高考英语阅读之猜测词义

1、welcome to our class,Made by Joycecai,If you come across new words when reading,What will you do ?,Ignore them and continue reading,Look them up in the dictionary,China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21, a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six

2、 minutes, and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,” he said.,Guess the meaning,2011年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： 、理解主旨要义； 、理解文中具体信息； 、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 、作出简单判断和理解； 、理解文章的基本结构； 、理解作者的意图和态度。,抓主旨 明细节 猜词义 做推断,

3、猜测词义题目类型,对考纲外生词的猜测,Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_.”,对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) “cloud” means “_.”,The biggest finding in brain res

4、earch in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷) By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _. A.used B. mastered C. developed D. researched,对句义的猜测,词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “

5、” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by _. 2.The word “” is most likely to mean _. 3. What do you think the expression “” stands for? 4. The underlined word “” means _. .,语境法 Context clues,构词法 Word formation,猜测词意,2011高考阅读理解专题,Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的

6、部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。,中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的) micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非） non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向),superman microwave (超人) nonnatural mispronounce (非自然的) homeless n

7、onsmoker (无家可归的) rebuild eastwards (重建),Can you guess the right meanings?,(微波),(非烟民),(发错音),(向东),(2008NMET) With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.,unconditional: nonjudgmental

8、:,无条件的，绝对的,没有判断力的,1. (2010重庆卷) 1.When he reached the place with his army, he found an impassable river in front of him. 2. Its true that lighthouse was built in out-of-the-way place. 3. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?,Word-forma

9、tion,（合成形容词）,（词性变化）,（复合法，转化法，派生法）,（词的派生）,语境法猜测词义,?,Logical relations,A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. We are on the

10、night shift - from midnight to 8 a.m. - this week.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,夜班,语境法猜测词义,定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is, be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由that is (to say), in other words，to put it another way引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词,小 结,Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John

11、 usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.,污秽的,节约的,语境法猜测词义,由and或or， like ,as as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义关系； 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，on the contrary等。,小 结,( 09广东卷) “Unlike vitamin C, leade

12、rship skills cant be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.” The underlined word roughly means _. A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed,Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is i

13、mpossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,语境法猜测词义,常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，so, so that, such that therefore等)表示前因后果。,小 结,(06陕西卷) The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.

14、 In paragraph 2, “ a roof over their heads” most probably means _. A. a cap B. a car C. a home D. a covering,Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,

15、The new couple bought a lot of household appliances , such as washing machine, fridge and TV ect. Folklore includes all the customes, belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation.,家电,民俗,语境法猜测词义,常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义 。,小

16、 结,对考纲外生词的猜测,Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means “_.”,通晓多种语言的,Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with

17、 the terrible cold.,易挥发的,颤抖,语境法猜测词义,小 结,根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。,EX.6 What does “in the public eye” mean? A. 公众熟悉的,出名的 Tips: in public在公众场合 the public大众 eye眼睛,Guess,B. 在群众的眼里 C. 公开的 D. 令人眼热的,Mr Zhang often appears in public. But he

18、 is not famoushe is not in the public eye.,Jane is usually prompt. Alate Bon time Cpleased,Jane is usually prompt for her classes,Jane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.,adj.敏捷的, 迅速的, 即时的adv.准时地,语境法猜测词义,小 结,所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测

19、生词义或句意时， 一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。,The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down。 I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man. In some places it is still standing, but really unless there is some good medicine, most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hu

20、ndred years. If people dont take medicine, the Great Wall will fall down. B. The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man, who needs medical care. C. We must take some measures to pretect the Great Wall, or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 years D. The Great Wall is falling down, and

21、 it will disappear in the future.,对句义的猜测,The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic. If you ask your brain to learn, it will learn.(07四川卷) By saying “the brain at any age is highly plastic”, the writer means the brain can be _. A.used B

22、. mastered C. developed D. researched,But its a two-way street. I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software. Meanwhile, all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.（09辽宁卷） What does the writer mean by “its a two way str

23、eet”?,What does the writer mean by “its a two way street”? China and India have different traffic rules. B. Tea trade works wanders in both India and China C. Chinese products are popular in both China and India D. The exchanges between India and China benefit both,D,Inquiry-based Activities (I) 探究活

24、动 (1),1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever,小试身手,3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton Univer

25、sity far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观,4. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest,5. Children are always boasting. They say

26、 things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚,Inquiry-based Activities (II) 探究活动 (2),Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant ice

27、bergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season. W

28、hat does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean? A. eat B. get C. sell D. buy,B,Passage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe. The word “disgrace” means _ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. prou