非谓语动词ppt讲解

1、鹿泉市第一中学,刘雪涛,非谓语动词（非限定动词） 一包括动词不定式、动名词、和分词,三.非限定动词具有动词的特征.可以有自己的宾语、状语。有语态和时态的变化。 另外还有一些非动词的特征，相当于名词、形容词等，在句子里可以作这些词类所能用作的句子成分,二.非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓 语动词。不受主语的人称和数的限制。,He likes to sing. They like to sing.,The man walking in front was carrying a book. The men walking in front were carrying books.,to do doing

2、 doing(分词) to be done being done being done,to have done having done having done,to have been done,having been done,having been done,to be doing,to have been doing,一.to do 的用法,1.作主语 To talk with her is a great pleasure. To learn from others is very important.,It is a great pleasure to talk with her.

3、 It is very important to learn from others.,2.作 表语,Her wish is to become a famous singer. Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.,3.作宾语,He wishes to go abroad to have a further study. We have decided to give them a hand.,4.作定语,I was the first woman to travel alone at the North pole. Shang hai i

4、s the first city in the world to have built a highspeed maglev train.,5.作状语 （目的结果）,But what should I do to celebrate my 60th birthday? To make as much use of the land as possible ,two or more crops are planted,A few years later he came home to find his home town changed. I hurried to the post office

5、, only to find it was closed.,6. 作宾补,What the teacher said encouraged us to try our best at our work. Her wonderful career inspires many people to believe success is within reach for everyone.,to do 在句中作主语、表语、宾语、 定语、状语、宾补。,二.动名词的用法,Jia did experiments and showed that planting wheat close is better.

6、Working in a company is my wish. hosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was. Making eye contact looking into someones eyes-is a way to show interest.,1.作主语,2.作宾语 (动词/介词),I prefer watching TV and playing computer games. Since Kwanzaa is a time for learning as well as joy, people celebrate

7、 it by lighting a candle each day and discussing one of the seven principles of Kwanzaa. The actors makes us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story.,3. 作表语,A good way of saying “I am full ”is moving the hand in circles over the stomach after a meal. My job is te

8、aching you English.,4.作定语,Eating habits become part of who we are. They want to go to the reading room this afternoon.,动名词（doing）在句中作主语、宾语、 表语、定语。,三.分词的用法 (现在分词/过去分词),1.作表语 (具有形容词的特征）,This book is very interesting . This play is very moving and instructive. The cups are broken. / He is married.,比较：

9、The spirit is inspiring the people all over the country. His report is inspiring.,2. 作定语,Oprahwinfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story. It is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African American. s there was another car coming in the other direction.,

10、We also make choices based on how the products are grown or made. Perhaps the best example of universally understood body language is the smile.,3.作状语,Lying on the ice ,I would soon die.(时间) I struggled to my knees, knowing that some how I had to put my tent up for shelter.(伴随) His parents died ,lea

11、ving him a orphan.(结果) Having realized that I could use a kite to attract lightning , I decided to do an experiment. (分词的完成时态作时间状语).,Heated ,ice begins to melt. Inspired by the spirit of the hero ,they worked even harder.,Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand wh

12、ile closing the eyes as if sleeping. means “I am tired,” When asked the question, I gave a clear and exact answer. If invited, I will go to the party together with you.,如果强调分词短语所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作同时发生。分词短语前用when、while。,4.作宾补,Other nutrients help keep our body functioning well. With the work done , we

13、went out to play. We found the students reading outside. We found our hometown completely changed.,非谓语动词的否定式: “not+ to do/doing/done”构成,Not knowing what to do ,he turned to the teacher for help. She started early so as not to be late.,现在分词和过去分词的区别,1.语态上不同,an exciting story /an excited person a movin

14、g film /a moved audience a leading cadre /an unknown hero a tiring journey /a tired football player,分词在句中作表语、定语、状语、宾补。,2.时间关系上不同,developing countries/developed countries the changing world /the changed world boiling water /boiled water the falling leaves /the fallen leaves,注意： .to do 和 doing 作主语和表语用

15、法相同。表示泛指意义的行为时多用动名词（也可用to do） 但表示具体的行为（特别是将来的行为）时，必须用to do。 主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，两者在形式上应该一致。,Seeing is believing 。/To see is to believe。 His hobby is collecting stamps。 Her wish is to become a singer。,My job is teaching = Teaching is my job。,分词作表语表示特性、状态。,The story is interesting 。（特性） The news is exciting

16、。 （特性） He is interested in the story。（状态） The cup is broken。 （状态）,We are learning English .（动作） The cup was broken by Tom .（动作）,2. 动名词 作宾语时,在意义上比较一般和抽象,时 间观念不强,不指某一次动作。动词不定式作 宾语常表示某个具体动作。,He likes swimming, but he doesnt like to swim today.,只能跟 to do的动词,want、wish、hope、expect、decide、agree、manage、prom

17、ise、pretend,只能跟动名词的动词,enjoy、finish、mind、miss、avoid、risk、suggest、escape、practise、insist on、give up,二者皆可无区别,begin、start、like、hate、prefer、continue、intend,二者皆可但有区别,stop、remember、forget 、try、regret、mean,3.动名词和现在分词作定语时的区别,动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系，既它不是该名词的动作。现在分词作定语时,则和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系,它是该名词的动作.,a sleepi

18、ng car a reading room drinking water a swimming pool a sleeping child leading comrades a dancing girl the coming week,=a car for sleeping,=a room for reading,=water for drinking,=a pool for swimming,=a child who is sleeping,=Comrades who lead,=a girl who is dancing,=the week that is coming,4.动词不定式和分

19、词作宾补,tell (ask、want、order、get、advise、would like、persuade）+sb+to do sth,五看 三使役 二听 一感 半帮助,see、watch、look、observe、notice,make、let、have,hear、listen,feel,help,用动词原形作宾补,see、hear、feel、watch,do doing done,I hear them sing a pop song in the classroom. I hear them singing a pop song I hear a pop song sung ,ke

20、ep、leave、find have、get,+doing、done,5.To do 在句中作目的状语或结果状语 分词(doing/done)在句中作状语时表示时间、 原因、方式和伴随。有时也表结果。,When he was reading a book， he nodded from time to time. _, he nodded from time,=Reading a book,Looking out of the window, I saw Mary. _, I saw ,=When I looked out of,Because he was ill, he couldnt c

21、ome here. _, he couldnt come here.,=Being ill,Being a party member, he is ready to do anything for the people. _, he is ,=Because he is a party member,Many people come to theme parks, looking for thrills and entertainment. (=and they look for thrills ),The teacher stood there , surrounded by the Stu

22、dents.=(and he was surrounded by),_ from the hill, we can see the lake. _ from the kill, the lake can be seen. (see),Seeing,Seen,The professor came in ,_many students. _ by many students. (follow),following,followed,Many classes took part in the discussion, _ our class. (include) our class_.,includi

23、ng,included,After he finished his work, he went home. _, he went home. _, he went home.,=Finishing his work,=Having finished his work,If weather permits, we will go out for a walk. _, we will go out,Because he is ill, we have to do it ourselves. _, we have to do,After the meeting was over, we left t

24、he room. _, we left the ,Weather permitting,He (being) ill,The meeting over,(独立主格结构),The professor came in with a book in his hand,=a book in his hand,=book in hand,(独立主格结构),Generally speaking Honestly speaking Frankly speaking Judging from Considering that Depending on,独立状语,Exercise,Will those _ th

25、e children from abroad come to the headmasters office? A. Teaching B. teach C. who teaches D. Who teaching (shanghai 2004),2.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung (beijing2000),3.When the first English settlers arrived in the New World, t

26、he Indians _ jewellery made of animal bones greeted them warmly. A. wearing B. to wear C. worn D. having worn (shanghai2005),4.There are hundreds of visitors _in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. (shanghai 2006 chun) A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D.wait,5._the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. (shanghai2003chun) A. The president will attend B. The pres