Unit4 全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程3

1、B R _ main,Word Web,A Quiz,Background Information,Lead-in Discussion,B R _ 3_main,Background Information,Four World-famous Physicists,Close-up of Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton,The Great Plague of London,Silicon Valley,B R _ 1.1,Word Web,What words will occur to you whenever the name “Albert Einst

2、ein” is mentioned? Write down as many words and phrases as possible.,B R _ 1.1,Albert Einstein,scientist,superthinker,Nobel Prize winner,theorist,physicist,slow starter,Theory of Relativity,E=mc,law of the photoelectric effect,humorous,stubborn,creative,imaginative,knowledgeable,B R _ 2_1,A Quiz,Ans

3、wer the following questions in a fun quiz to test how far your imagination stretches. Give each item in the quiz a number from 1 to 3, then add up all your numbers.,1= rarely 2= sometimes 3= often,1. 2. 3. 4.,I can tell a white lie (善意的谎言) without becoming flustered. I cry at the movies. I can visua

4、lize patterns and images in clouds, mountains, wallpaper patterns, etc. I get ideas that I think would make a good movie or book.,B R _ 2_2,5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.,When I retell a story, I tend to embellish it somewhat in order to make it more interesting. I vividly imagine extreme life situations, such

5、as being stranded on a deserted island, or winning the lottery. I worry about a possible accident when someone who is usually punctual is very late. I enjoy abstract art. I like to read fiction or stories about the supernatural. When I awake from a vivid dream it takes me a few seconds to return to

6、reality.,B R _ 2_3,Tips: The interpretation of your quiz score is:,score16,16score24,Youre a concrete thinker based on reality. While it is not impossible for you to imagine situations, you prefer a practical, realistic approach to life. You would benefit from stretching your imagination.,You have a

7、n average level of imagination. A balance between practicality and creativity allows you to actualize your ideas and see your fantasies take flight.,B R _ 2_4,score24,You have a very active imagination. It is a powerful force within you, but be careful to keep it somewhat in check to avoid becoming

8、impractical.,B R _ 3_1,Four World-famous Physicists,Listen to the descriptions about the four world-famous physicists and match the letters in Column A with the names in Column B.,Column A,Column B,A. B. C. D.,Albert Einstein Isaac Newton Max Planck James Clerk Maxwell,B R _ 3_1.1_pop1,Albert Einste

9、in (1879 1955) German-born American theoretical physicist,B R _ 3_1.1_pop2,Isaac Newton (1643 1727) English mathematician and scientist,B R _ 3_1.1_pop3,Max Planck (1858 1947) German physicist,B R _ 3_1.1_pop4,James Clerk Maxwell (1831 1879) Scottish physicist,B R _ 3_1.1_Script1,He was a Scottish p

10、hysicist. His most revolutionary achievement was his demonstration that light is an electromagnetic wave, and he originated the concept of electromagnetic radiation. He established the nature of Saturns rings, did important work on color perception, and produced the kinetic (动力的) theory of gases. He

11、 was an English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus (微分学) and formulated the theory of universal gravitation, a theory about the nature of light, and three laws of motion. His treatise on gravitation was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple.,A. B.,B R _ 3_1.

12、1_Script2,He was a German-born American theoretical physicist whose special and general theories of relativity revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time and formed a theoretical base for the exploitation of atomic energy. He won a 1921 Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photo

13、electric (光电的) effect. He was a German physicist whose work on the second law of thermodynamics (热力学) and blackbody radiation led him to formulate the revolutionary quantum (量子) theory of radiation. He also discovered the quantum of action. He received a Nobel Prize in 1918.,C. D.,B R _ 3_2_1.1,Clos

14、e-up of Albert Einstein and Isaac Newton,1. Albert Einstein,Watch a video clip about Albert Einstein and fill in the blanks.,B R _3_2_ 1.2,1) 2) 3),Einstein spent his whole life trying to At the turn of the century Einstein made discoveries about that have transformed peoples view of universe. Einst

15、ein used to think that to make it move, but the fact that the needle of the compass behaved in such a fixed way made him realize that,light, space and time,_,one thing has to touch another,_,something deeply hidden had to lie behind things,_.,B R _ 3_2_2.1,2. Isaac Newton,Watch a video clip about Is

16、aac Newton and tell whether the following statements are true or false.,1) According to Newton, the force that made the apple fall from the tree was different from the force that kept the moon and planets in their orbits.,2) Moon is being pulled by the earths gravity and is actually falling around t

17、he planet.,B R _3_2_2.2,F,They are the same force, the force of gravity.,( ),T,( ),4) The strength of the gravity is determined by the volume of the object, the greater the volume, the stronger the gravity.,3) Gravity merely means the pull towards the center of the earth.,B R _3_2_2.3,F,Gravity is c

18、ommon to all objects, large or small.,( ),F,The strength of the gravity is based on the mass of the objects and their distance from each other.,( ),B R _3_3.1,The Great Plague of London,Listen to a passage about The Great Plague of London and answer the following questions.,1. When was the plague pa

19、rticularly violent?,It was particularly violent during the hot months of August and September of 1665.,2. How was the plague carried?,The plague was carried by fleas that lived on black rats.,B R _3_3.2,3. Which parts of the city were most severely affected by the plague?,The citys outskirts and are

20、as where the poor were densely crowded were most severely affected.,4. Why did the plague decline?,The plagues decline was attributed to various causes, including the Great Fire of London.,The Great Plague of London (1664 1666) was an outbreak of bubonic (鼠疫) plague that struck London and was partic

21、ularly violent during the hot months of August and September of 1665. In one week, 7,165 people died of the plague. The total number of deaths was about 70,000 of a total population estimated at 460,000. The disease was carried by fleas that lived on black rats. It was generally incurable, and its e

22、ffects were terrible fever and chills, swelling of the lymph glands, eventual madness and death. Most of the devastation was in the citys outskirts, in areas where the poor were densely crowded. Those who could, including most doctors, lawyers,B R _3_3.3,B R _3_3.4,lawyers and merchants, fled the ci

23、ty. All trade with London and other plague towns was stopped, but from 1667 only sporadic cases appeared until 1679. The plagues decline was attributed to various causes, including the Great Fire of London.,B R _3_4.1,Silicon Valley,Listen to an introduction about Silicon Valley and tell whether the

24、 following statements are true or false.,Silicon Valley is the northern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California.,F,It is the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area.,( ),B R _3_4.2,3.The cutting-edge entrepreneurs, engineers and venture capitalists enable Silicon Valley to rema

25、in the leading high-tech hub.,T,( ),2.The term “silicon valley” refers to the most advanced companies in the field of information technology.,F,The term has three layers of meanings: 1) silicon chip innovators and manufacturers in the area; 2) high-tech business in the area; 3) the whole high-tech s

26、ector.,( ),B R _3_4.3,Silicon Valley is the southern part of the San Francisco Bay Area in Northern California, United States. The term originally referred to the regions large number of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually came to refer to all the high-tech businesses in the ar

27、ea; it is now generally used as a metonym for the high-tech sector. Despite the development of other high-tech economic centers throughout the United States, Silicon Valley continues to be the leading high-tech hub because of its large number of cutting-edge entrepreneurs, engineers and venture capi

28、talists.,B R _ 4.1_San Francisco Bay Area,B R _ 4.1_Northern California,B R _ 4.1_silicon chip,B R _ 4_1,Lead-in Discussion,Walter Isaacson, who authored the book Einstein: His Life and Universe, is talking about his impression of Einstein in a radio program. Listen and answer the following question

29、s in small groups.,1. Does Isaacson think Einstein was the most knowledgeable and intelligent person among the physicists of his time?,No, but he thinks Einstein was the most imaginative and creative one.,B R _ 4_2,2.According to Isaacson, what do the people in his country need today?,Today the coun

30、try needs a sense of imagination, a sense of creativity in the fields of science, world affairs and anything else.,3. What does Isaacson mean when he says that “Einstein was no Einstein when he was a kid”?,He means that Einstein was slow in learning how to talk when he was a child and was rebellious

31、.,B R _ 4_3,4.How did Einstein benefit from his slow verbal learning ability?,He learned to think in pictures and visualize things instead of thinking in words, which contributes to his creativity.,5. What role do you think intelligence, knowledge and creativity play respectively in Einsteins way to

32、 success? Discuss with your classmates and explain your answer to them.,G R _ main,Part Division of the Text,Further Understanding,G R _ Further Understanding_ main,For Part 1 Discussion,For Part 2 True or False,For Part 3 Table Completion,Further Understanding,For Part 4 Questions and Answers,G R _

33、 Part Division of the Text 1,Part Division of the Text,Parts,Para(s),Main Ideas,1,13,2,412,A young husband and father, Albert Einstein had to work hard to support his family.,Einstein made astonishing achievements in physics and thus revolutionized the field.,G R _ Part Division of the Text 2,Parts,

34、Para(s),Main Ideas,3,1321,Einsteins discoveries were attributable to his imagination, questioning, disregard for authority, powers of concentration, and interest in science.,4,2223,Einstein was not a space alien.,G R _ 2_1,Discussion,In this part, Einstein was portrayed as a young working father who

35、 strived to shoulder the job and family responsibilities and strike a balance between the two. Discuss with your partner and list the possible reasons why the author portrayed Einstein this way.,On the one hand, the author aroused readers interest and curiosity about Einstein by presenting an image

36、different from the stereotyped one of a bushy-haired superthinker; on the other hand, the author intentionally used this image as an echo to the title, indicating that Einstein was not a space alien.,2. In his theory of quantum mechanics, Einstein proposed that space and time were threads in a commo

37、n fabric.,G R _2_2.1,True or False,F,In his theory of special relativity, Einstein proposed that space and time were threads in a common fabric.,( ),1. Einsteins job as a professor of physics enabled him to publish five important papers in 1905.,F,Four years before Einstein got a job as a professor

38、of physics, he published five important papers in 1905.,( ),4. According to Peter Galison, if Einstein hadnt been born, his 1905 papers would eventually have been written in some form by others.,3. Einstein came from the same place where Newton grew up.,G R _2_2.2,T,( ),F,Einstein and Newton came fr

39、om different places but both of them enjoyed high reputation in the world.,( ),G R _ 2_3.1,Table Completion,Factors contributing to Einsteins achievements,Supporting facts,disregard for authority,1. Einstein proposed that light was made of particles, disagreeing with James Clerk Maxwell, an Authorit

40、y Figure of his time. 2. Einstein wasnt beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure after he received his Ph.D. in 1905.,G R _ 2_3.2,Factors contributing to Einsteins achievements,Supporting facts,ability to question,Einstein was constantly doubting and questioning in the school, enra

41、ging his 7th grade teacher.,belief in intuition and inspiration,Einsteins failure to understand lights duality didnt slow him down, instead, he adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool.,G R _ 2_3.2,Factors contributing to Einsteins achievements,Supporting facts,interest in science,Science was dinn

42、er-table conversation in the Einsteins household.,powers of concentration,Einstein would engross himself in a problem in spite of the background noise at parties.,G R _ 2_4,Questions and Answers,1. What did Einstein struggle to do later in life? Did he succeed in his effort?,He struggled to produce

43、a unified field theory, combining gravity with other forces of nature, but he failed.,2. Why did Dr. Thomas Harvey remove Einsteins brain without permission in 1955?,Because he would like to see whether Einsteins brain was different from that of others.,D R _ Text 1,WAS EINSTEIN A SPACE ALIEN?,Tony

44、Phillips,Albert Einstein was exhausted. For the third night in a row, his baby son Hans, crying, kept the household awake until dawn. When Albert finally dozed off it was time to get up and go to work. He couldnt skip a day. He needed the job to support his young family.,D R _ Text 2,Walking briskly

45、 to the Patent Office, where he was a “Technical Expert, Third Class,” Albert worried about his mother. She was getting older and frail, and she didnt approve of his marriage to Mileva. Relations were strained. Albert glanced at a passing shop window. His hair was a mess; he had forgotten to comb it

46、 again.,Work. Family. Making ends meet. Albert felt all the pressure and responsibility of any young husband and father.,D R _ Text 3,To relax, he revolutionized physics. In 1905, at the age of 26 and four years before he was able to get a job as a professor of physics, Einstein published five of th

47、e most important papers in the history of science all written in his “spare time.” He proved that atoms and molecules existed. Before 1905, scientists werent sure about that. He argued that light came in little bits (later called “photons”) and thus laid the foundation for quantum mechanics. He desc

48、ribed his theory of special relativity: space and time were threads in a common fabric, he proposed, which could be bent, stretched and twisted.,D R _ Text 4,Oh, and by the way, E=mc. Before Einstein, the last scientist who had such a creative outburst was Sir Isaac Newton. It happened in 1666 when

49、Newton,secluded himself at his mothers farm to avoid an outbreak of plague at Cambridge. With nothing better to do, he developed his Theory of Universal Gravitation.,D R _ Text 5,For centuries historians called 1666 Newtons “miracle year.” Now those words have a different meaning: Einstein and 1905.

50、 The United Nations has declared 2005 “The World Year of Physics” to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Einsteins “miracle year.” Modern pop culture paints Einstein as a bushy-haired superthinker. His ideas, were told, were improbably far ahead of other scientists. He must have come from some other

51、planet maybe the same one Newton grew up on.,D R _ Text 6,“Einstein was no space alien,” laughs Harvard University physicist and science historian Peter Galison. “He was a man of his time.” All of his 1905 papers unraveled problems being worked on, with mixed success, by other scientists. “If Einste

52、in hadnt been born, those papers would have been written in some form, eventually, by others,” Galison believes. Whats remarkable about 1905 is that a single person authored all five papers, plus the original, irreverent way Einstein came to his conclusions.,D R _ Text 7,For example: the photoelectr

53、ic effect. This was a puzzle in the early 1900s. When light hits a metal, like zinc, electrons fly off. This can happen only if light comes in little packets concentrated enough to knock an electron loose. A spread-out wave wouldnt do the photoelectric trick. The solution seems simple light is parti

54、culate. Indeed, this is the solution Einstein proposed in 1905 and won the Nobel Prize for in 1921. Other physicists like Max Planck (working on a related problem: blackbody radiation), more senior and experienced than Einstein, were closing in on the answer, but Einstein got there first. Why?,D R _

55、 Text 8,Its a question of authority. “In Einsteins day, if you tried to say that light was made of particles, you found yourself disagreeing with physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Nobody wanted to do that,” says Galison. Maxwells equations were enormously successful, unifying the physics of electricity

56、, magnetism and optics. Maxwell had proved beyond any doubt that light was an electromagnetic wave. Maxwell was an Authority Figure.,D R _ Text 9,Einstein didnt give a fig for authority. He didnt resist being told what to do, not so much, but he hated being told what was true. Even as a child he was

57、 constantly doubting and questioning. “Your mere presence here undermines the classs respect for me,” spat his 7th grade,teacher, Dr. Joseph Degenhart. (Degenhart also predicted that Einstein “would never get anywhere in life.”) This character flaw was to be a key ingredient in Einsteins discoveries

58、.,D R _ Text 10,“In 1905,” notes Galison, “Einstein had just received his Ph.D. He wasnt beholden to a thesis advisor or any other authority figure.” His mind was free to roam accordingly. In retrospect, Maxwell was right. Light is a wave. But,Einstein was right, too. Light is a particle. This bizar

59、re duality baffles Physics 101 students today just as it baffled Einstein in 1905. How can light be both? Einstein had no idea.,D R _ Text 11,That didnt slow him down. Disdaining caution, Einstein adopted the intuitive leap as a basic tool. “I believe in intuition and inspiration,” he wrote in 1931. “At times I feel certain I am right while not knowing the reason.” Although Einsteins five papers were published in a single year, he had been thinking about physics, d