读写译(仓兰菊)Unit 2 Lifestyle and Health

1、,Practical English for Master Students in Engineering: Reading, Writing and Translation,Lifestyle and Health,Unit 2,Due to the advancement of science and technology, many modern devices make it much easier for people to perform their daily tasks both in the workplace and at home. As a result, people

2、 have become more and more sedentary, that is，they do much of their work and they entertain themselves just sitting there, with much less physical activity involved. But a sedentary lifestyle is very harmful to peoples health.,After studying this unit, you will be able to:, Understand what health is

3、. Explain the relationship between lifestyle and health. Discuss what lifestyles are good for our health.,Lead-in,Unit 2: Part One- Reading,Pre-reading Activities Topic Preview Listening Practice Vocabulary Preview Text General Understanding Language Focus Translation Post-reading Activities In-clas

4、s Discussion Watch and Practice After-class Case Study,1). How many hours do you spend playing with your smart phones everyday? How many hours do you sit in front of a computer everyday? 2). Do you think you get enough physical activity at university? 3). Do you think if you are healthy enough? If n

5、ot, what health problems do you have?,Pre-reading Activities,In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions below and take notes. After the discussion, please summarize .,I. Topic Preview,Pre-reading Activities,Listen to the report “Cooking Up Human Intelligence” and fill in the blanks with what yo

6、u have heard.,II. Listening Practice,Cooking Up Human Intelligence So what makes the human brain so 1._? Actually, it might not be that special after all. In 2009, Dr. Suzana Herculano Houzel and her 2._ showed that the human brain has the same3._of nerve cells as other primates. Comparing humans to

7、 smaller primates, she 4._ that our brain is no bigger than it should be for our body size. Still, given thedistinctiveway that primate brains 5._ with size, we may have the most brain 6._ of anymammal. But some mammals are a lot bigger than us. Shouldnt they have bigger brains, too? You are right.

8、7. _ can grow to be three times our size, but still have much smaller brains than ours. Brain cells need more energy than most body cells. Although the brain is less than 2 percent of the mass of the human body, it 8._ 20 percent of our restingmetabolic9._. Gorillas have to spend more than eight hou

9、rs every day eating to get enough calories to support their big body, and they simply cant 10._ a bigger brain.,special,colleagues,claims,scale,cells,consumes,afford,density,Gorillas,energy,Pre-reading Activities,A. Read each of the sentences below. Choose the answer that is closest to the meaning o

10、f the italicized word in each sentence.,III. Vocabulary Preview,_ 1. stimulus _ 3. compose _ syndrome_ eliminate _ parallel_ retain _ 2. diagnosis_ 4. obese _ component_ prone _ squad_ prior,c,a,c,a,b,b,b,c,a,b,c,a,Pre-reading Activities,B. Fill in the blanks with the italicized words from the previ

11、ous exercise. Change the word form if necessary.,III. Vocabulary Preview,_ 7. _ _ 8. _ 3. _ 9. _ 4. _ 10._ 5. _ 11. _ 6. _ 12. _,eliminate,retains,components,syndrome,prior,squad,prone,composed,obese,stimuli,parallel,diagnosis,The Working Couch Potato: How to Get out of the Sedentary Rut By Justin W

12、olf,Text:,General Understanding,I. Why do people adopt a sedentary lifestyle?,II.What health problems will it cause?,III. What is the influence on the psychological well-being?,The structure of the Text,IV. How to eliminate the effects?,I. Why do people adopt a sedentary lifestyle?,The most basic: P

13、eople sit when they: Health and psychological problems:,A common lifestyle i.e. “people are increasingly choosing to .”, eat work watch TV or play video games, obesity heart disease depression anxiety,General Understanding,II. What health problems will it cause?,General Understanding, Obesity Hypert

14、ension Hypercholesterolemia (血胆脂醇过高) Hearth disease Type 2 diabetes ,III. What is the influence on the psychological well-being?,General Understanding, Stress Clinical or subclinical depression or anxiety The ample solution to improving mental well-being is exercise.,IV. How to eliminate the effects

15、?,General Understanding,Two ways to eliminate the effects of sedentary habits on peoples health: individuals should take efforts to jog, walk and do more exercise. employers and schools should put forward solutions to make the employees and students healthier. What are the specific measures? What el

16、se can you suggest?,General Understanding,Choose the best answer for the following.,1,2,A,8,C,7,6,5,4,3,D,C,B,B,B,D,The Working : How to Get out of the Sedentary Rut By Justin Wolf 1 In the modern day people are increasingly choosing to adopt a sedentary lifestyle. They eat while sitting, they play

17、video games and watch television while sitting, they travel sitting, and they even work sitting! Students are subjected to long periods of being immobile, and they lose concentration because of it. Many adults go to work only to sit for hours and hours at a desk. Then they go home while sitting in a

18、 car, eat at the table, do their bills or maybe some homework, and then spend many hours staring at a television or playing video games until they go to bed. Obviously, people, both young and old, are becoming sedentary, and hence those people are experiencing health problems, such as obesity and he

19、art disease. These ailments, in turn, cause many psychological problems such as depression or anxiety. Therefore, in order to restore good mental and physical health to sedentary individuals it must be ensured that those people get some exercise.,Language Focus,Translation,Couch Potato,2 A study don

20、e by The North American Association for the Study of Obesity showed that there is, in fact, a correlation between the activity of a person and the presence or absence of certain health problems. To begin their study; they picked five moderately or severely sedentary workplaces with about but no more

21、 than one-hundred employees, in Prince Edward Island, Canada. The next step the study took required each employee, from each of the five workplaces, to be equipped with a pedometer -a device used to calculate the amount of steps a person takes daily - to display their daily physical activity.,Please

22、 discuss how this paragraph is developed?,Language Focus,Translation,3 Their data makes it undeniably clear that there exists a correlation between physical activity and the health of individual people. The people with the fewest steps/day had the greatest BMI body mass index the worst diastolic blo

23、od pressure, and the largest waist circumference-all are indicators of obesity. Moreover, the study found that four out of every five people who work at a sedentary occupation namely, office jobs are obese.,Language Focus,Translation,4 The study also found: Participants who reported a prior diagnosi

24、s of one or more components of the metabolic syndrome (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, heart disease, or type 2 diabetes) took fewer steps/day than healthy participants. Therefore, it can also be concluded that lack of activity, caused by a sedentary lifestyle, is likely to result in the diagnos

25、is of one or more constituents of the metabolic syndrome. In short, getting little activity is a very unhealthy thing to do, so dont be sedentary!,Language Focus,Translation,5 This study targeted sedentary work sites, but the problem of sedentary lifestyles extends to the home. Labor saving technolo

26、gies such as dishwashers, vacuums, and washing machines have made it so people are required to do very little in order to maintain a household. The schools even retain a sedentary model! Less than thirty-six percent of schools offer physical education classes. Hence students receive no physical acti

27、vity, and lose focus because of that. If the schools want better students they need to find a way to make students more physically active.,Language Focus,Translation,6 Another study by Dr. Joan Gandy of Oxford Brookes University suggested that the average man stood to burn 180 fewer calories than th

28、e norm of energy a day, the average woman 142 fewer. Following that is the conclusion: to pass their time, people probably entertain themselves with technologies like video games and televisions, and that those sort of entertainment gadgets are also causing people to be only entertained by stimuli r

29、eceived while sedentary. Hence technology has made it so that people are no longer required to partake in physical activity to get through life, and thus people have a predominantly sedentarily conditioned lifestyle.,Language Focus,Translation,7 That lack of physical activity also affects the psycho

30、logical well-being of an individual. There have been many studies showing that there is a parallel between physical health and mental well-being. Exercise releases endorphins or feel-good chemicals into the blood stream which reach the brain to make a person feel exulted. In addition, Exercise lower

31、s blood pressure, which, in turn, makes a person less prone to stress. There is, as well, hundreds of studies and about thirty narrative reviews that suggest that exercise could cure clinical and subclinical depression or anxiety. Accordingly, exercise is an ample solution to improving mental well-b

32、eing and helps people better compose themselves for a task such as school or a job.,Language Focus,Translation,8 There are two ways to eliminate the affects of sedentary habits on peoples health. First and foremost is the effort an individual can take to make themselves healthful. They can go for a

33、jog, walk instead of driving, join the health club, or for students join an athletic squad. Next comes the solutions employers and schools can instigate to make their employees and students healthier. Schools can have more recess, have longer breaks between classes, and require Physical Education as

34、 a class. Employers can have their employees get up about every hour and walk a lap around the building, have health requirements, or maybe do something creative thing like building a chair/bike which employees must pedal for a half of an hour before getting a lunch break. In short, people need to g

35、et exercise by whatever means possible.,Language Focus,Translation,couch potato,Idiom,A couch potato is an extremely idle or lazy person who chooses to spend most of their leisure time horizontal in front of the TV and eats a diet that is mainly junk food.,“土豆”一词有双重含义，一是指终日在沙发上看电视的人就像“种在沙发前的土豆”一样不动，

36、另一是指这类人一般总在看电视的同时不停地吃炸土豆片。这种生活习惯使人像土豆一样胖胖圆圆，沙发土豆因此得名。,couch potato,Origin and development of couch potato 20世纪60年代，沙发土豆的生活方式在美国开始流行，后来又传遍西方各国，并进入日渐西化的日本，随后进入中国，成为极其重要的致胖因素。 1976年，美国人罗伯特阿姆斯特朗的一位朋友首次提出了“沙发土豆”这个词语，因为它简洁而且形象、生动，便广为传播。 20世纪80年代早期，阿姆斯特朗为“沙发土豆”一词做了商标注册。 1993年，沙发土豆被收入牛津英语词典。 21世纪，沙发土豆已经常见诸报

37、章和网络，被人们广为使用。它不仅进入美国人的词汇，也逐渐被汉语世界和其他国家读者接纳。,sedentary 英 sedntri 美 sednteri adj. 坐着的 （指工作等）坐着干的 案头的 （指人）不爱活动的,a.(Par.1):characterizedbymuchsittingandlittlephysical exercise e.g. If you have a sedentary job, you must try to set aside time to take exercise. 1. I dont think a sedentary life would altoge

38、ther suit me. 我认为长期伏案的生活一点也不适合我。 2. People in sedentary jobs need to take exercise. 工作上要久坐的人需要做运动. 3. Bookkeeping is a sedentary occupation. 会计是一种需要坐着工作的职业.,2. Students are subjected to long periods of being immobile, and they lose concentration because of it. (Par.1):Because students have to sit th

39、ere for long periods of classes being unable to move, they cant concentrate on their studies. subject v:(often passive) to cause to experience or suffer e.g. He was subjected to torture in prison. We have to take it into consideration that we may be subjected to extreme weather.,obesity 英 bi:st 美 ob

40、isti n. 肥胖，过胖；肥胖；肥胖症；过度肥胖；单纯性肥胖,1. The study also demonstrated a direct link between obesity and mortality. 该研究还表明了肥胖症和死亡率之间存在直接的联系。 2. Obesity correlates with increased risk for hypertension and stroke. 肥胖会增加高血压和中风发作的几率。 3. Obesity is a major risk factor in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。,correlatio

41、n 英 krlen 美 k:rlen n. 相互关系 相关性 correlation n. (Par. 2): a shared connection of cause and effect e.g. The statistics indicate that there is a high correlation between unemployment and crime. 1. There is a direct correlation between exposure to sun and skin cancer. 皮肤暴露在太阳下与皮肤癌直接相关。 2. The second grou

42、p of measurements had a high correlation with the first. 第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关. 3. Are you familiar with their correlation ? 你了解他们的相互关系吗？,英 bi: ikwipt wi 美 bi kwpt w 装备有；装有；配备；装备 1. Those that are used should be equipped with adequate aeration. 这些部位应当配置有适当的充气。 2. It must be equipped with an 8 - bit data -

43、 bus. 它需要配备8位数据总线。 3. Nearly all modern process chromatographs can be equipped with facilities for multistream analysis. 几乎所有的现代工业色谱仪都配有多流路采样系统。 4. All cars must be equipped with parts to reduce emissions. 所有汽车都必须安装减少排放物的装置. 5. It was said to be equipped with Russian engines and radars. 有人说是俄罗斯装有发动机

44、和雷达.,be equipped with,英 pedmt(r) 美 ped:mt(r) n. 步数计，步程计； 计步器,1. The use pedometer to calculate a day every day of the journey. 使用步程计,计算一天里每天走的路程. 2. New features include video, voice recording, an FM radio, and a pedometer. 新功能包括视频, 录音, FM收音机, 和一个计步器. 3. This program makes a great partner to your pe

45、dometer. 这一计划作出了伟大的合作伙伴到您的计步器. 4. In addition, walk - loving mobile phone users will be channeled a pedometer to use it. 此外, 爱好散步的用户可将此款手机作为计步器来使用. -miter,-meter仪器 tachmiter（视距仪、准距仪），tromometer（微震仪），thermometer。,pedometer,undeniable = un + deny + able (any other examples?) adj. 不可否认的 无法抵赖的 无可争辩的 确实优

46、秀的 无可疵议的 1. It is undeniable that the economic picture is brightening. 不可否认经济状况正在好转。 2. He had undeniable charm. 他具有不可否认的魅力。 3. That all great art has this power of suggesting a world beyond is undeniable. 不可否认,一切伟大的艺术都具有使人有超尘脱俗的浮想的力量.,diastolic 英 dastlk 美 dastlk adj. 心脏舒张的 1. Both systolic and dias

47、tolic pressures are recorded. 收缩压和舒张压均可记录下来. 2. Normally the heart movements can be felt as distinct systolic and diastolic thumps. 正常时,能够感觉到心脏的运动是性质截然不同的收缩和舒张的撞击. 3. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and heart rate showed no significant changes. 用药后患者动脉收缩压, 舒张压及心率无显著变化.,four out of every fi

48、ve people 每五个人中有四个/百分之八十的人 Only two out of every ten students in our class are girls. out of 1 自离开 a safe passage out of the war zone 从战争地带的安全离开 A man rushed out of the bank and two men took after him. 一名男子冲出银行,另两名男子追了出来。 2 从里 A great spurt of blood came out of the wound. 鲜血从伤口喷涌而出。 3 由于(原因,动机) out

49、of the need of the masses 由于人民群众的需要 4 用(材料) This evening dress is made out of pure silk. 这件晚礼服是用真丝做的.,More to learn,5 脱离了(状态) A lorry ran down the hill out of control. 卡车失去了控制,直往山下冲去。 A few days after the eggs are laid, young frogs which are called tadpole come out of them. 卵产下几天以后,称为蝌蚪的青蛙幼虫就从卵里出来了。

50、 6 缺少,用光,卖完 A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition. 几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。 7 超越(某范围) A few of the tiles were clearly out of alignment. 有几片瓦明显出格了。 8 得自(来源) A figure appeared out of the darkness. 黑暗中冒出一个人影来。,prior 英 pra(r) 美 pra adj. 优先的 占先的 在之前 n. 小修道院院长，大修道院的副院长 adv. 在前 居先 1. Prior to his Japan trip,

51、 he went to New York. 在去日本之前，他去了纽约。 2. Just phone in your order three or more days prior to departure. 在出发的三天之前打电话预订即可。 3. For the prior year, they reported net income of $1.1 million. 他们公布上一年度纯收入为110万美元。,hypertension 英 haptenn 美 haprtenn n. 高血压 过度紧张 hypercholesterolemia 英 hap(:)klestrli:mj 美 hapkle

52、strli:mi: n. 血胆脂醇过多 血胆甾醇过多 血胆固醇过多症 heart disease 英 h:t dizi:z 美 hrt dziz n. 心脏病 diabetes 英 dabi:ti:z 美 dabits, -tiz n. 糖尿病,hyper-,syndrome 英 sndrm 美 sndrom n. 综合征 综合症状 典型表现 变形 复数： syndromes 1. Lemon juice can help to prevent economy-class syndrome by improving blood circulation. 柠檬汁能够改善血液循环，有助于预防经济舱

53、综合征。 2. Scientists call this the it wont affect me syndrome. 科学家把这种现象称为“我无所谓”的典型表现。 3. About 70% of women suffer from premenstrual syndrome. 大约70的女性有经前综合征。,diagnosis 英 dagnss 美 dagnoss n. 诊断 诊断结论 判断 结论 变形 复数： diagnoses 1. Further scans are required to confirm the diagnosis of an abnormality. 需要进一步扫描

54、来确诊是否出现异常病变。 2. She began to consult doctors, and each had a different diagnosis. 她开始四处寻医，但每个医生的诊断都不相同。 3. I would like a second opinion on my doctors diagnosis. 对于我的医生的诊断，我想找一位专家进行二次诊断。,target 英 t:gt 美 t:rgt n. （服务的）对象 目标 （射击的）靶子 目的 vt. 瞄准 把作为攻击目标 VERB 攻击;批评;以为攻击目标 He targets the economy as the roo

55、t cause of the deteriorating law and order situation. 他抨击经济是治安状况不断恶化的根源。 VERB 瞄准;面向;尽力吸引 If you target a particular group of people, you try to appeal to those people or affect them. The campaign will target American insurance companies. 这场活动将以美国各保险公司为目标。 The company has targeted adults as its prima

56、ry customers. 这家公司将成年人作为其主要顾客。,retain 英 rten 美 rten vt. 保持 留在心中，记住 雇用 付定金保留 1. Daily facial exercises help her to retain the skins elasticity. 每天做面部运动帮助她保持皮肤弹性。 2. Disney will retain a 51 percent controlling interest in the venture. 迪斯尼将保留该项目51%的控股权。 3. Vegetables should retain some firmness and sho

57、uld not be soggy and waterlogged. 蔬菜应保持一定的硬挺度，不应潮乎乎的浸透了水。,gadget 英 gdt 美 dt n. 小玩意 小配件 小装置 1. The gadget can be attached to any vertical surface. 这小玩意儿可以粘在任何垂直表面上。 2. The gadget can be attached to any vertical or near vertical surface. 该装置可以装在任何垂直或近似垂直的平面上。 3. The children were squabbling over the r

58、emote-control gadget for the television. 孩子们正在为抢夺电视机的遥控器而争吵。,stimuli 英 stmjla 美 stmjla n. 刺激 刺激物 促进因素(stimulus的复数形式) 小尖刺 1. It is through our nervous system that we adapt ourselves to our environment and to all external stimuli. 我们是通过神经系统使自己适应环境及所有外部刺激的。 2. Does the child respond to auditory stimuli? 那孩子对声音有反应吗？ 3. It is necessary to curtail or alter normally coexisting stimuli. 必需消除或改变正常时并存的刺激.,partake 英 p:tek 美 p:rtek