介词+副词 定语从句2.ppt

1、Attributive Clause（定语从句）,1. 概念,定语从句:在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。,定语是在名词或名词性短语前对其进行 修饰和限制的成分,2.相关信息,He is an English teacher who likes singing songs.,定语从句,先行词,引导词,引导词,关系代词:,关系副词:,who, whom, that, which, whose as,wherewhenwhy,定语从句一般放在所修饰的名词或代词的后面, 被定语从句限定的词是_ ， 引导定语从句的词叫做 _ 或 _。, 关系代词和关系副词有三大作用，即 连接 连接定语

2、从句和主句 替代 替代前面的先行词 成分 在定语从句中要充当一定的句子成分,“先行词”,“关系代词”,“关系副词”,1.The fan which you want is on the desk. 2.The army dug out the people who were trapped in the ruins. 3.The magazine which has been taken away is mine.,4.The students who dont study hard will not pass the exam. 5.The woman whom you saw in the

3、 park is our geography teacher. 6.The letter which I received yesterday is from my sister.,1.that,1)Lets ask the man that is reading the book over there.,人 主语,2)The noodles( that) I cooked were delicious.,物 宾语,that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The woman who/ that lives next door is a teacher.,1 The woman is

4、 a teacher. 2 The woman lives next door.,2. which,1) They planted the trees which didnt need much water.,2) The fish (which )we bought were not fresh.,物 主语,物 宾语 可省,which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省),A plane is a machine which/ that can fly.,1 A plane is a machine. 2 The machine can fly.,It was writ

5、ten by Laoshe.,Jane has borrowed the book.,Jane has borrowed the book that/which was written by Laoshe.,3.关系代词: who和whom,1). who指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,2). whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略),The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.

6、,Do you know the man who spoke just now?,Do you know the man? He spoke just now.,The girl is from America.,I called her just now,The girl (whom ) I called just now is from America.,The lady (who/ whom) we met yesterday is Miss Green.,1 The lady is Miss Green. 2 We met her yesterday.,1. This is our m

7、onitor whose English is very good.,2. I borrowed a book from the library whose name is “War and Peace”.,whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语。,4.关系代词 whose,Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?,Do you know the girl? Her hair is very short in our class.,He is the student. I broke his pencil yester

8、day.,He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.,Which house is mine?,房顶是棕色的房子是我的。,1.The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,2.The house is brown is mine.,the roof of which,3.The house is brown is mine .,of which the roof,1.The eggs _ were in the basket were not fresh. 2.The friend_ came to sup

9、per last night wasnt hungry. 3.The noodles _ you cooked were delicious. 4.He saw a house _ windows were all broken.,which/that,who/that,(which/that),whose,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,指代,所做成分,是否可省略,that,人；物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,which,物,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,who,人,主语；宾语,作宾语可省,whom,人,宾语,可省,w

10、hose,人；物,定语,不可省,关系代词的用法,关系代词:,1. that可指人，可指物, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词。） 2. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省) 3. who指人, 作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 前面不能加介词。） 4. whom 指人, 作宾语 (作宾语可省略, 若介词提前则不能省) 5.Whose可以指人也可以指物，表示所属关系,非限制性定语从句,1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 就是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句就会失去意义或意义不完整。这种从句和先行词的关系十分密切，写时不用

11、逗号和主句分开。 非限制性定语从句 和主句的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。在讲话时语调上须停顿。一般不用that引导。 （注意非限制性定语从句中，即使关系代词作宾语也不能省略,I was the only person in my office who was invited.,Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.,Li Ming,whose mother has been ill for two days,is

12、 absent from school today.,（如果把从句部分去掉，整个句子的含义就变了）,We went to the hospital yesterday, which was built last year.,1. His dog died ,which made him sad. 2.He invited us to dinner,which was very kind of him. 3.He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 4.He drank beer,wnich made him fat. 5.She was ve

13、ry patient towards the children,which her husband seldom was.,1.介词+关系代词的情况,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,介词+关系代词的情况,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences righ

14、t?,who、that 不能用与介词之后,2.介词+关系代词的情况,Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .,下面两句中的介词能提前吗?,【小结】含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词后面,如:look for, look after, take care of, look at ,listen to等。,1. Do you like the book she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book she pai

15、d $10? 3. Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book she often talks? 5. He built a telescope he could study the skies.,介词+关系代词的情况 练习,on which,for which,from which,about which,through which,6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the se

16、cond longest _ is the Yellow River. 8. The tower _people can have a good view is on the hill. 9. The man _ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling. 10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,under which,of which,from which,to whom

17、,of which,3. “介词+关系代词“前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或数词。 He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.,My girlfriend offered me many novels, most of which I am not familiar with.,2) This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =

18、 This is the boy _ _ I played tennis yesterday. (这是我昨天跟他打台球的男孩.) 3)This is the watch for which I am looking .(改错) This is the watch which I am looking for.,with whom,_,_,4) The man with that/who you talked just now is my neighbor.(改错) The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. 5) The plan

19、e in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.(改错) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,_,_,【小结】关系代词紧跟在介词之后时，指人只能用whom,指物只能用which.,He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.,Ive got two sisters. Both of them are

20、in Shanghai.,比较,neither of whom,and neither of them,Ive got two sisters ,and both of them are in Shanghai.,Ive got two sisters, both of whom are in Shanghai.,Ive got two sisters; both of them are in Shanghai.,The old man has two sons, _are lawyers. A. both of them B. both of the sons C. both of whom

21、 D. both of two,I have many books, but the best _ was borrowed by Mary. A. of that B. of which C. of books D. of them,Think the differences between them,“介词+关系代词”的用法 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. = The school _ _ he once studied is very famous. (他曾经就读过的学校很出名.),in which,关

22、系副词when, where, why它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。,where引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词,并在定语从句中作地点状语, 相当于“介词+ 关系代词(which)”。,This is the house where I lived two years ago.,where = in which = in the house,Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.,where,特殊的先行词 situation, point, position,

23、case, activity， scene, stage, degree, condition,要注意具体情况具体分析，作主语、宾语和表语用that / which，作状语用where,when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的名词,并在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于“介词+关系代词(which)”。,Ill never forget the day when I joined the League.,when = on which =on the day,1. There are many reasons why people like traveling. why = for which = fo

24、r the reasons 2. Is this the reason why he refused (拒绝）our money? why = for which =for the reason 关系副词实际上是介词先行词,why,The mines _ I worked were 9km from my home. The reason _ I got a job was because of my hard work. The time _ I arrived was late at night. The government building _we voted was very tal

25、l. The date _ I joined the ANC Youth League was 5th of August.,where,why,when,where,when,关系代词和关系副词在定从中的不同成分,a、This is the place where he works.,This is the place which(that)we visited last year.,b、That was the time when he arrived.,Do you still remember the days that (which)we spent together?,c、This

26、 is the reason why he went.,The reason that (which)he gave us was quite reasonable.,1. Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. 2. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,几种易混的情况,4. I went to the plac

27、e _ I visited ten years ago. 5. This is the reason _ he was late. 6. This is the reason _ he gave.,which,why/ for which,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正。 1. I still remember the day that we first met in our school. 2. I never forget the days when I spent with your family last summer. 3. The vi

28、llage which he was born has taken on a new look. 4. This is the town where we paid a visit to last year.,when / on which,when that / which或去掉when,which前加in 或which where,where that / which或去掉where,5. Can you tell me the reason which you missed the class this morning. 6. Do you believe the reason why

29、Tom gave for his being late for work?,which 前加for或 which why,why that / which 或去掉why,7. The girl got herself into a situation that she was likely to lose control of her car. 8. A modern city has been set up in the place where was a wasteland two years ago.,where which / that,that where,1.Do you stil

30、l remember the day _I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D. where,2.Im going to visit the school _ my mother taught physics ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. what,3.She is not the woman _ she was before. A. what B. that C. who D. as,C,A,B,.4.She wore a heavy fur coat in such a

31、 hot day, _I found quite strange. A. which B. that C. what D. when,5.We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. to where B. to which C. that D. which,6.He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because,B,B,A,7.The baby _is not

32、hers.A. of that she is taking good care B. who she is taking good careC. of who she is taking good care D. whom she is taking good care of,8. The high building _ is a big hotel. A.we are looking at it B. we looking C. at that we are looking D. we are looking at,D,D,9.There is a popular belief among

33、parents _ schools dont pay any attention to handwriting. A. whose B. that C. which D. in which,10. - Was _Bill, _played football well,_ helped the blind man cross the road? - Yes, you are right. He is always ready to help others. A. it; that; who B. which; that; that C. it; who; that D. who; which,t

34、hat,B,C,11. The theory hes stuck _us that earthquakes can be forecast. A, to prove to B. to proves to C. proves to D. which proved,12. It was at the school _ was named after a hero _ he spent his childhood. A. which; that B. where; where C. that; where D. which; where,B,A,as与which均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换

35、.区别如下：,1. as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于句首和句末, “正如，正像”; which引导的从句不能放在句首,翻译成“这”。 e.g. As we all know, the earth is round. Mary was late for school, which made our teacher angry.,as 即可指人/物。在从句中可做主语，宾语。,2.当从句和主句语义一致时,用as,反之则用which,e.g.She has married again, as was expected. She has married again, which was unexpect

36、ed,4. 必背的as 的习惯用语 as we know / expect / can see 正如我们知道/期盼/看见的那样 as we had expected as is well known 众所周知 as often happens 正像经常发生的那样 as is often the case 情况往往如此 as is mentioned above 如上所述 as has been said before 如前所述 as will be shown in Fig 3 将如图3所示 as is reported 正如报导的那样,3. suchas和同样的; the same as像一样的 e.g. Mr. Lee is such a good teacher as we all like. I have the same plan as you have.,Mr. Lee is such a good teacher as we all like.,Mr. Lee is such a good teacher that we all like him.,比较 分析,定语从句,状语从句,He told us such a funny story that we all laughed . I have never heard such funny stor