瞬间动词与延续性动词

1、1、延续性动词： 也叫可持续性动词，表示能够延续的动作。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。,延续性动词与非延续性动词,表示时间段的短语有: for+ 时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。,He has li

2、ved here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.,“瞬间动词(也叫短暂性动词)” 和或“终止性动词”,1、瞬间动词：短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词 从“开始发生”到 “结束/终止”： 几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如几秒钟/几分钟内）就完成了“开始结束”的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的“开始结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下

3、）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以， “我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the watch for five years. buy sth - have sth (拥有)-have/has + had sth for A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago.,同理， “borrow sth” “借书”在办理了相关的登记手续后就 结束

4、了，不可能“借” 几个星期 或好几年的！ 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。” 的意思是： “我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在它还在我手里（I still have it or Im still reading it.） Right or Wrong? A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks. B: I have had / kept it for two weeks. C: Its 2 weeks since I borrowed it. D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago.,(Wrong),(Right

5、),(Right),(Right),现在完成时与瞬间动词,瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时，但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.” 如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法：,一、用ago,使用一般过去时。 He left here three years ago.,二、用“It is +一段时间since 一般过去时从句 ” It is three years since he left here.,三、用“ 一段时间have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”,Thre

6、e years have passed since he left here.,以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。,另外，还可用其它表示方法，但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词形容词或副词介词短语等。,1.直接转化成延续性动词 buy catch (get) a cold borrow/lend come/go /become,have,have a cold,keep,be,put on,wear,e.g.这本书我买了三个月了。,I have bought this book for three months.,x,had,_,2.转换成b

7、e+名词/介词短语 join the army join the Party go to school,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3转换成be+形容词或副词 die finish begin/start leave fall asleep/ill close open,be dead,be over,be on,be away from(地点),be asleep/ill,be closed,be open,go out,be out,get up,be up,e.g.他去世五年了。,He has died for five yea

8、rs.,been dead,_,x,be in school,/ be in the army,/ be in the Party,arrive/come/reach,be in /at +地点,stay,e.g.他自从1985就参军了。,He has been a soldier since 1985. He has been in the army since 1985.,初中英语中常见的有：,在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。 ：,1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) His grandf

9、ather has been dead for ten years.(T) 2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F) 3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T) 4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.

10、(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T),.我们买这本书三年了.,We have had the book for three years.,他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,We bought the book three years ago.,He caught a cold three days ago.,一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同义句,自从上星期以来,我就借了这本书.,I have kept the book since last week.,我成为一个学生两年多了.,I

11、 have been a student for over two years.,I borrowed the book last week.,I became a student two years ago., Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,小明参军半年了。,Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.,Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.,我们上了8年学了。

12、,We have been students for eight years.,下课10分钟了,The class has been over for ten minutes.,9.电影开始了一小时了,The film has been on for an hour.,10. 门打开半小时了,The door has been open for half an hour.,Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习（1）：,1、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。 A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes. B: You are late.

13、It ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film 10 minutes . 2、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。 A: My uncle the army for 2 years. B: It 2 years my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle the army 2 years ago. 3、Linda 已经感冒4、5天了。 A: Linda a cold 4 to 5 days. B: It 4 to 5 days since Linda a cold C: Linda a cold 4 or

14、5 days .,has been on,is,began/started,began/started,has been in,is,since,joined,has had,for,is,caught,caught,ago,ago,Practice: 瞬间动词和延续性动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）：,4、他爷爷去世已经有5年了。 A: His grandpa for 5 years. B: It 5 years since his grandpa . C: His grandpa 5 years . 5、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。 A: Youre late. The train

15、for 20 minutes. B: It 20 minutes since the train . C: The train 20 minutes . 6、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。 A: They Shenzhen for over 3 years. B: It over 3 years since they Shenzhen. C: They Shenzhen over 3 years .,has been dead,is,died,died,ago,has been away,is,left,left,ago,have been/stayed in,is,arrived in got

16、to/ reached,arrived in got to/ reached,ago,区分短暂性动词与持续性动词. 表示短暂性(瞬间性)的动词在现在完成时的句中不能和一段时间连用.即for,since短语或how long问句.,动词的过去分词的变化规律,以动词go为例，go是动词原形， goes是单数第三人称形式，went是过去式, going是现在分词，而gone则是它的过去分词。,规则动词的过去分词,work visit ask play stay,三式相同,不规则动词的过去分词,一、A A A 型 原形、过去式和过去分词同形：,feel leave tell sell say lay

17、find get have,二、A B B 型 过去式和过去分词同形：,hear heard heard hold held held keep kept kept learn learnt learnt lend lent lent make made made meet met met,pay paid paid send sent sent sit sat sat sleep slept slept smell smelt smelt,二、A B B 型 过去式和过去分词同形：,spend spent spent stand stood stood understand understo

18、od understood,二、A B B 型 过去式和过去分词同形：,begin fall fly forget take wear write be break do,四、A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,三、A B A 型 原形与过去分词同形,四、A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,draw drew drawn drink drank drunk drive drove driven eat ate eaten,give gave given go went gone grow grew grown know knew known lie lay lain ride

19、rode ridden,ring rang rung see saw seen show showed shown sing sang sung speak spoke spoken swim swam swum,四、A B C 型 原形、过去式和过去分词各异,take took taken throw threw thrown wake woke woken,五、A A B 型 原形与过去式同形 beat beat beaten,lie / lied / lied说谎 lie / lay / lain躺下，位于，平放 lay/ laid /laid 放置；下蛋,现在完成时“三看三用”,一看时间状语。如果句中没有表示过