虚拟语气subjunctive mood(我)

1、grammar,虚拟语气,动词的语气,英语中的语气一般指动词的语气,分为: 陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。(过去时，现在时，将来时）如： There are two sides to every question. Were you busy all day yesterday? Will you go home this week? (2)祈使语气： Dont be late again.,(3)虚拟语气subjunctive mood,表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推

2、测等。 If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. I wish I could pass the examination.,虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：,1.虚拟条件句,2.名词性从句的虚拟语气,3. 虚拟语气的其他用法。,一、if虚拟条件句： 条件状语从句是非真实情况时，要用虚拟语气。,sb did/were,sb would(或could, should, might) do,sb had done,sb would(或could, should, might) have done,sb did(were) /should do /were to d

3、o,sb would(或could, should, might) do,1）If I were you, I would study hard. 2）If it rained, I would not be here now.,1）If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved. 2）If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.,1) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at ho

4、me. 2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes. 3)If you missed the film tonight, you would feel sorry.,注意问题： 1、If从句中绝对不可出现“would”。 2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型，反之亦然。,eg: If you had worked hard, you would be very tired now. If she didn

5、t love driving, she wouldnt have become a taxi driver.,现在,过去,现在,过去,3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，即（Were/Had/Should+主语）例如：,Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.,Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.,Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay

6、at home.,1) If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.,2) If I were to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.,3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.,If he _ drunk, he wouldnt have lost control of the car. A. wasnt B. werent C. hasnt been D. hadnt be

7、en,2) I would have gone to the concert, if I _ time. A. had had B. have had C. had D. would have had,3) _ to tell us everything, we could try to solve his problem. A. If he is B. Were he C. Had he D. Be he,4) _ I known it, I would have told you. A. Have B. If C. Had D. Having,5) _ to the doctor righ

8、t away, he might have been alive. A. If he went B. Were he gone C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone,6) If we _ here ten minutes earlier, we _the bus. arrived; would catch arrived; would have caught C. had arrived; had caught D. had arrived; would have caught,7) If I _ more time, I would have gone

9、with him. had B. had had C. have had D. would have,9*)_, I would take an umbrella with me. Had I been you B. I were you C. Were I you D. I had been you,10) If you were older, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed,含蓄条件句：,without(如果没有), but f

10、or(要是没有), but(但是), otherwise/or(否则)，引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。这时主句用虚拟。 1) Without air, there would be no living things. =If there were no air, 2)But for your cooperation, we wouldnt have done the work so well. =If it hadnt been for your cooperation, 要不是你的合作，我们不可能把工作做得这么出色。,4) I would be most glad to help you

11、, but I am busy now. 5) I would have come to the party yesterday, but I was working. 6) I am busy now, otherwise /or I would help you 7. 表示祝愿时, 用May +主语 + 动词原形, 如: 1) May you succeed in your work! 2) May you be happy!,主句虚拟，but从句不虚拟,主句不虚拟，otherwise/or从句虚拟,二. 虚拟语气在状语从句中的运用,语法指南P189 1）as if / as though

12、引导的方式状语从句 2) in case (that)以防,so that, in order that ,for fear that (以防,生怕)+ sb. (should) do e.g. She closed the windows for fear that/ in case that she (should) catch cold.,1. as if（though）引导的从句,1) She loves the children as if they were hers. 2) Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.,3)It

13、seems as if it is going to rain.,对现在的虚拟： as if sb. did / were 对过去的虚拟： as if sb. had done sth.,三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用：,1. wish后的宾语从句： 1)与现在愿望不一致:sb did； 2)与过去愿望不一致:sb had done； 3)与将来愿望不一致:sb would(could,might) do,eg: 1) I wish (that) I were you. 2) I wish I had visited the White House when I was in the Sta

14、tes. 3) I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.,2. If only(“要是就好了”)引起的感叹句If only +从句= How I wish +从句,1) If only he could come! 2) If only I had known the answer! 3) If only I knew the answer!,将来,过去,现在,1)与现在愿望不一致:主语did； 2)与过去愿望不一致:主语had done； 3)与将来愿望不一致: 主语+would(could,might)+do,4. would rathe

15、r+ (过去） (现在,将来）,sb. had done sb. did,1) Id rather you _(post) the letter right away. 2) Id rather you _(return) the book yesterday. 3) Id rather you _(paint) the wall green next time.,posted,had returned,painted,5. Its (high/about) time sb should do sb did,1) Its time that you went to school. 2) Its

16、 time that you should go to school.,1*)The boy acted _ he had never lived in Canada before. A. as though B. even if C. as D. since,2*) I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night. A. was B. were C. had been D. should be,3*) He was very busy yesterday, otherwise he _ to the meeting. would com

17、e B. came C. would have come D. had come,4) Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 5) But for the party, he _ of hunger 30 years ago. A. would have died B. would die C. must have died D. must die,7) I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _

18、your birthday party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended,8) You talk as if you _ there. A. were really B. has really been C. had really been D. would really be,6) Its high time that we _ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go,9) Id rather you _ right away. A.

19、leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave 10) Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant win,12)He felt as if he _ more time to study for the test. A. needs B. were needed C. needed D. need,11) It is high time we _ off. A. are B. were C. be D. wi

20、ll be,13)I cant stand him. He always talks as though he _ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known,四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：,名词性从句： 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句,1. 在表示命令、建议、要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型： 主语(should）动词原形,Suggest/suggestion/suggested等词后的名词性从句中的谓语动词用(should)+do, 这类动词的头字母记忆口诀为: I drop caps.,insist

21、, demand, desire(希求), request, require, recommend(推荐), order, propose(建议), command(命令), ask(要求), advise, prefer(宁愿), suggest,记忆方法2: 常见的动词有: 1个坚持insist; 2个命令order, command ; 3条建议suggest , advise, propose; 4项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外有:prefer 注意: suggest表 暗示表明 时 insist表坚持认为时不用虚拟语气,主语从句中的虚拟语气P

22、184 (1)Its + + that-clause: sb (should) do sth (2)Its + + that-clause: sb (should) do sth,important impossible necessary natural advisible,a pity a shame no wonder,(3)Its + + that-clause: sb (should) do sth.,suggested ordered demanded required,.,带Suggest的名词性从句* 1). We suggested that the meeting shou

23、ld be held. 2) The suggestion that the meeting should be held was rejected. 3) It was suggested that the meeting should be held. 4) The suggestion is that the meeting should be held. 5) It was required that the crops should be harvested at once. 6) That is their demand that their wages be increased,

24、注意:,I insisted that John _(do) it.(我认为琼做了那件事） I insisted that John_ (do) it.（我觉得他该做）,eg: Her expression suggested that she _ angry.,insist,1) 表示坚持认为,2）表示坚持要求某人该,真实语气,虚拟语气,2) I insisted that the earth _(move) round the sun.,Suggest 表示“暗示,表明”时,用真实语气,He suggested that we _go to school at once.,had done,（should) do,moves,was,(should) go,1) The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at