大脑结构解剖图

1、The Telencephalon,山东大学医学院解剖教研室 李振华,External feature,The telencephalon consists of right and left cerebral hemisphere, partially separated by cerebral longitudinal fissure. The cerebral transverse fissure intervenes between the hemispheres and the cerebellum Each hemisphere has three surfaces: supero

2、lateral, medial and inferior,Three principal sulci Central sulcus 中央沟 Lateral sulcus 外侧沟 Parietooccipital sulcus 顶枕沟,Central sulcus,Lateral sulcus,Parietooccipital sulcus,Five lobes Frontal lobe 额叶 Parietal lobe 顶叶 Temporal lobe 颞叶 Occipital lobe 枕叶 Insular lobe 岛叶,Frontal lobe,Parietal lobe,Occipit

3、al lobe,Temporal lobe,Insular lobe,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Frontal lobe: Precentral sulcus 中央前沟 Superior frontal sulcus 额上沟 Inferior frontal sulcus 额下沟 Precentral gyrus 中央前回 Superior frontal gyrus 额上回 Middle frontal gyrus 额中回 Inferior frontal gyrus 额下回,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral

4、 surface,Precentral sulcus,Precentral gyrus,Superior frontal sulcus,Inferior frontal sulcus,Superior, middle and inferioe frontal gyri,Parietal lobe: Postcentral sulcus 中央后沟 Postcentral gyrus中央后回 Intraparietal sulcus 顶内沟 Superior parietal lobule 顶上小叶 Inferior parietal lobule 顶下小叶 Supramarginal gyrus

5、 缘上回 Angular gyrus 角回,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Postcentral sulcus,Postcentral gyrus,Superior parietal lobule,Supramarginal gyrus,Angular gyrus,Intraparietal sulcus,Temporal lobe: Superior temporal sulcus 颞上沟 Inferior temporal sulcus 颞下沟 Superior temporal gyrus 颞上回 Middle temporal gyru

6、s 颞中回 Inferior temporal gyrus 颞下回 Transverse temporal gyri 颞横回,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Superior temporal sulcus,Inferior temporal sulcus,Superior temporal gyrus,Middle temporal gyrus,Inferior temporal gyrus,Transverse temporal gyri,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Precentral s

7、ulcus,Precentral gyrus,Superior frontal sulcus,Inferior frontal sulcus,Superior, middle and inferioe frontal gyri,Postcentral sulcus,Postcentral gyrus,Superior parietal lobule,Supramarginal gyrus,Angular gyrus,Superior temporal sulcus,Inferior temporal sulcus,Superior temporal gyrus,Middle temporal

8、gyrus,Inferior temporal gyrus,Sulci and gyri of medial surface,Corpus callosum 胼胝体 Callosal sulcus 胼胝体沟 Cingulate sulcus 扣带沟 Cingulate gyrus扣带回 Marginal ramus 缘支 Paracentral lobule 中央旁小叶 Calcarine sulcus 距状沟 Cuneus 楔叶 Lingual gyrus 舌回,Sulci and gyri of medial surface,Corpus callosum,Callosal sulcus,

9、cingulate gyrus,Cingulate sulcus,Marginal ramus,Paracentral lobule,Calcarine sulcus,Cuneus,Parietooccipital sulcus,Lingual gyrus,Sulci and gyri of inferior surface,Olfactory bulb 嗅球 Olfactory tract 嗅束 Olfactory trigone 嗅三角 Anterior perforated substance 前穿质 Collateral sulcus 侧副沟 Occipitotemporal sulc

10、us 枕颞沟 Medial occipitotemporal gyrus 枕颞内侧回 Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus 枕颞外侧回 Hippocampal sulcus 海马沟 Parahippocampal gyrus 海马旁回 Uncus 钩 Hippocampus 海马 Dentate gyrus 齿状回,Hippocampal formation 海马结构,Inferior surface,Olfactory bulb,Olfactory tract,Olfactory trigone,Anterior perforated substance,Collat

11、eral sulcus,Occipitotemporal sulcus,Medial and lateral occipitotemporal gyri,Parahippocampal gyrus,Uncus,Hippocampus,Dentate gyrus,Hippocampal formation,Histology of the cerebral cortex,Archicortex 原皮质 (hippocampal formation 海马结构) Paleocortex 古皮质 (rhinencephalon 嗅脑) Neocortex 新皮质 (most of cerebral c

12、ortex),3 cell layers,6 cell layers,Functional location of cerebral cortex,First somatic motor area 第一躯体运动区,Position: located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule,First somatic motor area第一躯体运动区,Characters Representation is inverted, but head and face are upright A body part

13、 is represented by a cortical area proportional to its use rather than its size Receiving fibers from postcentral gyrus, VA, VL and VPL, sending out fibers to form pyramidal tract, controlling voluntary movements,First somatic sensory area第一躯体感觉区,Positionlies in postcentral gyrus and posterior porti

14、on of paracentral lobule,First somatic sensory area第一躯体感觉区,Characters Sensory representation, like motor area, is crossed and inverted Receiving and interpret sensation from opposite side of body,Auditory area 听区,Located in transverse temporal gyri Receive auditory information from both ears,Visual

15、area 视区,Lie on either side of calcarine sulcus in medial surface of occipital lobe Visual cortex of one hemisphere receives impression from temporal part of retina of same side and nasal part of opposite side Lesions of visual cortex produce contralateral homonymous visual field defections,Vestibula

16、r area平衡觉区: located in front of superior temporal gyrus Olfactory area 嗅觉区: located near the uncus Taste area 味觉区: located at frontal operculum,Language area 语言中枢,It is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person Motor speech area 运动性语言中枢 Located in posterior portion of inferior frontal gyrus

17、 Damage: motor aphasia Writing area 书写中枢 Located in posterior portion of middle frontal gyrus Damage: agraphia Auditory speech area 听觉性语言中枢 Located in posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus Lesion: sensory aphasia Visual speech area 视觉性语言中枢 Located in angular gyrus Lesion: alexia,Lateral ventr

18、icle 侧脑室 Position: located in cerebral hemispheres Four parts Central part: lies in parietal lobe Anterior horn: extends into frontal lobe Posterior horn extend into occipital lobe Inferior horn: extend into temporal lobe,Internal structures,Communication lateral ventricle interventricular foramen t

19、hird ventricle,Basal nuclei 基底核,Corpus striatum 纹状体 Lentiform nucleus 豆状核 Caudate nucleus 尾状核 Claustrum 屏状核 Amygdaloid body 杏仁体,Globus pallidus 苍白球,putamen 壳,Neostriatum 新纹状体,paleostriatum 旧纹状体,White matter,Association fibers 联络纤维 Run between gyri within the same hemisphere Cerebral arcuate fibers 大

20、脑弓状纤维 Superior longitudinal fasciculi 上纵束 Inferior longitudinal fasciculi 下纵束 Uncinate fasciculus 钩束 Cingulum 扣带,Commissural fibers 连合纤维 run between left and right hemisphere Corpus callosum胼胝体: rostrum, genu, trunk, splenium Anterior commissure 前连合 Fornix and commissure of fornix 穹隆和穹隆连合,Projection

21、 fibers投射纤维: connect cortex with lower part of brain and spinal cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers Internal capsule Position: a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus, thalamus and lentiform nucleus,Three parts Anterior limb of internal capsule 内囊前肢 Lies b

22、etween caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus Containing frontopontine tract and anterior thalamic radiation Genu of internal capsule 内囊膝 Is angle at which anterior and posterior limbs meet Containing corticonuclear tract Posterior limb of internal capsule 内囊后肢 Lies between thalamus and lentiform nucleus Contain corticospinal tract, corticorubral tract, central thalamic radiation, parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract, acoustic radiation and optic radiation,Anterior thalamic