高中英语定语从句最新课件.ppt

1、The Attributive Clauses,Grammar,定语从句之限制性定语从句,The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,A hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,基础知识,修饰限定关系,修饰限定关系,定语从句：是指在复合句中， 修饰 或 的从句. 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代 词叫做“ ”. 引导定语从句的词叫“ ”,基础知识,名词,代词,先行词,关系词,The strucure of an attributive clause,基础知识,先行词,名词或代词,关系词,关系代词和关系副

2、词,从句,缺少主语/宾语/状语/定语， 但必须有谓语。,+,+,WHY?,已经作定语从句中的成分,定语从句好像一面镜子，对先行词进行描述,关系词就是镜子里的“自己”， 在定语从句中代替先行词,先行词就是主句中的“本人”,同指 关系,这种情况不会出现，因为先行词或关系词 作定语从句中的相同成分（同指关系）,先行词作定语从句中的主语或宾语， 关系词也要作定语从句中的主语或宾语， 因而选用关系代词引导定语从句。,先行词作定语从句中的状语， 关系词也要作定语从句中的状语， 因而选用关系副词引导定语从句。,先行词,关系词,Have you learned about the city where we

3、are visiting?,Have you learned about the city which we are paying a visit?,This is the very pen that you gave it to me before.,Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.,这种情况不会出现，因为关系词已经作了定语从句中的成分，定语从句中不能出现相同成分,I still remember the years when we studied together then.,Ive put the book where it w

4、as there just now.,This is the point where I disagree with.,改错： 定语从句中重复出现先行词或关系词所作的成分,引导定语从句的关系词,只指代人 只指代事物 人、物皆可 指地点 指时间 指原因,who，whom which that, whose, as where when why,关系代词,关系副词,基础知识,作定语从句中的主语、宾语、定语等,作定语从句中的状语,The usage of the relative pronouns,who,whom,which,that,whose,表语,定语,as,关系词的实质,Join the

5、following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质

6、,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterda

7、y. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系词的实质,Join the following

8、sentences: The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday. we saw yesterday is Mary.,that/who/whom,The girl,注意定语从句中避免成分重复,1.代替先行词; 2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分; 3. 同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 （把主句和从句连起来）,Have fun,关注如何使用关系词,带定语从句的谚语： 1. God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助之。 2. He who laughs last laughs best. 谁笑到最后，谁笑的最好。

9、3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。,先行词是人！,下面的句子明白了吗? 1. Alls well that ends well. 2. Not all that glitters is gold.,闪光的未必都是金子。,结果好就一切都好。,先行词是事物！,关注：先行词有 特殊修饰成分！,English is the most subject,Make sentences:,下面的句子明白了吗? The dictionary is the only place _ success comes befo

10、re work.,只有在字典里，“成功” 才会出现在“工作”之前。,先行词是事物，也有 特殊修饰，但是,先行词作定语从句中的状语成分！,？,where,Summary:关系词 判 断 规 律 :,?,先行词,是什么？,有何特殊修饰？,作定语从句中的什么成分？,定语从句及主句的句式特征,“四位一体”,成分优先,The SEMS is a/ the. school. Mr. Wu is a/ the. teacher.,Make sentences as many as you can!,9 9,语法填空中相关问题练习,I have many friends, some of _ are busi

11、nessmen. _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.,whom,As,3. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy. 4. The old man has two sons, and both of _ are teachers. 5. This is the place _ we met yesterday. 6. There are many reasons _ pe

12、ople like traveling.,which,them,where,why,7. The first textbook that _ (write) for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. 8. This is the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. 9. The house _ they built last year are being rebuilt.,was wri

13、tten,that/ which,that/ which,10. The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt help 11. This is the only work _ we can work out. 12. The mother told the lazy boy to work. _ didnt help 13. My girl friend told me the day _ she was born. 14. My girl friend told me the day _ she had chosen.,which,that,It

14、,when,which/ that,15. I still remember the day _ I first came to the school. 16. It was on October 1st, 1949 _ the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 17. The bridge which _ (build) here now is about 1,000 meters long. 18. _ is expected, our team won the football match.,when,that,are being built,

15、As,19. This is the town _ she lived in Germany when she was young. 20. This is the time _ reminded us of the happy life in out school. 21. I met twenty students. Some of _ are good at English. 22. We reached the mountain, on the top of _we saw a beautiful scene.,where,that/ which,them,which,判断下列句中是否

16、含有定语从句,Greenfields is a small town with about 10,000 people living there. It is enough time that we need most. It was a time when no human beings existed（存在）. That was really an easy and pleasant time when I chatted with Father over dinner. I have put the book where it was. Where is it now？ It seems

17、 that he will be late.,with复合结构,强调句,定语从句,地点状语从句,时间状语从句,名词性从句,1. Try to find all the sentences with attributive clauses in the passage. 2. Finish off the exercises in your learning papers.,The Attributive Clause is a grammatical item that is hard to master, but its so useful, common, and charming tha

18、t we must learn it better now!,定语从句,定语从句是一项难学的语法项目，但是它如此有用、常见而又迷人，所以我们一定要现在就学好它！,Thank you.,Group work: Find all sentences with attributive clauses in the text(P26).,?,Discussion,1. But the people in the city, _ _，went to sleep as usual that night.,2. It was felt in Beijing, _,who thought little of

19、these events,which is more than 200 kilometers away.,3. A huge crack _ _ cut across houses, roads and canals.,4. The number of people _ _ reached more than 400,000.,that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide,who were killed or injured,5.Then, later that afternoon, another big quake_ shook

20、 Tangshan.6.The army organized teams to dig out those _.7. Workers built shelters for survivors _.,which was almost as strong as the first one,who were trapped and to bury the dead,Group work: Find all sentences with attributive clauses in the text(P26).,whose homes had been destroyed,! Dont miss th

21、e title of the passage:,定语从句！省略了关系词when。再如：,This is the place (where) he works.,A NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP,定语从句关系词的判定,I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时，用that而 不用which 做关系代词。,关系词的判定：先行词是什么？,They talked of thing

22、s and persons that they remembered.,2. 先行词既有人又有物，用that而不用which 或who(m)做关系代词。,关系词的判定：先行词是什么？,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _ he teaches English is interesting.,3. 先行词是a/ the way/ ways，意为“方式、方法”并且作定语从句中的方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。,（that/ in which）,（that/ in which）,关系词的判定：先行词

23、是什么？,4. 当先行词为point, situation, case等表示“情况，境地，场合”或为activity/ match/ race/ party等表示“活动”意思而且作定语从句中的状语时，其后定语从句常由where引导。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? I decided to go to the party, where I could meet some old friends.,关系词的判定： 先行词有何特殊修饰成分？,This is the first book (that) he

24、has read.,This is the very book that belongs to him.,1. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时， 用that不用which 做关系代词。,2. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时，用that不用which 做关系代词。,3. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时，用that不用which 做关系代词。,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,关系词的判定：先行词有何特殊修饰成分？,as

25、 的使用,This is such an interesting book _ we all like. This is so interesting a book _ we all like.,as,as,定语从句,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,关系词的判定：先行词有何特殊修饰成分？,as 的使用,that,as,定语从句,定语从句,This is the same book _ I lost. This is the same book _ I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,关系词的判定： 先行词作定语从句中什么成分？,原则上先行词作定语

26、从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语，要用关系代词引导定语从句；先行词作定语从句中的状语，要用关系副词引导定语从句。,缺什么补什么,但最难判断的是先行词到底作宾语还是作状语，此时一定要抓住定语从句的谓语动词的特点，特别是定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。,关系词的判定： 先行词作定语从句中什么成分？,先行词作定语从句中的主语、宾语、介词宾语,缺主语 无论谓语什么形式 主语 vt. 缺宾语 主语 vi./ be 表语 介词 缺宾语 主语 双宾语vt. 缺一个宾语 主语 vt. 缺宾语 宾补,关系代词: who/ whom/ whose/ that/ which/ as,关系词的判定： 先行词作

27、定语从句中什么成分？,先行词作定语从句中的状语,主语 vi. 缺状语 主语 vt. 宾语 缺状语 主语 be 表语 缺状语 主语 be done （被动语态） 缺状语 主语 vt. 双宾语/ 复合宾语 缺状语,关系副词：when/ where/ why(或介词which),1.when, where, why &that, which,This is the reason _ ( = for which ) I didnt come here. The reason _ she gave was not true.,why,which/that,指时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾

28、语，用关系代词which或that引导定语从句；先行词如在定语从句中作状语，要使用关系副词引导定语从句。,主语 双宾语vt. 缺一个宾语,主语 vi. 缺状语,1) Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park. 2) Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you. 3) This is the museum _ I paid a visit last year. 4) This is the museum _ I visited last year.,when,which/ that,whe

29、re,which/ that,1.when, where, why &that, which,主语 vi. 缺状语,主语 vt. 缺宾语,主语 vt. 宾语 缺状语,主语 vt. 缺宾语,5) This is the story _ the old man told us young people. 6) This is the story _ the old man told us young people his experience. 7) This is the point _ I dont agree. 8) This is the point _ I dont agree with

30、.,that/ which,where/ in which,where/ with which,which/ that,1.when, where, why &that, which,主语 双宾语vt. 缺一个宾语,主语 vt. 双宾语 缺状语,主语 vi. 缺状语,主语 vi. 介词 缺宾语,9) Later, they came to a place _ the natives called the Ghost Cave. 10) This is the very case _ a new word is used uncorrectly, although it has been lea

31、rnt by heart.,that/ which,where,1.when, where, why &that, which,主语 vt. 缺宾语 宾补,主语 be done （被动语态） 缺状语,定语从句中的某个名词从属于先行词，意为“先行 词的.”，即先行词作定语从句中该名词的定语， 此时定语从句用whose 引导。,whose表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with flowers and trees flows to the sea.,whose,关系词的判定： 先行词作定语从句中什么成分？,2. Whose 的使用, whose引导定语从句

32、，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词 短语。whose引导定语从句时，其先行词既可以指人 也可以指物。 whose可与它所修饰的名词一起作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard of the news. 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,whose引导的定语从句应注意的要点,2. Whose 的使用, whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose +名词 = the + 名词 + of which，或 = of which + the + 名词。如： The book whose cove

33、r (= the cover of which或of which the cover) is broken is the one he lent me., whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of whom，或 = of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose face (= the face of whom或of whom the face) turns red is telling a lie.,There are 20 students in this class, _ are diff

34、erent. A. whose backgrounds B. backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose,Whose 的使用,3. 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语时， 用that而不用which 做关系代词。 She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.,关系词的判定： 先行词作定语从句中什么成分？,2. 关系代词前有介词，用which指物、用whom指人, 不用that； This is the house in which he was bo

35、rn.,1. 非限制性定语从句中，关系代词用which指物、用who(m)指人, 不用that； Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.,关系词的判定： 定语从句以及主句的句式特征？,I agree with the idea _ you thought of.,that/which/(left out),做of 的宾语,I agree with the idea（主句）_ you thought of which.,I agree with the idea _ you thought of.

36、,of which,这就叫介词提前的关系代词，prep+关系代词。请思考：可用于介词后的关系代词有哪几个？,请还原which 在从句中的位置,which/whom/ whose,This is the boy. I played tennis _the boy yesterday. Well go to visit the famous school. We have often talked _the famous school.,with,about,This is the boy whom /that/ /who I played tennis with.,Well go to visi

37、t the famous school which /that / we have often talked about.,with,about,3. 主句为who, what或which的特殊疑问句， 定语从句的关系代词要使用that。,Who is the girl that drove the car?,Which is the book that you bought last week?,4. 主句为There be 句型时，定语从句的关系 代词要使用that。,There are a lot of things that you cant know about.,能力提高,9 9,

38、定语从句常见错误（难点重点突破） 1. 分不清关系词在从句中所担任的成分。 This is the place where I want to visit. 1. Im very glad to return to my hometown _I had lived for 10 years. 2. This is my hometown _I used to talk about to you. 3. I think I can understand the reason_ he didnt tell the truth to me. 4. No one believes the reason

39、 _he gave us about his absence at the meeting.,where,which,why,that/which,2. 把含有被动语态的定语从句与过去分词作定语混淆。 The house was built 100 years ago is still there. The house built 100 years ago is still there. The house which/ that was built 100 years ago is still there. Many other materials such as cotton and w

40、ool also come from plants and animals _(raise) on farms. The snake that_ (save) by the farmer woke up, bit him and ran away.,which/ that,was built,raised,was saved,3. 因混淆定语从句、并列句，错用普通代词和关系词。 She failed in the test again, and which disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again, it disappoint

41、ed her parents. She failed in the test again, which disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again, and it disappointed her parents. She failed in the test again. And it/ It disappointed her parents.,4. 混淆定语从句与强调句型 It is the factory _ Mr. Wang worksIt is in the factory _ Mr. Wang works It is

42、 on the island _ they spent 10 years. It is the island _ they spent 10 years. It is on the date _ she went abroad. It is the date _ she went abroad.,where,that,that,where,that,when,5. 在写作中常见错误 1) 在从句中使用了多余的代词 Ill give you the book which youll find it interesting. 2) 遗漏了关系词 I met the man stole my watch. 3) 遗漏了应带的介词 Lets find a room which we can put our things. 4) 从句主谓一致 I wont tell you the name of the person who teach