状语从句chm2013.ppt

1、状语从句,Adverbial clauses,九种常用的状语从句,时间状语从句 地点状语从句 原因状语从句 条件状语从句 目的状语从句 结果状语从句 方式状语从句 让步状语从句 比较状语从句,准确掌握每一个连词的含义是掌握状语从句的关键。,同时要注意时间、条件状语从句主从句的时态一致。 即：主将从现,（一）时间状语从句 由下列连词引导：when, while , as, whenever, before, after, once, till, until, as soon as, hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 一些表示时间的副词(短语)或名词短语也可引导

2、时间状语从句: directly, instantly, immediately; by the time; the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, the year, the week, the day ; every time, each time, next time, the last time等,注意: 时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用现在时。,高考热点1: 1. (11浙江) One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daught

3、er heard cries for help. A. when B. while C. after D. before 2. (10全国)Tom was about to close the window _ his attention was caught by a bird. A. if B. and C. tillD. when 3. (06辽宁) We were on the point of discussing financial investment_ the telephone rang unexpectedly A. while B. as C. when D. once,

4、A,D,C,sb was doing sth when sb was about to do/going to do/ on the point of doing sth when sb had just done sth when ,I was thinking of this when I heard my name called. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.,4. (11福建) It was Ap

5、ril 29, 2011_ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A. Before B. when C. sinceD. before 5. (05上海) He transplanted the little tree to the garden _ it was the best time for it. A. that B. when C. before D. until,B,B,6. （12全国大纲）I had hardly got to the of

6、fice _ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. A. when B. than C. until D. after,A,连接词when的用法小结 1. when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词可以是持续性动作，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。主句与从句的动作或事情可以同时发生也可以先后发生。 2.表示“正在/要做某事，这时突然” 相当于“ and just at this/that time”。 3.在情形下，既然 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk ther

7、e in five minutes .,高考热点2: 1. （12四川）At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. A. while B. although C. so D. as 2. （08四川）In some places women are expected to earn money_men work at home and raise their children. A. while B. until C. when D. bef

8、ore 3. _ all of them are strong candidates,only one will be chosen for the post. (11陕西) A. Since B. As C. While D. If,A,A,C,4. _ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A. （12海南） A. While B. Once C. IfD. Until 5. Are you ready for Spain ? - Yes , I want the girls to exper

9、ience that _ they are young . (08上海卷) A. while B. until C. if D. before,A,A,1. 表“在某一段时间里”、“在期间” 、 “趁着”, 强调从句动作的延续性。 Please dont interfere with others while they are working. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。(谚) 2. 表示对比、对照关系, 意为“而; 却” ；一般位于句中。 Some people waste food while others go hungry. 有些人浪费粮食,

10、 而有些人却在挨饿。,3. 表示让步, 意为“尽管; 虽然”；通常位于句首。 While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对学生们很严格。,连接词while的用法小结,as, when, while的用法区别 1while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词必须是可延续的，而when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词是可延续的，也可以是表短暂性动作的动词。从句动作可发生在主句动作前、后或同时发生。 I want the girls to experience that while/ when they are y

11、oung . When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2如表示从句的动作在主句的动作“之前”或“之后”发生时，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。 When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.,(不可用while),3表示“一边.，一边.” “随着”，连词用as，不用when或while。 He looked behind from to time as he went. As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.

12、随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖了。,他一边走一边朝后看。,高考热点3: 1. Mary rushed home _ she heard the news, only _ that her hubby passed away. A. as soon as, finding B. directly, to find C. moment, to find D. when, found 2. I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first timeD. by the

13、 first time,B,C,= I thought her nice and honest when I met her for the first time.,小结： 1. the moment, the minute, the instant immediately, directly, instantly hardly/scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首，句子必须用部分倒装结构。 I had hardly got home when it began to rain. Hardly had I got

14、 home when it began to rain.,-Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?,-Yes, I gave her the moment I saw her.,引导时间状语 从句，相当 于as soon as,2一些含有time的名词短语，如every time, each time, next time, the first time, the last time, by the time等，以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he

15、 returned home, his father was already dead. Each time he came to town, he would visit our school.,高考热点4: 1. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (03北京春) A. after B. unless C. until D. when 2. It wa

16、s very difficult for us to learn a lesson in life_weve actually had that in life.(07天津) A. when B. since C. after D. until 3. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then,C,D,B,until与till及 notuntil / til

17、l的用法 1. until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时，主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间，意为“直到为止”。 用于否定句时，结构为not until, 主句谓语动词是短暂性动词，意为“直到才”。 He waited until / till we finished our meal. I didnt leave there until / till she came back. 2. 从句位于句首仅用until Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. 他告诉我了我才知道。,他一直等到我们吃完

18、饭。,直到她回来，我才离开的。, 3notuntil句型中的倒装和强调说法。 直到这位大明星摘下墨镜，我才认出她。 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until / till she took off her dark glasses. Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a

19、famous film star.,高考热点5: 1. John thinks it wont be long _ he is ready for his new job.(10陕西) A. after B. when C. before D. since 2. Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? (06四川) He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. A. before B. untilC. whenD. after 3. As is reported, it is 100 years_ Q

20、inghua University was founded.(2011 四川) A. since B. before C. when D. after 4. That was really a splendid evening. Its years_ I enjoyed myself so much. A. when B. that C. before D. since,C,A,A,D,连接词before的小结： 一、含义 1 We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 2 We hadnt run a mile be

21、fore he felt tired. 3 Please write it down before you forget it. 4Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.,“才”,“不到就”,“趁”,“还没来得及”,二句型 1）It will be/was一段时间before “要过多久才/ 过了多久才” It will be two years before he leaves the country. 2） It will not be/was not一段时间before “不多久就 / 没过多久就” It wasnt long

22、before he told me about the news.,since 引导的从句 It is /has been + 一段时间+since 如果从句的谓语动词是 短暂性动词的过去式(did)，则表示“自从该动作开始以来”； 延续性动词或状态的动词的过去时时(did)，则表示“该动作或状态已 经结束”，从句意思是否定的； 延续性动词的完成时态(have/has done)，则表示“该动作和状态延续”，从句意思是肯定的。 I havent heard from him since he lived here. 自从他这里搬走，我就没有收到他的信。 Its three years sinc

23、e I was in the army. 我退伍已三年了。 Its three years since I have been in the army. =Its three years since I joined the army.我入伍已三年了。,（不在服役了）,（在服役）,（不住在这儿了）,It is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.,（二）地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。 Youd better make a mark where you have any questions 哪儿有

24、问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。 Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 Sit down wherever you like. 你喜欢坐哪儿就坐哪儿。, Everything was placed exactly _he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. （12天津） A. while B. when C. where D. though _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to t

25、he former. (09江苏) A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until,C,B,高考链接：,原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。由 because(因为), since(既然), now (that) (既然), as(由于), considering that (顾及到), seeing that(由于)等连词引导, 但在语气上一个比一个弱。,（三）原因状语从句, because 语气最强，表示直接原因，常表示必然的因果关系，引导的原因状语从句是全句意思的重心。 用于回答why的提问、引导表语从句、强调句, 可与强调词only, just连用, 但不可以与

26、so连用。 -Why didnt you phone me last night? -Because I didnt want to disturb you. You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you. It was because I didnt want to disturb you that I didnt phone you last night.,Why,just,It was that, since (既然)：一般表示大家已知的事实，语气比 because弱, 常置于句首。 as (由于)：表示

27、不言而喻、显而易见的的原因，语气 最弱。一般放在句首，有时也可放在句末。 Since/ Now that no one is against it, lets carry out the plan. 既然没人反对，让我们实施这一计划吧。 for是个并列连词，只能放在另一个并列句后面，且用逗号隔开，表示推理或解释，或用作附加说明。 She must have cried, for her eyes are red.,Did you return Freds call? (08北京卷) I didnt need to _ Ill see him tomorrow. A. though B. unl

28、ess C. when D. because He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail. A. and B. for C. but D. or 06北京卷,她一定哭过了，她眼睛红的。,D,B,（四）条件状语从句 条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句。 表示条件的状语从句可以由if（如果）, unless（除非）, in case（如果/ 万一）, so /as long as（只要）, on condition that（条件是）, suppose/ supposing

29、/ providing / provided /given (that)（假设) 等词或词组引导。,If you leave at 6 oclock tomorrow morning, youd better get to bed now. 2. As/So long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 4. On condition that we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty. 5. Only if we

30、 dont lose heart, will we find a way to overcome the difficulty. 只要我们不灰心，我们就能找到克服困难的方法。 一般情况下当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。,倒装,will we find,unless=if not Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low. 他会接受这项工作的，除非薪水太少(如果薪水不太少的话)。 suppose/supposing (that) p

31、roviding /provided (that) assuming (that) given (that) Suppose/Supposing we cant get enough food, what shall we do? 假设我们弄不到足够的食物，那我们怎么办？ Given that he supports us, well win the election. 如果他支持我们，我们就会赢得选举,= if,- Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? -_it doesnt rain. (09山东卷) A. Until B. While C. Once D.

32、 If 2. I have a tight budget for the trip, so Im not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices. (12上海) A. once B. if C. after D. unless 3. You may use the room as you like _ you clean it up afterwards. (09北京卷) A. so far as B. so long as C. in case D. even if 4. （12江西）You can borrow my car you

33、promise not to drive too fast. A. unless B. even ifC. in caseD. as long as 5. _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy. (08江苏卷) A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D. Unless; you will,D,D,unless 相当于 if not，意思是“除非”“如果不就”。,B,D,A,only if 引导的条件状语从句位于句首

34、，主句需倒装。,（五）目的状语从句 由下列连词引导：so that, in order that, for fear that 唯恐 /生怕 /为了防止 , in case 以防(万一) so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句中常需用情态动词。 so that引导的目的状语从句只能放在主句之后 in order that 引导的目的状语从句可以放在主句之前或之后。 我们很早出发以便能看到日出。 We set out early so that we could see the sunrise. In order that we could see the sunrise

35、, we set out early. for fear that引导的状语从句谓语动词一般用“should + 动词原形”结构，或省略should，表示忧虑，本身带有否定意义，相当于so thatnot, in order that not； in case引导的目的状语从句常用陈述语气。 We hid behind the bushes for fear that passers-by should see us. 我们躲在丛林中唯恐过路人看见。 Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. 明天请再次提醒我以防我忘了。,

36、Leave your key with your neighbor_ you lock yourself out one day. （12辽宁） A. as long as B. even though C. in case D. as if Hes working hard for fear that he _. A. should fall behind B. fell behind C. may fall behind D. would fallen behind,A,C,连接词“for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“for fear that +主语+ sh

37、ould +动词原形” ，should可以省去。 I will not make a noise for fear that I (should) disturb you. 我不会做声的，以免打扰你。,高考链接：,（六）结果状语从句 结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句, 通常主句是原因, 从句是果。由so /such that, so that等引导。 so /such that注意点： so + adj/adv + that such (a/an +adj) + n + that so+ adj + a/an + n + that =such a/an + adj + n /that so m

38、any/much/few/little(少) + n + that such + (adj) + n. (u /pl )+ that He was so excited that he couldnt help jumping. 他兴奋得忍不住跳了起来。 It was such a terrible accident that few people survived. It was so terrible an accident that few people survived. 那是一起可怕的事故，几乎没有人幸存。 so that 从句谓语一般没有情态动词 She was ill, so t

39、hat she didnt attend the meeting.,He has so few friends that he often feels lonely. 他朋友很少，所以经常感到孤独。 I had so little money then that I couldnt afford a little present. 我当时囊中羞涩连一份小小礼物都买不起 The book was written in such simple English that we could understand it easily. 这本书是用很简单的英语写的，我们能很容易地理解。 so或such置于

40、句首时，主句常倒装(部分倒装)。 He was so excited that he couldnt help jumping. = So excited was he that he couldnt help jumping. She spoke so loudly that every one in the big hall can hear her. =So loudly did she speak that every one in the big hall can hear her.,1. The weather was so cold _ I didnt like to leave

41、 my room. 2. Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. （09重庆卷） A. where B. that C. why D. when,B,D,注意以上结构与定语从句so/suchas的区别。 This is such an interesting/so interesting a film _ everyone wants to see it. This is such an interesting/so interesting a film _ ever

42、yone wants to see.,that,as,（七）方式状语从句 方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way等引导。 Do in Rome as the Romans do. 入乡随俗 Leave things as they are. 让一切顺其自然。 Do it the way you were told to. 教你怎样做就怎样做。 He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他对待我象陌生人一样。 注意： as引导方式状语从句时意义为“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加强语势。 I did it just as you to

43、ld me. Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。,= I did it just as told to,as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同, 引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气, 表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气, 表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。常译作“仿佛似的“, ”好像似的” They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。 H

44、e looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。 It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。,（八）让步状语从句 让步状语从句由although / though（尽管）, even if / even though （即使）, whether(是否) , however(无论怎样), whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever, whenever, wherever, no matter w

45、h - (无论), 等词引导。 We wont be discouraged even if(=even though) we fail ten times. 我们即使失败十次也不泄气。 Whatever ( = No matter what ) you say, Ill never change my mind. 无论你说什么，我永远不会改变主张。 注意： although, though引导让步状语从句时, 主句前不能用but, 但可以加yet, still。 Though we were short of materials, we still managed to finish the

46、 work on time. 【though还可作副词，放在句末用逗号隔开，表示“不过，然而”】 We were short of materials. We still managed to finish the work on time, though., as引导让步状语从句时，必须用前置结构，通常是从句中的表语(名词、形容词)、状语或动词原形放在句首，放在句首的名词前的冠词要去掉。 Though Mary is a girl, she can do what boys do. =Girl as Mary is, she can do what boys do. While I am w

47、illing to help, I dont have much time to afford. = Willing as I am to help, I dont have much time to afford. Though I have been working very hard, I made little progress. =Hard as I have been working, I made little progress. Though he might try, the door wouldnt open. =Try as he might, the door woul

48、dnt open.,（在girl前不要用冠词）, whether -or (not ) 引导的从句，提供两个对比的“尽管”情况， 含有条件意味。 Whether you come here or we go there , the topic of discussion will remain unchanged. 疑问词+everno matter +疑问词 Whenever you come, you are welcome. Whoever breaks the law, he will be punished. (比较)Whoever breaks the law will be pu

49、nished.,(Whenever = no matter when),(Whoever = no matter who),(Whoever = anyone who ),_ the Internet is of great help. I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it. (08湖南卷) A. If B. While C. Because D. As 2. Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _they are different from your

50、 own. (05湖南卷） A. untilB. even ifC. unless D. as though,B,B,even if 等于 even though，表示“即使、尽管”, 有退一步设想的意味。 as though 等于 as if，引导方式状语从句，表示“好像、似乎”。,while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。,高考链接：,（九）比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用: than；as as ； not so (as) as； the +比较级 ，the +比较级 (越越)等引导。 注意：这类从句常以省略形式出现。 He doesnt work as hard as she (does

51、). 他工作不像她那样努力。 Our country is as big as the whole of Europe. 我们的国家同整个欧洲一样大。 The result was not as/so good as I had expected. 结果不如我预料的那么好。 The more careful you are , the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心犯错误就越少。,1.John plays football_, if not better than, David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D.

52、 so well as 2.He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _a native speaker. (2004上海) A. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 3.Our neighbour has _ ours. (2003北京) A. as a big house as B. as big a house as C. the same big house as D. a house the same big as,as

53、+形容词+a/an+单数名词+ as,高考链接：,4. Although Linda tried hard in the exam, she did _ than her brother. (00上海春) A. more badly B. much better C. much badly D. much worse 5. -How did you find your visit to the museum? -I thoroughly enjoyed it . It was _than I expected. A. far more interesting B. even more inte

54、rested C. so more interesting D. a lot more interested,比较级前可用修饰语even, still, rather, a bit, a little, some, any, much, a lot, yet, far, by far. 不能用very, too, so, fairly, quite , more,6. Its believed that _you work, _result youll get. A. the harder; the better B. the more hard; the more better C. the

55、 harder; a better D. more hard; more better 7.It is reported that the United States uses _ energy as the whole of Europe. (广西) A. as twice B. twice much C. twice much as D. twice as much 8. Americans eat _ vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. (上海) A. more than twice B. as twice as many C

56、. twice as many as D. more than twice as many,倍数表达法,倍数表达法,倍数+as+原级+as 倍数+比较+than 倍数+ the +n.+of 倍数+what it is 倍数+that of,as much +n.u+as as many +n.(pl.)+as,Much as I respect him, I cant agree to his suggestion.,Do in Rome as the Romans do.,He speaks English as well as he speaks his mother tongue.,T

57、hey waited until it was dark before leaving, as they didnt want anyone to see them leave.,He hurried home, looking behind as he went.,表时间,表让步 (=though) (倒装),表方式,表原因,表比较,判断下列as引导的状语从句的类别,他匆忙赶回家，边走边往后看。,他讲英语和说母语一样的好。,入乡随俗。,尽管我非常尊敬他但我不赞同他的建议。,他们一直等到天黑才离开的，因为他们不想任何人看到他们离开。,状语从句的时态问题 If their marketing p

58、lans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent. (08全国卷II) A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home. (06上海卷) A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write _ leave at the end of this month. I dont think you sho