Unit 5综英1要点.ppt

1、Unit 5 How to Be True to Yourself,Preview,1. Pre-reading Discussion What is your motto, if any? A quote from Dante Audiovisual supplement: The Devil Wears Prada 2. Global understanding Main idea Structural analysis 3. Text Study Language points in context Language difficulties: paraphrasing where I

2、choose to walk every step will show.” Explanation: Life is like a field covered with newly-fallen snow, and in this field, every step you make will clearly show itself. Translation:人生就像刚刚落过雪的原野，我所走的每一步都会清晰无遗。,Extension Here in this case, word sequence is re-adjusted for the sake of rhyme. It is ofte

3、n the case in poetry, in mottoes, proverbs, epitaph（墓志铭）, antithetical couplets（对联）, etc. Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where I choose to walk every step will show.,demonstrate,The teacher demonstrated the experiment to the class. Some British miners demonstrated for better working cond

4、itions. Thousands demonstrated against the price increases. Theyll be demonstrating how to handle modern, high performance cars. We were given a brief demonstration of the computers function. Hes very demonstrative: he kissed me on both cheeks. (expressing feeling, esp. affections openly 感情外露的) In “

5、This is my bike”, this is a demonstrative pronoun.,Paragraph 2 They understood instinctively that integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that does not sell out to expediency and this is not relative to the situation at hand. Paraphrase: They understood by instinct that int

6、egrity means having ones own norms and rules of judging what is right and what is wrong, (ethics) that one does not give in for immediate personal advantages / betray for the purpose of gaining personal benefits, and his judgment is not affected by any external circumstances. Instinctively (= instin

7、ctually): naturally, by instinct,integrity,A nations territorial integrity 领土完整，安全 sovereign integrity / integrity of sovereignty 主权完整 Our integrity as a nation is threatened by these separatist forces. He is a man of integrity; he wont break his promise. 正直，无私，刚正不阿 You can trust him; he is a man of

8、 complete (the highest) integrity. Synonyms: honesty, righteousness, unity, wholeness righteousness 正义, righteous anger / indignation / wrath 义愤,morality: n. a personal or social set of standards for good or bad behavior and character, or the quality of being right, honest or acceptable,e.g.,They ar

9、e discussing the morality of cloning. 他们正在讨论克隆的道德性。 His ways of making money are certainly successful, but I doubt their morality.,Synonym:,ethics,Antonym:,immorality,Derivation:,moral adj.,moral (a.), morality (n.),moral: conforming to established codes or accepted notions of right and wrong 有关是非原则

10、的，符合普遍接受的道德标准的 the decline in moral standards道德标准的下降，mainstream moral values 主流的道德观（价值） The film was not only amusing, but it also gave a valuable moral lesson. 道德教育的，有教育意义的 He did not lead a moral life before marriage. 过着规规矩矩的生活 / He is a man of high moral character. 品行端正的人 Human beings are moral i

11、ndividuals. 人是有辨别是非能力的. The Government had a moral, if not a legal duty to pay compensation.道义上的责任 The people who will be on the committee are moral, cultured, competent people. (=ethical) 有道德的 Its obvious from his ruthless behavior that he has no morality. 没有道德,moral (n.),The moral (=message) of th

12、is story is “Better late than never”. 这个故事的寓意是“迟做总比不做好”。 question sbs morals 对某人的品行提出异议 the corruption of public morals 社会风气的败坏 a person of loose morals, i.e. one who has had many casual sexual partners 行为放荡的人（多风流韵事者） a woman of (an) easy morality / virtue 一个水性杨花的女人，妓女,e.g.,I am unconcerned with que

13、stions of religion or morality. 我对宗教问题或者道德问题不感兴趣。 Whether a country should have nuclear weapons or not should be a question of ethics, not of politics. 一个国家是否该拥有核武器应该是个道德问题，而非政治问题。 Ethics is a branch of philosophy. 伦理学是哲学的分科。,Comparison: morality, ethics,morality: principles of good behavior道德; (deg

14、ree of) conforming to moral principles道德性 ethics: the rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession 道德标准，行为准则，伦理观; the study of what is morally right, what is not and the questions concerned 伦理学,ethic, ethical,This is an ethic(al) question. 这是一个道德的问题。 An ethic(c

15、al) basis for education 教育的道德基础 the ethic of public service 公共服务的道德标准 work ethic 工作伦理 Medical ethics (i.e. those observed by the medical profession) forbid a doctor to have a love affair with a patient. 行医道德有规定, 禁止医生与病人谈恋爱. You should not do that; it is not ethical. (adj. 不合伦理的，不太道德的) (不用ethic) His

16、strict ethical code would not tolerate it. （道德守则/操守）(不用ethic),ethical vs. moral vs. righteous,Moral applies to personal character and behavior, especially sexual conduct. Ethical stresses idealistic standards of right and wrong Righteous emphasizes moral uprightness; when it is applied to actions, r

17、eactions, or impulses, it often implies justifiable outrage. Moral as well as financial support was what the West should provide. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. Its not ethical for a lawyer to reveal information a client has told him in confidence. (ethical指“合乎职业/行为道德规范”) He

18、was stirred by righteous wrath / indignation.,Sell out to expediency : give in/yield to expediency; affected by expediency expediency or expedience n. being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. ones own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct方便, 私利, 权宜,expediency(ce) 权宜，私利,It

19、 was difficult to strike the right balance between justice and expediency. 在公正与私利之间很难两全. The crafty lawyer was influenced more by expediency than by the love of justice. 那狡黠的律师受利害的影响更甚于受正义之心的影响。 All his actions are governed by expediency. 他所有的行动都是一种权宜之计。 An ambitious politician, guided by expediency

20、 rather than principle. 一个有野心的政客,常为自身利益而不是原则来指导,expedient adj 权宜的，方便的，可取的,Since there was soon to be a general election, the Prime Minister decided that a change of policy was politically expedient. 鉴於即将举行大选, 首相认为变通一下政策在政治上有利. This solution is politically expedient but may well cause long-term probl

21、ems. expedient to do sth We think it is expedient to make a good-will gesture to the new administration.,expedient n. 权宜之计，应急手段,An action that achieves a particular purpose, but may not be morally right The disease was controlled by the simple expedient of not allowing anyone to leave the city. As h

22、e had forgot his keys, he got into the house by the simple expedient of climbing through the window. 他由于忘了带钥匙，便以简单的应急办法从窗户爬进屋里。,sell out,be/have sold out 卖完 We couldnt get seats; the concert / performance was sold out. Wow! Those cakes sold out fast. The first issue of the magazine sold out within t

23、wo days. sell out of Weve completely sold out of those shirts in your size, sir. to change your beliefs or principles, especially in order to get more money or some other advantage - used to show disapproval 出卖/违背自己的原则 Ex-hippies whove sold out and become respectable businessmen He is a talented scr

24、eenwriter who has sold out to TV soap operas. sell out to The T-mail Co. has sold out to San Jose-based DMX Inc for an undisclosed sum.,be relative to: having a connection with与相关 Beauty is relative to the beholders eye. 美和观者的眼光有关系 relative considered in comparison with something else 比较的；和别的事物比较着考虑

25、的 the relative quiet of the suburbs. 郊区的相对安静 Relatively speaking, this matter is unimportant. 相对来说, 这事并不重要.,Integrity is in short supply today-and getting scarcer. (Metaphor) Integrity is discussed in economic terms here. Speaking of blind date, talented male singletons, aged between 25 and 32 and w

26、ith a secure job, are readily marketable.,outer, outside, outward, external, exterior,outer 保留了比较级的意义 journey to outer space 太空旅行 the outer suburbs 远郊 ones outer life (inner) 外在的 His inner conflict is related to struggles in the outer world. 物质世界（而不是思想和精神的） outside 外部或表面 The outside paint is looking

27、 shabby. The outside world 在某个家庭、社团以外的外界,exterior, external,Very close to “outside” in meaning; can be used interchangeably the external walls of the chimney the exterior surface of a hollow ball 但如果要表示在某物范围以外或远离某物时，多用external an external student 校外生/ external examination (examiner) 校外考试 / 主考人 exter

28、nal affairs 外交事务/ relations 外交关系/ debt 外债 external pressures 外界的压力 / conditions 外部环境 Under the external (= superficial, outward) appearance of ease she was covered with cold beads of sweat. 如表示在某物表面或正位于其外部界限上时，多用exterior (n.)，也可指外在表现 give the exterior of the building a fresh coat of paint Pats tough

29、 exterior hides a shy and sensitive soul. She remained a calm exterior, though she was really furious.,outward,Outward 可表示空间距离，表示离开内部朝外的运动或方向 The outward voyage 外出旅行 Outward travel from London is very heavy over the weekends. Outward 也可表示外表的，或指外在表现，与内在精神相对照 outward appearance An outward show of conf

30、idence concealed his nervousness. 他表现出很有信心的样子以掩盖内心的紧张.,at hand, in hand,At hand: near in place or time; likely to happen soon Christmas is at hand. / He live close/near at hand. Recent economic performance suggests that a major crisis is at hand. in hand: being done or dealt with; under control Lisa

31、 seemed to have things in hand by the time he returned. 正在办理 The work is in hand and will soon be completed. 这工作在进行中, 不久即可完成. The Olympic organizers say that matters are well in hand.,to hand / on hand / give a free hand,have sth. to / on hand: have it with you or close to you, ready to use when nee

32、ded You may want to keep this brochure safe, so you have it to hand whenever you may need it. be on hand: available 随时可用 Our staff are always on hand to help. He gave Stephanie a free hand in the decoration.放开手脚,scarce: adj. not easy to find or get, in short supply,e.g.,Food was scarce throughout th

33、e war. 在战争期间食物匮乏。 Hotel accommodation was scarce during the Olympic Games. 奥运会期间，旅馆房间很难找。 Food and clean water were becoming scarce.,Synonym:,deficient,Derivation:,scarcity n.,But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. Integrity, above all, should be possessed and followed in every are

34、a of society. the bottom line (1) the amount of money shown as profit or loss at the bottom of a set of accounts账本底线 e.g. You have invested millions of dollars in the business and you come out with nothing on the bottom line.,(2) the basic content, meaning, or situation基本情况，根本问题 The bottom line is t

35、hat we need another ten thousand dollars to complete the project. If you dont make a profit, you go out of business: thats the bottom line. 不盈利，就停业：根本问题就在这里。 (3) outcome; the most important result in the end主要结果 If we make all the changes I am proposing, the bottom line is that the company will save

36、 $50000.,demand,This work makes great demands on my time. This new aircraft makes tremendous demands of the pilot. 这种新飞机需要飞行员有极高的技巧. There is not much demand for houses of this sort. put/place demands on/upon sb. the increased demands placed on police officers a great/huge/strong/growing demand for

37、sth.,demand,I demand an apology. (*demanded for an apology.) She demanded to speak to the manager. The opponent has demanded that all the facts be made public. demand sth of sb It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded of her. Work of this nature demands a great deal of those who emba

38、rk on it. 这种性质的工作对从事它的人有很高的要求。,in demand, on demand, supply and demand,in demand非常需要的，受欢迎的 Good secretaries are always in demand. 好的秘书总是很多人都需要的. She is in great demand as a singer. 她是个十分受欢迎的歌手. on demand whenever asked for 一经要求 a cheque payable on demand 即时兑现的支票 Shes in favour of abortion on demand.

39、 对於人工流产, 她赞成有求必应.,supply and demand,Supply and demand The law of supply and demand governs the prices of goods. 供求规律决定商品的价格. Prices are regulated by the law of supply and demand in a free market. 自由市场的物价由供求关系规律来调节。 Supply should rise to meet demand.,Paragraph 3 The integrity triad: the three key pri

40、nciples of integrity A triad is a group of three people / things. For the faculty, there exists the triad of responsibilities: teaching, research, and service. Diagnosis is based on a clinical triad. 本病诊断取决于临床上的三征。 The Trinity in Christianity refers to the union of the Father, the Son and the Holy S

41、pirit. 基督教义中的三位一体指的是圣父、圣子和圣灵。,Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure. (Para. 4) Paraphrase: Firmly adhere to your own beliefs even when you are faced with very strong personal pressure. In the face of: in spite of; against In the face of difficulties and hardships, she ma

42、naged to keep her sense of humor.,a surgical nurses first day on the medical team (para. 4),If you are on a group or an organization, you are a member of it. Claire and Beryl were on the organizing committee.He was on the Council of Foreign Relations. a nurse on the hospital staff on the jury / pane

43、l 在陪审团/评判小组中,account for (para. 4),Now, the gene they discovered today doesnt account for (=explain) all those cases. We must account (to our employer) for every penny we spend during a business trip. 我们得把我们出差时所花的每一分钱（向雇主）交代清楚. His illness accounts for his absence. 他因病缺席. Computers account for 5% of

44、 the countrys commercial electricity consumption. She retired early on account of ill health. Weather conditions were poor, but he did not delay his departure on that account. Coursework is taken into account as well as exam results. He gave a detailed account of what happened on the fateful night。

45、Theres no accounting for taste. (It is impossible to explain why people have different likes and dislikes) 人各有所好（人的好恶是无可理喻的）,rookie: green hand, beginner When you know you are right, you cant back down. back down: withdraw from an opinion, principle etc.; give in He proved that he was right and his

46、critics had to back down. 他证明了他是正确的，而那些非难他的人不得不收起他们那一套。 She refused to back down on a point of principle.她在一个原则问题上拒绝让步。,back up, back away, back down,back up your files at regular intervals Its a good idea to back up your files onto flash disk. Ill back you up if they dont believe you. the back-up t

47、eam of a racing driver 赛车手的後勤队. back-up备份 a back-up copy The child backed away from the big dog. (move backwards in fear or dislike),Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. (para. 9) 总是给与他人应得的认可和赞扬 / 及时地认可并赞扬别人。 Paraphrase: Always be ready/willing to recognize and praise other people wh

48、o deserve it. credit: 赏识，表扬 Give credit where its due. 该表扬就给予表扬. At least give him credit for trying. (praise him, even though he did not succeed). 至少也应该肯定他敢於尝试 rightfully: 正当地，合法地 The stolen car was returned to its rightful owner. Every book and ornament was returned to its rightful place when we h

49、ad finished painting the room. The property rightfully belonged to his brother, not to him.,Ogilvy Im otherwise engaged. 我星期二不能来参加宴会, 我有别的事.,Paragraph 13 When its tough, do it tough. “tough” here is used in different senses. When its tough (very difficult, unpleasant) do it tough: be strong and over

50、come it, do it hard and never give up,conscience,I could go away with a clear conscience.问心无愧 What if he got a guilty conscience and brought it back? 愧疚，问心有愧She was seized by a sudden pang of conscience. 她感到一阵自责。 They have shown a lack of conscience. She cheerfully cheats and lies; shes got no consc

51、ience at all. 她以撒谎和骗人为乐, 完全没有良心.。 It would ease my mind/conscience to know where he was. 要知道他在哪儿我就放心了。 Its still on my conscience that I didnt warn her in time. 我未能及时提醒她, 这事至今使我耿耿於怀（受到良心的谴责）。,conscience,search ones heart/conscience 扪心自问 conscience-stricken 受良心责备的，于心不安的 prisoners of conscience = poli

52、tical prisoners adjective: conscientious 本着良心的；尽责的,Paragraph 15 Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically right. Paraphrase: Integrity means you do what you because you think its the right thing to do, not just because everybody else is doing it or

53、doing it will benefit someone or a certain section within an organization. Politically is used in the sense of “concerned with power, status etc. within an organization rather than with principle.” When used in this sense, it is often derogatory.,politically,One suspects he was dismissed for politic

54、al reasons. 有人 怀疑他是由於人事上的原因而被解职的. It must have been a political decision. 这一决定准是和互相倾轧有关. politically useful, sound, disastrous, etc ideas 政治上有好处/ 没问题/ 祸害无穷等的意见,Paragraph 15 A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. Paraphrase: A life

55、 lived up to the right principles and values, one that never yields to/ gives in to ill/bad moral integrity and never does something undesirable because of this, is the life that is successful (and that we should seek or aspire to).,a life of principle 一个有原则的生活 live according to / up to ones princip

56、les a woman of principle He is quite without principle. a (high-)principled man 有原则/品格高尚的人 It is a matter of principle with her to answer her childrens questions honestly. 如实地答复孩子们的询问对她来说是一个（关系到做人的）原则问题.,succumb to,fail to resist Dont succumb to the temptation to have just one cigarette.The Minister

57、 said his country would never succumb to pressure. He finally succumbed to Lucys charms and agreed to her request. They were all offered bribes and some of them succumbed. stop resisting an illness, die of Several children have measles, and the others are bound to succumb (to it). 有几个孩子患了麻疹, 其他孩子也必然

58、传染上. The driver has succumbed to (= died of) his injuries. 司机已受伤不治.,The sirens 海妖 the Greek tale,Far out in the sea there was an island，on the rocky edge of which lived three Sirens, the three sisters of magic song Half human and half bird, the Siren sisters sat in a field of flowers, singing in voi

59、ces that excited the hearts of men. The attractive songs were so sweet that ships were attracted to the island and struck to pieces on the rocks. No sailor nor ship had ever been known to pass the Island of the Sirens without being attracted to disaster. Here, “sirens” refers to beautiful but dangerous women,Paragraph 15 It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror. (Metaphor) Paraphrase: without having to look back and examine the footmarks you have left behind. It is unnecessary to recall and examine your previ