贸易实务8.ppt

1、Payment terms,Terms of payment: LC at sight 1 30 days before shipment ,the buyer shall establish with Bank of China ,Shang hai an Irrevocable LC in favor of the seller, to be payable against the presentation of the shiping documents stipulated in Clause 15 hereof and draft drawn on the opening bank

2、specified in the LC. The LC shall be valid until the 15th day after the shipment is effected. 2 The buyer shall pay 100% of the sales value in advance by TT to the seller not later than May 15th 3 Upon the first presentation, the buyer shall pay against documentary draft drawn by the seller at sight

3、 . The shipping documents are to be delivered against payment only.,4 provided such drafts are drawn and presented in accordance with the terms of the credit,we hereby engage with the drawer,endorsers and bona-fide holders that the said draft shall be honoured on presentation. 5 Transhipment is perm

4、itted at any port against through bill of lading 6 Drafts drawn under this credit must be negotiated in China on or before the date when the credit expires 7 Documents must be presented for negotiation within 30 days after the on board BL is issued,Dialogue 1,A:Very well,we have setteled everything

5、in connection with this transaction,except the payment terms. B:As you know,we prefer the LC 20 days in advance which expires 15 days after the loading is completed. A:After our long-term cooperation,I suppose you have known our financial standing and credit well know.We know an irrevocable LC can e

6、nsure that the seller gets paid in time . But. On the other hand,it would increase the buying cost . Therefore,could you consider giving us D|P? B:I am sorry.But our rules dont allow us accept other payment terms except LC,although the buyer has had two or three deals before.,A:But why not if you ha

7、ve known the buyers credit after several deals? B:We hope you can understand.We have got some serious lesson from the credulity.One of them was through D|P documentary collection.When the shipment worth US$50,000 was affected,the buyer refused to make the payment .But we can do nothing with it.And t

8、hat buyer had one or two deals before that. A:I see.But the flexibility of payment terms will definitely bring you more orders as well as suit the buyer,s convinence.,B:Sure.We never mean we wont accept other payment terms at any time.As a matter of fact,we will do so when we have known well about t

9、he buyers credit after a real long-time cooperation.,Dialogue 2,A:Apparently, it is pratical to make oue payment for the complete set by installment,because the order includes not only your eqipment,but also your service of installation ,trial run and staff training. B:Sure.What is your opinion on t

10、he installment payment? A:We think it is fair that we make a dowm payment on the delivery of the eqiupment.And then we will pay off the rest in three payments according to the progress og the project. B:We may agree with your proposal.so ,the down payment actually is worth the equipment that you pur

11、chase. A:We would like to pay it by L|C. B:Sure.but you must open the L|C at sight one month before the shipment is made. A:No problem.,Mode of payment remittance(mail transferMT,telegraphic transferTT,demand draftDD) Collection document against payment (DP) document against acceptance(DA) Letter of

12、 credit,Remmittance -When remittance is adopted in international trade,the buyer on his own initiative remits money to the sellor through a bank according tothe terms and time stipulated. MT:The buyer gives money to his local bank.The local bank issue a trust deed for payment ,then seeds it to a cor

13、espondent bank at the sellors end by means of mail and entrusts him to pay the money to the sellor. TT:send a trust deed by cable DD:The buyer buys a bank draft from his local bank and sends it by mail to the seller.On the basis of the above bank draft ,the sellor takes money from the relative bank

14、in his place. CWO, cash before shipment,Draftbill of exchange,A draft or bill of exchange is an unconditional order in writing signed by one party (drawer)requesting a second party (drawee)to make payment in lawful money immediately or at a determiable future time to a third party (payee) 汇票是由一人开致另一

15、人的书面的无条件命令，由发出命令的人签名，要求接受命令的人立即，或在固定的时间，或在可以确定的将来时间，把一定金额的货币支付给一个特定的人，或他的指定人，或来人。 Promissory note(本票）(P115) Check（支票）,BILL OF EXCHANGE No. (汇票编号) Date: (出票日期) For: (汇票金额) At (付款期限) sight of this bill of exchange pay to the order of (受款人) the sum of (钱数) . Drawn under (出票条款) L/C No. _ Dated_ To. 付款人

16、出票人签章 （实习编辑：顾萍）,即期汇票 Payable at sight/on demand/on presentation 远期汇票 Bills payable at xx days after sight Bills payable at xx days after date,3、汇票的付款手续（使用）,出票,提示,承兑,付款,远期,即期,Presentation(提示),持票人将汇票交付款人要求承兑或要求付款的行为叫做提示。 1、远期汇票向付款人提示要求承兑 2、即期汇票或已承兑的远期汇票向付款人要求付款。,Acceptance(承兑),指远期汇票的付款人，以其签名表示同意按照出票人命

17、令而付款的票据行为。,承兑的手续是：,由付款人在汇票正面写上“承兑”（accepted）， 注明承兑的日期，并由付款人签名,Honour draft Dishonour draft:the drawee refuse to pay when the draft falls due . Certificate of protest from law court or a notary public,Promissory note and check,Promissory note is an unconditional promise in writing made by one person(

18、drawer) to another(drawee) signed by the drawer engaging to pay on demand or at a fixed future time a sum of money to or to the order of a specified person or to bearer. Check is an unconditional order addressed by the customers to a bank signed by the customer authorizing the bank to pay on demandi

19、ng a specified sum of money to or to the order of a named person or to bearer.,collection,The seller issues a draft , to which the shipping documents are are attached,forward the draft to a bank in his place (the remitting bank),makes an application for collection and entrusts the remitting bank to

20、collect the money from the buyer through his correspondent bank abroad (the collecting bank),托收流程(ProcedureofaCollection)货款托收从开始到结束整个业务的流转过程。在国际贸易中，托收的流程为：出口商(委托人)开具汇票委托银行向进口商(付款人)收取货款或其他费用；受托的银行(托收行)通过它在进口地的分行或代理行(代收行)，要求进口商按照委托书的指示付款；代收行将收妥之货款拨交托收行；托收行再转付给出口商。按其交单的方式不同，可分为付款交单程序和承兑交单程序。见“付款交单程序”和“

21、承兑交单程序”。 付款交单程序(ProcedureofDocumentsagainstPayment)付款交单的程序为：(1)出口商(委托人)根据贸易合同的规定，在货物装船并取得货运单据后，主动开具汇票，连同发票等商业单据，填写托收申请书一并送交银行(托收行)，委托代收货款，并在托收申请书中注明交单条件；(2)托收银行根据出口商所填写的申请书中规定的条件，通过其国外代理行或往来行(代收行)发出托收通知书，连同汇票及商业单据寄交代收行，要求其按照通知书的指示向进口商收取货款；(3)代收行收到单据后，如为即期付款交单，应及时通知进口商(付款人)付款赎单，如为远期付款交单，则先通知进口商办好承兑手续

22、，待汇票到期时再通知付款赎单；(4)进口商根据代收行的通知备款赎单；(5)代收行收到货款后，即将货款拨付托收行；(6)托收行应将收到的货款拨交出口商,DP and DA,Under this payment method,the exporter is to ship the goods ordered and deliver the relative shipping documents to the buyer abroad thriugh the remitting bank and the collecting bank with instructions not to release

23、 the documents to the buyer until the payment for the goods is made. DP at sight DP after sight DA,甲交给乙一张经付款银行承兑的远期汇票，作为向乙订货的预付款，乙在票据上背书后转让给丙以偿还原先欠丙的借款，丙于到期日向承兑银行提示取款，恰遇当地法院公告该行于当天起进行破产清理，因而被退票。丙随即向甲追索，甲以乙所交货物质次为由予以拒绝，并称10天前通知银行止付，止付通知及止付理由也同时通知了乙。在此情况下丙再向乙追索，乙以汇票系甲开立为由推委不理。丙遂向法院起诉，被告为甲、乙与银行三方。你认为法院

24、将如何依法判决？理由何在？ 案例分析： 1、法院应判甲向丙清偿被拒付的汇票票款、自到期日或提示日起至清偿日止的利息，以及丙进行追索所支付的相关费用。甲与乙的纠纷则另案处理。 2、理由：（1）由于票据具有流通性、无因性、文义性、要式性，因此只要丙是票据的合法持有人，就有权要求票据债务人支付票款，并且此项权利并不受其前手乙的权利缺陷（向甲交付的货物质次）的影响；（2）丙在遭到主债务人（承兑银行）退票后，即有权向其前手甲、乙进行追索。同样由于票据特性，甲不能以抗辩乙的理由抗辩丙。案例 某年6月6日，某托收行受理了一笔付款条件为D/P at sight 的出口托收业务，金额为USD100000，托收行

25、按出口商的要求将全套单据整理后撰打了托收函一同寄给英国一家代收行。单据寄出5天后委托人声称进口商要求托收将D/P at sight改为D/A at 60 days after sight，最后委托行按委托人的要求发出了修改指令，此后一直未见代收行发出承兑指令。当年8月19日委托行收到代收行寄回的单据发现3份正本提单只有两份。委托人立即通过英国有关机构了解到，货物已经被进口商提走。此时，委托行据理力争，要求代收行要么退回全部单据，要么承兑付款，但是代收行始终不予理睬。货款始终没有着落。 案例分析： 1、对托收的商业信用性质的把握。根据托收统一规则（URC522）的有关规定：只要委托人向托收行作出

26、了清楚明确的指示，银行对由此产生的任何后果不负责任，后果由委托人自行承担。 2、对D/A与D/P之间的法律风险的区分。承兑交单比付款交单的风险大。在承兑交单条件下，进口人只要在汇票上承兑后，即可取得货运单据。 3、此外还存在银行与外商相互串通，造成出口人货款与财务的双重损失。,Remittance and collection belong to commercial credit.Under these two,whether payment can be made or not depend completely on the business standing of the buyer.

27、Therefore,the seller are usually in passive and disadvantegous position if the buyer refuseto pay.LC can make up for the weak points.,在国际贸易活动中，买卖双方可能互不信任，买方担心预付款后，卖方不按合同要求发货；卖方也担心在发货或提交货运单据后买方不付款。因此需要两家银行做为买卖双方的保证人，代为收款交单，以银行信用代替商业信用。银行在这一活动中所使用的工具就是信用证。 可见，信用证是银行有条件保证付款的证书，成为国际贸易活动中常见的结算方式。按照这种结算方式

28、的一般规定，买方先将货款交存银行，由银行开立信用证，通知异地卖方开户银行转告卖方，卖方按合同和信用证规定的条款发货，银行代买方付款。,(1)开证申请人(applicant) 指向银行申请开立信用证的人，在信用证中又称开证人(opener)。 义务：根据合同开证；向银行交付比例押金；及时付款赎单 权利：验、退赎单；验、退货（均以信用证为依据） (2)开证行(openingissuing bank) 指接受开证申请人的委托开立信用证的银行，它承担保证付款的责任。 。,(3)通知行(advising/notifying bank) 指受开证行的委托，将信用证转交出口人的银行，它只证明信用证的真实性，

29、不承担其他义务，是出口 地所在银行。 (4)受益人(beneficiary) 指信用证上所指定的有权使用该证的人，即出口人或实际供货人。 义务：收到信用证后应及时与合同核对，不符者尽早要求开证行修改或拒绝接受或要求开证申请人指示开证行修改信用证；如接受则发货并通知收货人，备齐单据在规定时间向议付行交单议付；对单据的正确性负责，不符时应执行开证行改单指示并仍在信用证规定期限交单。 权利：被拒绝修改或修改后仍不符有权在通知对方后单方面撤消合同并拒绝信用证；交单后若开证行倒闭或无理拒付可直接要求开证申请人付款；收款前若开证申请人破产可停止货物装运并自行处理；若开证行倒闭时信用证还未使用可要求开证申请

30、人另开。,5)议付银行(negotiating bank) 指愿意买入受益人交来跟单汇票的银行。 根据信用证开证行的付款保证和受益人的请求，按信用证规定对受益人交付的跟单汇票垫款或贴现，并向信用证规定的付款行索偿的银行（又称购票行、押汇行和贴现行；一般就是通知行；有限定议付和自由议付）。 (6)付款银行(payingdrawingbank) 指信用证上指定付款的银行，在多数情况下，付款行就是开证行。 对符合信用证的单据向受益人付款的银行（可以是开证行也可受其委托的另家银行）。,(7) 保兑行(Conforming Bank) 受开证行委托对信用证以自己名义保证的银行 加批“保证兑付”；不可撤消

31、的确定承诺；独立对信用证负责，凭单付款；付款后只能向开证行索偿；若开证行拒付或倒闭，则无权向受益人和议付行追索。 (8) 承兑行(Accepting Bank) 指对受益人提交的汇票进行承兑的银行，亦是付款行。 (9) 偿付行(Reimbursement Bank) 指受开证行在信用证上的委托，代开证行向议付行或付款行清偿垫款的银行（又称清算行）。,LC,(1)开证申请人根据合同填写开证申请书并交纳押金或提供其他保证，请开证行开证。 (2)开证行根据申请书内容，向受益人开出信用证并寄交出口人所在地通知行。 (3)通知行核对印鉴无误后，将信用证交受益人。 (4)受益人审核信用证内容与合同规定相符

32、后，按信用证规定装运货物、备妥单据并开出汇票，在信用证有效期内，送议付行议付。 (5)议付行按信用证条款审核单据无误后，把货款垫付给受益人。 (6)议付行将汇票和货运单据寄开证行或其特定的付款行索偿。 (7)开证行核对单据无误后，付款给议付行。 (8)开证行通知开证人付款赎单。,Revocable LC and irrevocable LC Confirmed LC and unconfirmed LC Sight LC and time LC,Urging establishment of LC,Dear sirs, Re: Your order No. 456 for Ammonium S

33、ulphate With the referance to our faxes dated the 20th of April and the 8th of May,requesting you to establish the LC covering the aboved mentioned orders,we regret having received no news from you up till now. We wish to remind you that it was agreed ,when placing the order,that you would establish

34、 the required LC upon the receipt of our confirmation.Needless to say,we are placed in a very embarrassing situation now that one month has elapsed and nothing has been heared from you.As the goods have been ready for shipment for quite time,we wish to take immediate action,particularly since we can

35、not think of any valid reason for further delaying the opening of the credit. Yours truly,Amendent to LC,Dear sirs, Re:Your LC No.5454 We have received your captioned LC Among the clauses specified in your credit we find that the following two points do not conform to the relevent contract. Your credit calls for Manufacturers Certificates,which is not included in the contract.In fact,the contracted commodity is a kind of agricultural produce.It is possible to obtain a manufacturers certificate. The con