Grammar宾语从句和表语从句

1、Object Clauses 宾语从句,M3U3 Grammar,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,什么是宾语？,I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me?,宾语 位于谓语动词或者介词后,一、宾语从句的概念,从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 eg. We

2、 know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,（一）引导词,1,2,3,e.g. I hear (that) _. He said (that) _. The teacher told us (that)

3、 _ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,around the sun,that不能省略的2种情况,（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时 （ it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read En

4、glish aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.,（1）当that作介词except, in 宾语时 They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know _ _. 2. Ask him _. 3. I wonder _. 4. Could you tell me_?,if

5、(whether) he will go to the park with us,whether (if) he can come,whether it is going to rain or not,if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can(could) you tell me 等后。,whether(if) Mr Li lives here,whether与if的辨用,表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句b. 表语从句c. 同位语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式 (whether to do

6、 sth.) g .whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if,1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句 a.当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. eg: I dont know whether or not I will stay. b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. eg: I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,2.注意 whether和if的使用区别,Practice time,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bike. 2. Were worried abou

7、t _ he is safe. 3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_? 3. He asked_. 4. Do you know _? 5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _? 7. Could you tell me _?,who could answer t

8、he question,whom they are waiting for,whose bike was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,由连接代词 Who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,二、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1.

9、 When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What did he want to buy ? I dont know what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy .,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,Whats wrong? Whats the matter? Whats happeni

10、ng? What happened?,注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：,eg: I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?,做主语,做宾语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,I dont think this dress f

11、its you well. I dont think you are right.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 我认为你是错的。,I dont believe you will finish the work today.,我认为你今天无法完成工作。,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,三、时态,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而定。,2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时）， 从句的时态一定要用

12、相对应的过去的某种时态 （一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard that he went to Paris last night.,3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时， 仍用一般现在

13、时。,Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun.,4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) I hear they _ (return) it already.

14、 He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise),will be,goes,have returned,had been,rises,宾语从句三要素,时 态,Summary (小结）,引导词（连接词）,语 序,1.The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2.We dont know _

15、 they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. The teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,Practice,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I ge

16、t to the station B. where is the station C. how I could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. w

17、here did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener Chin

18、a 10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,Discovering useful structures,Answer key for Exercise 1 on page 21,Well, why dont you explain what this is all about? May we ask what you are doing in this coun

19、try?,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：,. 表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用:对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不 引导 表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / w

20、hat 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going to cry . Thats why I was late .,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whether”不能用“If”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3

21、. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 4 The reason is because /why,that .,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。,如： 1.The fact is that our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.,1. Thats _ the Party called on us to do. A. why B. what C. how D. that 2. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. Whether 3 .That is _ they separated. A. that B. what C. which D. where 4.