小儿科绪论.ppt

1、PEDIATRICS,绪 论,儿 科 学,儿童及儿童年龄分期 儿科学的范围和任务 儿童的特点 儿科学的特点 各期儿童保健特点,儿童和青少年是一很大人群,Children & adolescents represent a big group of whole population.,对疾病的损伤恢复能力较强,个体差异,是一弱势人群,儿童的特点,儿童的年龄The childs age,儿童年龄决定疾病的特征、临床表现、生长发育、行为问题。 Because the age determines the nature and presentation of illnesses, developmen

2、tal and behavior problems of child.,What is the developmental periods across the childhood,?,胎儿中期:1328w middle fetus,胎儿晚期:2940w late fetus,胚胎期:012w embryo,胎儿期 Fetus,婴儿期 Infant period (0y),围产期（Perinatal stage）:胎儿28w 新生儿1w,新生儿期: 028ds,Newborn,112月,幼儿期 Toddler period (12y),Preschool period young child,

3、(35y),学龄前期,学龄期 (611y) School age period old child,Prepubescence:(23 ys),Postpubescence:(34 ys),Pubescence:(24 ys),青春期 Puberty teenager, adolescent,儿科学的范围,儿科学是研究从胎儿到青少年儿童健康的一门学科,儿科学：二级学科,三级学科,预 防 儿 科 学,临 床 儿 科 学,发 育 儿 科 学,Development pediatrics 研究儿童的体格生长与心理发育规律的一门学科,按疾病发生的系统分亚专业,Clinical pediatrics,或

4、按年龄特点分类,什么亚专业是儿科最有特色 的专业? Which field is the characteristic of Pediatrics ?,新生儿专业 Neonatology,儿童保健专业Primary Child Care,THE FIELD OF PEDIATRICS,儿科学的任务,研究儿童生长发育的规律与影响因素,研究儿童疾病的发生、发展规律、临 床诊断、治疗的理论和技术；防治疾病、减少疾病的发生；降低死亡率,研究儿童疾病的预防,研究儿童疾病的康复； 提高儿童生命质量,儿科学的特点,The child is not a little man,生 理 Physiology: R

5、,P,BP,病理 Pathology,临床表现Clinical manifestation,死亡率 Mortality,发病率 Morbidity,病因 Etiology,药理 Pharmacology,预后 Prognosis,生理 Physiology,There are differences for various age level,Age beats/min12ys 60100,正常脉搏 in children,呼吸率 in children Age Normal Tachypnea Neonate 3050 60Infants 2030 50Young children 2030

6、 40Older children 1520 30,病 因 Etiology or pathogens,infected by organisms from the mothers genital tract.,肺炎 Pneumonia,-haemolytic StreptococcusE.ColiGram-negative bacilli,新生儿 Newborn,The most frequent causes: Respiratory viruses Strep. H.influenzae,婴儿 In infancy,Bacterial infection,年长儿 In old child

7、ren,黄疸Jaundice:starting 24hs: 溶血 Haemolysis ABO incompatibility G6PD deficiency Congenital infection,Diagnosis of Illnesses,新生婴儿 Newborn infant,先天畸形 或异常Congenital malformation or Abnormality,e.g.Developmental dysplasia of the hip Downs syndrome,Jaundice: at 2 weeks of age: 母乳Breast milk jaundice 感染I

8、nfection 先天性甲减Congenital hypothyroidism 肝炎Hepatitis 胆管阻塞 Biliary atresia,Jaundice: at 2day-2weeks of age 生理性Physiological jaundice 母乳Breast milk jaundice 感染Infection,肺炎可无体征 with pneumonia may not have any abnormal signs on auscultation,婴儿 Infant,发育问题 suspected delay in development: slow to walk,talk or acquire skills,过去史 Past medical history家族史 Family history社会史 Social history,病史 History-taking,*发育史 Development,Pediatrics is specially governed by age.,各期儿童保健特点,年龄,生长特点,影响因素,保健重点,措施,胎儿期,依赖母体 器官成形生长快,母亲： 健康、营