情态动词与虚拟语气.ppt

1、情态动词 表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“能够”，“可能”“应当”“必须”等，本身词义不完全，不能单独做谓语，必须和不带to 的不定式连用。没有人称和数的变化。高考对情态动词的考察主要集中在三方面：基本用法；推测用法；虚拟用法。,虚拟语气,虚拟语气也是动词的一种形式，表示说话人说的话与事实不符，而是一 种假设、愿望，猜测。,一 基本用法 can 的基本用法 1. 表示能力：能；会 A computer cant think for itself 注：could表示“原来具备某种能力”，was/were able to do 表示过去成功地做成了某事。 2. 表示许可或请求许可：能够；可

2、以 1）You can go now. 2）-Can I borrow your bike for a day? -Yes, you can./ No, you can t. 3. 用于疑问句中表示提议或请求：能不能. Can/Could I buy you a drink? 4. 用在疑问句，否定句或感叹句中表示怀疑，惊异：可能有这样的事吗？ 1）Can it be true that Lily has passed the college entrance examination? 2）How can you be so careless! 3）This cant be done by T

3、om. 5. 理论上的，按常理推断的：有时候会 1）Beijing can be very cold in spring. 2）A wise man can sometimes make a mistake. 6. 构成下列特殊句式： 1）can not/can never too或 cant enough：越越好 2）cant help doing/ cant help but do/ cant but do：禁不住；不由得；不得不,will 的基本用法 1. 用于各种人称表示意志，意愿或决心 1）I will tell you all about it. 2）Tom wont do suc

4、h a thing. 2. 用于第二人称疑问句，询问对方或向对方提出请求 Will/ Would you please tell her the news when you see her? 3. 表示习惯性的动作，有 “总是，惯于”的含义, 有时用于叙述真理时。 1）Fish will die out of water. 2）Sometimes the cat will lie there all afternoon. 4. 用于叙述目前或过去的习惯时 She will listen to records, alone in her room, for hours. shall的基本用法 1

5、. 用于第二，三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令，警告，劝告，建议 威胁，规定,强制和允诺”之意。 1）We shall do as our teacher says. 2）Each competitor shall wear a number. 2. 用于疑问句中，与第一，三人称连用，表示征求对方意见或请求指示。 1）Where shall he wait for us? 2）Shall we go out for a walk? 3. 用于法律、规则等条文中：应；须 The fine shall be given n cash.,must的基本用法 1. 表义务、必要性：必须 Must I

6、 wash the dishes at once? No, you neednt. 注：mustnt表示“禁止，不准” 2. 表示必然性或不可避免性：必定；必然会 All men must die. 3. 表示固执、不满等：偏偏；偏要 Our three-year-old boy must do the opposite to what we ordered. 我们三岁的儿子很固执，要他向东，他偏向西,may的基本用法 1. 表示准许、请求：可以 -May I use your camera? -No, Im afraid you cant. 2. 表示愿望、祝福：但愿；祝 May you s

7、ucceed! 3. 构成句型 may/might as well do sth= had better do sth 最好做某事,should 基本用法 1. 表示义务、责任：应该 2. 表预期：应该会； 想必会 The photos should be ready by 12:00. 3. 表惊讶、遗憾：竟然；居然 Im surprised that you should speak in such a way. 4. 与疑问词连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等：究竟是；到底 Who should come in but my old friend Betty! 我当是谁进来了呢，原来是我的老朋

8、友贝蒂呀！ 5. 用于条件状语从句中：一旦；万一 If she should know the truth, she would be greatly depressed. 万一她知道了实情，她将会非常失望。 6. 用于表示建议、命令、请求的词后的从句中构成虚拟语气。,二 推测的用法 1. will do 将来一定， 准会 Try your best and your wish will come true 2. must: 1) must be +adj / n . 现在,将来一定 Mary must be sad now . lets go to see her . Im sure she

9、 must be better in a day or two . 2) must be doing 现在一定正在 The radio must be still working now. 3) must have done . 对过去情况的肯定猜测 一定已经 I didnt hear the phone . I must have been asleep. 4) must have been doing 过去一定 / 肯定正在 Mr. Smith must have been watching TV this time yesterday .,3. may/might/could 1) ma

10、y/might/could be+adj. 现在或将来可能 - Where is Tom? - Im not sure. He may/might/could be playing football. 2) could / may /might have been doing 过去可能正在 The guards could / may / might have been sleeping then . 3) may / might have done .本来能够 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy .

11、4) could have done 本能够做但却未做, 强调能力。 -We could have walked to the station ; it was so near . . .,4. cant / couldnt 1) cant be现在或将来不可能是 That young man cant be my uncle. 2) cant be doing sth. 现在不可能在做某事 I saw him just now, so he cant be studying in the classroom. 3) cant / couldnt have done. . 对过去事情的否定猜测

12、 Jack cant have arrived yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me,5. should have done ：本应做却未做某事，含有责备的语气 shouldnt have done ：本不应做某事却做了 neednt have done ：本没必要做某事却做了,2011年情态动词 1. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (2011全国卷I) A. will B. can C. must D. should 2. If you _ smok

13、e, please go outside. （2011全国卷II） A. can B. should C. must D. may 3. - I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? - Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. （2011北京卷） A. must notB. need notC. would not D. might not 4. I _ worry about my weekendI always have my plan

14、s ready before it comes. (2011上海卷) A. cantB. mustntC. darentD. neednt 5. It _ be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. （2011江西卷） A. mustntB. cantC. wontD. neednt 6. I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean,

15、someone_ it. （2011江苏卷） A. will have stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen 7. What do you think of store shopping in the future? Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _.（2011安徽卷） A. will never replace B. would never replace C. will never be rep

16、laced D. would never be replaced 8.Hows your new babysitter? We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. （2011浙江卷） A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt,9.Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. （2011福建卷） A

17、.will B.must C.may D.can 10. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. （2011四川卷） . A. can B. may C. must D. should 11. If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over. （2011辽宁卷） A. can B. may C. must D. will 12.Will you read me a story ,Mummy? -OK. You_ have one i

18、f you go to bed as soon as possible. （2011陕西卷） A. might B. must C. could D. shall 13.-Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? - I want to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. （2011重庆卷） A. could B. might C. would D. should 14 .-No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing bas

19、ketball. -Oh, you are really his big fan. (2011湖南卷) A. can B. need C. must D. might,虚拟语气 I. 三个基本句型 虚拟语气也是动词的一种形式，表示说话人说的话与事实不符，而是一 种假设、愿望，猜测。,1 在if 主从复合句中 1) 与现在事实相反 If I had time, I would go to the cinema with you now. 2 )与将来事实相反 If I saw him tonight, I should let you know. 3) 与过去事实相反 If I had met

20、you yesterday, I should have told you about it. 几种特殊情况 1)注意混合条件句： If I had studied hard in the past, I would pass the exam now. 2)用事实代替if 从句 I would love to have met you at the station, but I had to work extra hours. I would have attended your birthday party, but I was too busy then. 3) but for, wit

21、hout 等介词代替if 从句 But for your help, I couldnt have succeeded II 其他从句中的虚拟语气 1) wish, if only, as if, as though, would rather, should prefer + 从句中，用过去时虚拟现在，用过去完成时虚拟过去 wish 宾语从句中： I wish you could come tomorrow. How I wish I could fly to the moon. I wish I remembered her address. She wishes she had know

22、n me before.,If only we could see each other again. If only I had listened to his advise. 2 在 It is strange/ natural / important / necessary / that sb (should) do. Suggest (建议), insist, demand, desire, order, request, advise, recommend, require等词后加宾语从句中，应使用(should) do It is important that we study E

23、nglish well. Mother insisted that I had caught a cold and that I go to see the doctor. The boss advised that the work be started at once. 3. Its (high) time sb did sth Its time you got up.,as if / as though He speaks English as if he were a foreigner. She talked about it as if he had seen with his own eyes. would rather 宾语从句 Id rather you came tomorrow. Id rather I were you. Id rather I had seen him yesterday. if only,2011年虚拟语气 1. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. （2011北京卷） A. studiedB. wo