英语句子成分

1、英语句子成分 （一）句子主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、 不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：划出主语并说出什么词充当的主语Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.Smo

2、kingdoesharmtothehealth.Therichshouldhelpthepoor. （三）谓语：动词做谓语,谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.Hehascaughtabadcold.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。表语一般

3、由名词、代词、形容词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Isityours?Theweatherhasturnedcold.Thespeechisexciting.Threetimessevenistwentyone?Timeisup.Theclassisover.（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday. Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime. The

4、yhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Hepretendednottoseeme.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lendmeyourdictionary,please. 2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor. （六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分

5、词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：HisfathernamedhimDongming.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite. Wesawherenteringtheroom.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：名词，形容词，代词，分词，动名词，不定式短语，介词短语等例如： Guilinisabeautifulcity.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.Therearethirtywomenteache

6、rsisourschool. （八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：Lighttravelsmostquickly.（副词及副词性词组）Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.（介词短语）Heisproudtohavepassedthenationalcollegeentranceexamination.（不定式短语）Heisintheroommakingamodelplane.（分词短语）Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingag

7、ainatsix?（时间状语）Lastnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.（原因状语）Ishallgothereifitdoesntrain.（条件状语）MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.（地点状语）Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（方式状语）Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.（伴随状语）Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder. （目的状语）Hewassotiredthathefel

8、lasleepimmediately.（结果状语）Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.（让步状语）Iamtallerthanheis.（比较状语）英语句子结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构Heruns.S十V十F主系表结构He is interesting.常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fallill/asleep，stand/s

9、itstill，become，turn等S十V十O主谓宾结构Theyfoundtheirhomeeasily S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构Heofferedmehisseattome带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构TheynamedtheboyCharlie 说明：S主语；V谓语；P表语；O宾语；O1间接宾语；O2直接宾语；C宾练习 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehanded

10、methenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.Chinesepainting is beautiful!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight. 9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.

11、Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.二、分析下列句子成分 1.Ourschoolisnotfarfrommyhome.2.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou 3.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.4.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.5.Hebr