street corner）、公园或居民区周围练唱。观看京剧是到中国来的海外游客最喜爱的活动

34、之一。,作业6中国戏剧,Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years in China. It started as a derivative of Hui Opera in eastern China and Han Opera in central China, absorbing valuable elements from two regional operas, Kunqu and HebeiBangzi. Since this performing art arose and flourished in Beijing, hen

35、ce the name. Peking Opera is the most influential opera in China, claiming numerous enthusiasts in all segments of society. It can be often seen that amateurs of Peking Opera performers sing in street corners, parks or residential areas on fine days. Watching Peking Opera is one of the most popular

36、events among overseas tourists to China.,中西方饮食习惯（eating habits）存在极大的差异。不同于西方人那种每人一盘事物的饮食习惯，在中国，菜肴是被放在桌上让大家共同分享的。如果你在中国主人家做客，就要做好有一大桌事物的心理准备。中国人对于自己的烹饪文化（culture of cuisine）感到非常自豪，而且会尽全力去展示自己的好客（hospitality）。而且有时候，中国主人会用他们的筷子把食物夹到你的碗里或盘子中。这是礼貌的体现。,作业7中国饮食,There are great differences between Chinese a

37、nd Western eating habits. Unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a table of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their b

38、est to show their hospitality. And sometimes the Chinese hosts use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plat. This is a sign of politeness.,“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题。许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶。相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(The Qing Dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美。如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝，也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。 （2013年12月第3套真题）,作业8中国饮食,“Would you like tea o